Japanese Journal of Crop Science
Online ISSN : 1349-0990
Print ISSN : 0011-1848
ISSN-L : 0011-1848
Search
Advanced search
OR
Browse
Search
Volume 78, Issue 2
Displaying 1-20 of 20 articles from this issue
Show all abstracts
    • |<
    • <
    • 1
    • >
    • >|
Review
  • Improvement of Seedling Emergence and Establishment of Rice Direct Seeded in Flooded Paddy Fields
    Masami Furuhata
    2009 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 153-162
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.78.153
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    In our country, the work of raising seedlings and transplantation occupies one-quarter of the working hours for growing rice. Introduction of direct seeding culture is expected to reduce the cost and labor for rice farming. However, direct seeding culture is not widespread and is used for only about 1% of the land for rice cultivation. The main reason is thought to be the unstable seedling emergence after direct seeding. In this paper, studies on the factors related to seedling emergence and establishment including the effect of drainage after seeding, the field conditions required for efficient drainage after seeding, the effects of calcium-peroxide and iron-coating of seeds and seed pretreatment, the meteorological conditions after seeding, the characteristics necessary for excellent seedling emergence and its use for breeding, and the sugar metabolism in the seed related to seedling emergence are reviewed. The direction of future research is also discussed.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (1336K)
Regular Paper
Agronomy
  • Effects of Planting Pattern on Growth, Yield and Nitorgen Fixation Activity of Soybean Cropped with Late Planting and Non-intertillage Cultivation Method in Northern Kyusyu
    Osamu Uchikawa, Kohei Tanaka, Masayuki Miyazaki, Yuji Matsue
    2009 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 163-169
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.78.163
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    We analyzed the effects of planting pattern on the growth, yield and nitrogen fixiation activity (NFA) of the soybean cultivar’Sachiyutaka’in 2002-2005 to establish labor-saving cultivation techniques that improve yield of soybean cultivated by late planting and non-intertillage cultivation methods in paddy-upland rotational fields. The yields in late planting was lower than that in optimum planting time, but in 2005 the yield in late planting was higher than that in optimum planting time. The top dry matter and yield of ’Sachiyutaka’was increased by planting in narrow-spaced ridges as compared with normal ridges when late planting and non-intertillage cultivation techniques were used. Moreover, lodging was observed in non-intertillage cultivation. NFA showed a significant positive correlation with the top dry matter and yield, but a significant negative correlation with lodging. Therefore, heavy top dry matter and high lodging resistance are two important factors for enhancing the NFA. We conclude that for establishing effective labor-saving cultivation techniques that improve the yield of soybean cultivated by late planting methods it is important to plant in rows with narrow spacing to increase the top dry matter and NFA, and also to introduce a cultivar with lodging resistance greater than’Sachiyutaka’.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (1139K)
  • Effects of Iron-Powder Coating versus Calcium-Peroxide Coating of Seeds on Seedling Emergence and Establishment of Rice Direct-Seeded in Submerged Paddy Field
    Masami Furuhata, Tadashi Chosa, Osamu Matsumura, Tomoyuki Yukawa
    2009 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 170-179
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.78.170
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    This research was conducted to establish the method of direct seeding of iron-coated seeds using air-assist row seeder in the cold district. The defensive effect of iron-coated seeds direct-seeded in a submerged paddy field against birds was examined. In addition, seedling emergence and establishment of seedling from directly seeded iron-coated seeds, pre-germinated seeds, and calcium peroxide-coated seeds were comparatively examined in pot experiments. Iron coating was more effective in defending the seeds from bird damage than coating with calcium-peroxide due to the reduced lightness (L*) and increased red (a*) and yellow (b*) hues caused by oxidation of iron. In short, the iron-coated seeds were not easily damaged by bird because the appearance was similar to that of the soil surface. On the other hand, the iron-coated seeds showed delayed seedling emergence and establishment compared with the calcium peroxide-coated seeds at low temperatures and under conditions of deep seeding. We propose that seeding of iron-coated seeds on the soil surface is preferable for direct seeding in submerged paddy fields. The introduction of new methods that promote seedling emergence and establishment may be advantageous in cold areas.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (1725K)
Quality and Processing
  • Grain Quality and Eating Quality of Rice Grown in Hokkaido and in Other Prefectures of Japan
    Mio Yokoe, Shuso Kawamura
    2009 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 180-188
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.78.180
