The correlation between the viscosity of the whole saliva and its mucin concentration or the degree of clinical findings in patients suffering from periodontal diseases was investigated.
Clinical findings were examined in the facial surface of the four first fully erupted molars, and in the facial surface of the maxillary right central incisor and mandibular left central incisor as follows: The plaque and calculus score was determined by Green-Vermillion's method; the degree of gingival inflammation was examined by a modification of Schour-Massler's method; the degree of alveolar bone loss was measured on X-ray photos by method of Schei et al.; and the depth of periodontal pockets was measured with a pocket maker. The periodontal condition was classified into four categories on the basis of clinical findings and X-ray photos as follows: simple gingivitis, slight periodontitis, moderate periodontitis and advanced periodontitis. Healthy dental students were selected as control subjects in this study.
The viscosity of whole saliva was measured by a cone-plate viscometer: immediately after collection the saliva was centrifuged for 10min. at 2, 000g, and 1.5ml of its supernatant was submitted for measurement of the viscosity at 4°C under the shear rate of 9.6sec^-1. Protein and sugar contents of the salivary mucin were measured by Lowry's and Anthron's methods, respectively.
The following results were obtained:
1. The salivary viscosity was found to be the highest between 31 and 40 years of age.
2. There was no significant difference in the viscosity between males and females.
3. Although the viscosity tended to be high at pH range from 6.5 to 7.0, there was no statistically significant correlation between the pH and the viscosity.
4. The salivary viscosity in patients suffering from periodontal diseases was higher than that of normal subjects, except those of simple gingivitis. Moreover, there was a significant increment of the viscosity with the progress of the disease.
5. The salivary mucin content was significantly higher than that of normal subjects and a statistically significant positive correlation was found between the viscosity and the salivary mucin content.
6. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the salivary viscosity and the depth of periodontal pocket, and between the salivary viscosity and the degree of alveolar bone loss.
7. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the protein content on one hand, and the calculus score, the depth of periodontal pocket, or the degree of alveolar bone loss on the other.
8. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the sugar content on one hand, and the plaque score, the calculus score, or the degree of alveolar bone loss on the other.
It was concluded that the viscosity of the whole saliva is closely related to the salivary mucin content, various clinical findings and periodontal condition.

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Kinin contents and bradykininase activities in whole saliva and gingival fluid from patients with periodontal disease were measured, and compared with various clinical findings such as PMA-index by Schour and Massler, OHI-score by Greene and Vermillion, pocket depth (mm) by a pocket marker and bone loss score (%) by Schei et al.
Whole saliva was collected by a vinyle tube after washing the oral cavity with water. For the measurement of kinin content or bradykininase activity, 1, 10-phenanthroline (kininase inhibitor) or Trasylol (kinin inhibitor) was added in the sample. The sample was centrifuged at 2, 500g for 20min. at 0°C and the supernate was used for the assay.
Gingival fluid was collected by filter paper strips. After the strips were weighed, the above described inhibitor was added, then the sample strips were homogenized by a Polytron homogenizer, and the mixture was centrifuged as in the case of saliva.
Kinin contents and bradykininase activities were assayed by a biological method using guinea pig ileum. The bradykininase activity was expressed by the amount of gingival fluid (mg) or whole saliva (ml) to produce 50% inactivation of added bradykinin (1μg).
The following results were obtained:
1. A statistically significant correlation was obtained only between kinin content in whole saliva or gingival fluid and pocket depth (p<0.01).
2. Statistically significant correlations were obtained between bradykininase activities in whole saliva and the following clinical findings; calculus score (p<0.05), pocket depth (p<0.001) and bone loss score (p<0.05), except plaque score and PMA-index.
3. Statistically significant correlations were obtained between bradykininase activites in gingival fluid and following clinical findings; PMA-index (p<0.01), plaque score (p<0.001), calculus score (p<0.01), pocket depth (p<0.01) and fluid quantity (p<0.001), except bone loss score.
4. A statistically significant correlation was obtained between kinin content and bradykininase activity in gingival fluid (p<0.01), but there was no statistically significant correlation between kinin content and bradykininase activity in whole saliva.
5. In the group of patients that were examined on the basis of clinical findings and X-ray photos, the kinin contents in whole saliva and gingival fluid were increased and the bradykininase activities were decreased following aggravation of the disease process.
It is concluded from these results that the kinin content and bradykininase activity in whole saliva and gingival fluid is closely related to the process of periodontal disease, and that kinin content and bradykininase activity in gingival fluid is more closely related to each clinical finding.