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    We investigated grain quality and eating quality of 56 rice samples of 3 crop years and of 12 varieties grown in Hokkaido and in other prefectures of Japan by assessment of physicochemical properties and sensory evaluation. Protein contents, amylose contents and pasting properties of Hokkaido-grown rice were improved and almost the same as those of rice grown in other prefectures. There were no differences in Mido value, appearance, hardness and stickiness of cooked rice between Hokkaido-grown rice and rice grown in other prefectures. Eating quality of Hokkaido-grown rice was slightly better than that of rice grown in other prefectures. Passage of time after cooking resulted in deterioration of eating quality, but the degree of deterioration in eating quality of Hokkaido-grown rice was similar to or even less than that of rice grown in other prefectures. There was no significant correlation between protein content and eating quality or between amylose content and eating quality. Accordingly, the protein contents and the amylose contents of rice are mostly in the appropriate range in terms of eating quality. The results of this study indicated that the grain quality and eating quality of Hokkaido-grown rice have been improved to levels similar to or even better than those of rice grown in other prefectures. The improvement in grain quality and eating quality of Hokkaido-grown rice is thought to be due to breeding of new rice varieties and the development of cultivation control techniques and post-harvest techniques.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (971K)
Genetic Resources and Evaluation
  • Cultivar Difference in Grain Yield and Preharvest Sprouting in Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)
    Takahiro Hara, Katsuhiro Matsui, Hiroki Ikoma, Takahisa Tetsuka
    2009 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 189-195
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.78.189
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    We examined the grain yield, morphological characters and preharvest sprouting of the new buckwheat cultivar “Harunoibuki” and several other cultivars. The plants were sown in April and cultivated in the southwestern region of Japan in 2004 to 2007. The grain yield of the cultivars classified as intermediate summer ecotype was higher than that of the other cultivars, and the grain yield of Harunoibuki was as high as that of intermediate summer ecotype cultivars. Flower cluster number of intermediate summer ecotype cultivars and Harunoibuki were higher than those of the summer ecotype cultivars, while the number of grain per flower cluster and individual seed weight were similar. Hitachiakisoba classified as intermediate autumn ecotype and Kanoyazairai did not mature by the end of the field experiment in July. Grain yields of Hitachiakisoba and Kanoyazairai were lower than those of other cultivars. In Hitachiakisoba and Kanoyazairai, the flower cluster number was higher, but seed setting ratio and grain number per flower cluster were lower than in other cultivars. Preharvest sprouting in Harunoibuki was significantly fewer than that in the summer ecotype and intermediate summer ecotype cultivars in all the 4 years. Year-to-year correlations of preharvest sprouting and grain yield were as high as that of plant height and seed weight, suggesting that the cultivar differences in preharvest sprouting and grain yield are consistent among years.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (863K)
  • Analysis of Environmental Factors Affecting the Chemical Constituents of the First Crops of Tea at Local Adaptability Test with Some Missing Values
    Namiko Ikeda, Toshihiro Mukai, Kenjiro Ikegaya
    2009 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 196-202
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.78.196
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    Environmental and varietal differences in chemical constituents were analyzed using the first crops of 16 tea cultivars, which were used for the local adaptability test at 10 domestic sites in 1988 and 1989. The contents of total nitrogen, total free amino acids, tannin and caffeine in the first crops of tea were analyzed by near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy. Nineteen missing values were estimated prior to two-way factorial analysis. Differences between cultivars and between locations or years were significant at the 1% level for the contents of all chemical constituent in the first crop. Total variance was divided into genotypic variance (σg2), local or yearly variance (σy2) and error variance (σé2). The genotypic variance in total nitrogen, caffeine, total free amino acids and tannin accounted for 21.5, 33.4, 14.6 and 25.9% of total variance, respectively. The contribution of genotypic effects on the chemical constituents of the first crops was smaller than that of environmental effects. The genotypic effect on the caffeine content was larger than that on the other constituent contents.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (852K)
Crop Morphology
  • Growth Responses of a Short-root Near Isogenic Line IL-srt1 Derived from Rice Cultivar Oochikara to Different Plant Densities and Nitrogen Regimes
    Rengui Zhao, Fumitaka Shiotsu, Jian Liu, Jiabin Bian, Masanori Toyota, ...