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Adjuvant effect of oral microorganisms on the primary immune response to sheep erythrocytes was investigated in CF₁ mice by the direct antibody plaque technique at 2, 4 and 6 days after immunization. An adjuvant effect was detected on day 2 with Veillonella alcalescens ATCC 17745, Fusobacterium fusiforme HT-40 and Bacteroides melaninogenicus 32-2 and a weaker effect was found with the same organisms on day 4. Actinomyces viscosus ATCC 15987 showed an adjuvant effect on day 2 only, whilst Streptococcus mutans Ingbritt had no effect at any time. None of the organisms had any effect on the antibody response on day 6. But adjuvant effect of Veillonella to 7S antibody production on the primary immune response at 6 days after immunization was detected. Moreover, Veillonella showed an adjuvant effect to 19S and 7S antibody production on the secondary immune response at 4 days after booster injection. Adjuvant effect on the cellular hypersensitivity to bovine serum albumin was assayed in guinea pigs by skin, corneal and macrophage migration inhibition tests at 3 or 4 weeks after immunization. An enhanced cellular hypersinsitivity was not found with Veillonella, Fusobacterium or Streptococcus. With Bacteroides and Actinomyces an adjuvant effect was detected by skin and corneal tests but not by the migration inhibition test. But with Actinomyces an adjuvant effect on the cellular hypersensitivity was detected by skin, corneal and macrophage migration inhibition tests at 2 weeks after immunization.

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Eight cases of periodontal disease associated with the palato-gingival groove of upper incisor, were treated. Flap operation was performed as the pocket elimination procedure. In this time, the palato-gingival groove was removed. The root was made convexed smooth surface with grinding. According to post-operative observation extending from 4th month to 20th month, well-healed condition was observed in 7 cases, and gingival inflamation was occurred in 1 case because of poor maintenance.

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This study was carried out to evaluate the physical property of pulsating water pressure.
1. A water pressure in handpice of pulsating water pressure showed a correspondence with a magnitude of the force in the dial number.
2. A water pressure of handpiece at apical or the speed at which a water pressure rises were found almost in parallel in the magnitude of the force in the dial number.
3. If a spouting time was controlled, the water quantity of pulsating water pressure showed a marked decrease in a dial number 4 or 5 compared with 1 or 2.
4. A guantity of adhesive materials was removed by pulsating water pressure were found in parallel in the surface roughness on specimens.

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Two cases of leukemia which were treated periodontically under diagnosis of marginal periodontitis and hyperplastic gingivitis respectively are presented.
Case 1, a 44-year-old female received periodntal treatments such as dosage and irrigation at two dentists and one oto-rhinolaryngologist complaining of gingival swelling and general fatigue. Because of no response to such treatment, the patient was referred to our hospital for investigation. Clinical examination showed a pale woman with gangrenous stomatitis, submandibular lymphadenopathy and extreme fatigue. Haematological test confirmed the diagnosis of acute myelogenous leukemia. Despite of oral and systemic treatment, the patient was dead 2 weeks after admission, 2 months after the first dental visit.
Case 2, a 35-year-old female, compaining of gingival swelling, cervical lymphadenopathy and easy fatigue, received dental treatments such as scaling, irrigation, tooth extraction, alveolar osteoplasty and caries restoration at two dentists, and medication at one surgeon. However, there was no improvement of gingival swelling, and the patient was referred to our hospital for precise examination. On admission, the patient was pale and easily fatigued. Gingival swelling and general lymphadenopathy were presented, and peripheral blood examination revealed acute myelogenous leukemia. Despite of treatments with blood transfusion and chemotherapy, the patient was dead about 1 year after the first dental visit.

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This clinical case was observed on the effects of orthodontic treatment on the periodontal patient with deep over bite and labial inclination of upper or rotation, and the results obtained were as follows.
1. A spaced arch or contact point of anterior teeth was improved clearly with orthodontic treatment.
2. The alveolar bone loss due to orthodontic procedure was not observed on the X-ray findings at this clinical case.
3. Traumatic occlusion of anterior teeth was removed according to orthodontic treatment or occlusal adjustment.

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