    2009 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 203-208
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.78.203
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    The rice cultivar Oochikara and its short root near isogenic line IL-srt1 were grown at different planting densities and under different nitrogen fertilizer regimes to reveal the effect of short root on the growth of rice plant through the comparison of growth responses between the cultivar and the line. In both Oochikara and IL-srt1, shoot dry weight (SDW) per hill and spike number per hill (SN) lineally decreased with increasing planting density and lineally increased with increasing nitrogen supply. The SDW per hill and SN of IL-srt1 grown at low planting densities or under high nitrogen regimes sometimes exceeded those of Oochikara grown at high planting densities or under low nitrogen regimes. The SDW per hill was closely correlated with SN rather than SDW per stem in both experiments. On the other hand, the SDW per hill and SN were significantly correlated with the root length per hill (RL) in the density experiments, but not in the nitrogen experiments. The differences in SDW per hill and SN between Oochikara and IL-srt1 tended to increase with decreasing planting density, probably because the difference in the size of rooting zone increased with decreasing planting density. In nitrogen experiments, however, the differences in SDW per hill and SN between Oochikara and IL-srt1 were about the same under all nitrogen regimes, probably because the pot size limits the elongation of root. These results suggested that the short root and its narrow rooting zone limit the SDW per hill and SN by affecting tiller survival through suppression of water and nutrient supply.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (1330K)
  • Varietal Difference in the Frequency of Two Growth Types Existing within a Pure-line Variety of Rice
    Takuji Ueda, Morio Kato, Sachio Maruyama, Masao Yokoo
    2009 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 209-218
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.78.209
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    Although some genetically homozygous rice varieties have two distinct growth types with different leaf numbers (N, N + 1) on the main culm, this phenomenon has not been deeply investigated. In this study, we counted leaf number, recorded heading date, and measured culm length, panicle length, and internode lengths on the main culm in 48 varieties of various origins to detect the universal existence of the two growth types within a population of a rice variety. In all the varieties grown in two cropping seasons, N-leaf plants were headed several days earlier, and had shorter culms and longer panicles of the upper-internode elongation type, than the (N + 1)-leaf plants. However, 12 out of 48 varieties showed high proportions toward a single growth type with more than 0.6 or less than −0.6 in the index of leaf number variation [(No. of (N + 1)-leaf plants −No. of N-leaf plants)/(No. of (N + 1)-leaf plants + No. of N-leaf plants)] in two cropping seasons. Stable high indices were observed in those varieties as Akihikari, Nipponbare, Isehikari, and Hinohikari through four experiments, but other varieties showed unstable indices among the experiments. Differences in the index of leaf-number variation among the rice varieties may be caused by the accumulation of different quantitative trait loci (QTL) which control the leaf number and heading time.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (1202K)
Crop Physiolory and Cell Biology
  • The Storage Method for Maintaining Germination Ability of Moisture-adjusted Soybean Seeds
    Hiroshi Chida, Takuo Kokuryu, Shinji Shimada
    2009 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 219-224
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.78.219
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    The use of moisture-adjusted seeds (MAS) is effective to reduce flooding injury during germination in soybeans. In this study, we examined the effect of the storage method on seed moisture retention and germination ability of MAS, to find a low-cost simple storage method for its practical use. Our results showed that the seed moisture was easily maintained by sealing with a commercial blue sheet regardless of the temperature. The germination rate of MAS sealed with a blue sheet at an ambient temperature (about 25°C) had been kept at almost 100% for two weeks, and began to decrease from four weeks after the beginning of storage. Moreover, MAS stored for eight weeks at an ambient temperature had poor germination ability in the germination test under flood condition, and resulted in a lower seedling emergence rate and inferior subsequent growth in container-pot experiments. In contrast, the germination rate of MAS kept at a low temperature (10°C) did not decrease eight-week storage. It is concluded that the germination ability can be maintained by sealing with a blue sheet at least two weeks at an ambient temperature and eight weeks at a low temperature, though the storage of MAS at an ambient temperature lowered the germination as ability compared with dried seeds. This storage method may be valuable for usage of MAS in the fields.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (1240K)
Modelling, Information and Environment
  • Analysis of Climatic Conditions Responsible for Degradation of Rice Grain Quality in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan
    Norichika Miyano, Makie Kokubun
    2009 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 225-233
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.78.225
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    The percentage of the first grade rice grain is generally lower in Miyagi prefecture than in other prefectures of Tohoku district ; it is particularly low in the Sennan area in southern Miyagi prefecture. However, the reason for the inferior grain quality in the Sennan area has not been clarified. We examined the climatic factors responsible for the regional difference in the degradation of rice grain quality in Miyagi, particularly in the Sennan area. Meteorologic data (temperature, sunshine hours) during specific growth stages (panicle formation stage, 20 days after heading, and 40 days after heading) in the past 28 years were compared among several regions in Miyagi. Regardless of the region, degradation was marked when daily minimum air temperature during panicle formation stage was below 20°C, or when the average of daily mean and minimum temperatures for 20 days after heading exceeded 25°C and 22-23°C, respectively. Even in such years, the first grade grain percentage was significantly lower in the Sennan area than in the other order areas, suggesting that unknown factors other than air temperature are responsible for the degradation of rice quality in this area. When daily minimum temperature during panicle formation stage declined below 20°C, or when the average of daily mean and minimum temperatures for 20 days after heading did not exceed 25°C and 22-23°C, respectively, the degradation of rice quality in the Sennan area appeared to be caused by fewer sunshine hours during the 20 days after heading.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (991K)
  • The Change in Water Quality for Irrigation in Tochigi Prefecture
    Naruo Miyazaki, Takahiro Sekiwa, Tomohiko Yoshida
    2009 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 234-241
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.78.234
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    We investigated the quality of irrigation water for 14 elements including nutrient salts in Tochigi Prefecture from 1996 to 1998. The irrigation water was sampled at 85 points 5 times during the period from transplanting to ripening of rice plants. The drainage water was sampled at 6 points 7 times during the period from transplanting to November. The percentage of the water with the value within the standard value for irrigation was 70, 88, 84, 30 and 100 in pH, EC, COD, T-N and SS, respectively. The water quality was, the best in the Naka basin, followed by was the Kinu basin and was the worst in the Watarase basin. The range of seasonal changes in water quality was narrow. The point with the most polluted water was in the area downstream from cities in the southern and western part of Tochigi Prefecture. The nutrient salt concentration of the drainage was higher than that of irrigation, except for SiO2. The nutrient salt concentration in 1996∼1998 tended to be lower than that in 1986∼1988, especially in T-N.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (1518K)
Research and Technical Note
  • Effects of Seed Coating with Differently Oxidized Iron on Seedling Emergence and Establishment after Direct-seeding under Submerged Conditions
    Masami Furuhata, Tadashi Chosa, Osamu Matsumura, Tomoyuki Yukawa
    2009 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 242-249
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.78.242
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    Heat production and germination of rice seeds kept in a hopper and vat under oxidizing conditions were examined. In addition, seedling emergence and establishment from these seeds directly seeded with an air-assist row seeder were examined in the field. Under the crowded conditions in the hopper, the seeds coated with reduced iron (sealed) were rapidly heated and showed a reduced germination rate. In contrast, the seeds coated with iron oxide (sealed) showed gradual increase in heat production and gradual decrease in germination rate. The germination rate after seeding (after accumulation) was highest in the seeds coated with iron oxide (sealed) following by those coated with reduced iron (sealed), and reduced iron (oxidized without sealing). This order was reflected in the seedling establishment rate and the dry-weight increase of the plants. Our results indicate that the effects of excessive heating may be avoided by using iron oxide-coated seeds, and that machine sowing may be used in a large scale compartmentalization system to promote seedling emergence and establishment.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (1749K)
  • Effect of Late Sowing on the Isoflavone Content of Soybean Seed in Southern Kyushu
    Isao Akagi, Motoki Nishihara, Shigehide Ueda, Akitoshi Yokoyama, Yuich ...
    2009 Volume 78 Issue 2 Pages 250-254
    Published: 2009
    Released on J-STAGE: May 22, 2009
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.78.250
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    We examined the effect of the late sowing on the isoflavone content of autumn maturing soybean seed in southern Kyushu. The mean air-temperatures during the late ripening stage of the late-sown soybean were 0.4−1.7°C lower than those of the soybean sown on the normal date due to the delay of maturing stage. The isoflavone content was increased by the late sowing. The rate of increase in isoflavone content by the late sowing was 16.1−34.9% in ‘Akisengoku’, 5.9−15.3% in ‘Kurodamaru’, 31.1−37.9% in ‘Hyuga’ and 44.4−58.0% in ‘Fukuyutaka’. The contents of potassium and magnesium were not significantly different between normal sown and late-sown soybean. However, the calcium content of late-sown soybean was lower than that of normal sown soybean. On the other hand, late sowing decreased the seed weight per plant by 78% at the maximum. These results suggest that the late sowing could be an effective cultivation technique for producing soybean with a high isoflavone content on condition that the decrease in seed yield is mitigated.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (844K)
Information
Symposium
Mini Review
    • |<
    • <
    • 1
    • >
    • >|
feedback
 Top