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Volume 75 (2006)
- Issue 4 Pages 443-
- Issue 3 Pages 241-
- Issue 2 Pages 119-
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Volume 75, Issue 2
Displaying 1-19 of 19 articles from this issue
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Regular Paper
Agronomy
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Yukitsugu Takahashi, Tomohiko Yoshida2006 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 119-125
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied the method of raising paddy rice seedlings using the single whole basal fertilizer application to the nursery box in the rice-wheat double cropping area in Gunma Prefecture. The seedlings were raised by the pool method which is widely used in Gunma Prefecture. We applied single whole basal fertilizer named “Naebako-makase” (N400-100 and NK301-100) , and raised the seedlings for 20-22 days. From the studies for 3 years, we found that could be raised seedlings in April without any problems, but in May-June feritilizer tended to be dissolved excessively in the latter period, and the seedlings tended to show spindly growth, along with lower mat intensity. The type of fertilizer and the position of feritilizer in nursery boxes scarcely influenced seedling growth. The use of grained soil to cover the seeds did not affect the emergence and growth of seedlings. On the other hand, seedlings could hardly emerge when covered by grained-fused phosphate. Covering with powdering fused-phosphate caused growth injury and decreased the seedling-mat intensity. The small decrease of seedling mat intensity caused by covering with grained-soil was avoidable by increasing the sowing rate, and healty seedlings suitable for transplanting could be grown. Therefore, we found that this method can be introduced to the rice-wheat double cropping areas in Gunma Prefecture.View full abstractDownload PDF (1151K) -
Yukitsugu Takahashi, Tomohiko Yoshida2006 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 126-131
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNew methods for low-cost and labour-saving of paddy rice culture in the east flat area of Gunma Prefecture were evaluated. Economics was evaluated by indisensable cost per 10a. Labor efficiency was evaluated by the total weight of the nursery boxes to be moved, and the working hours for fertilization per 10a. The use of a new nursery box and the reduction of the amount of soil in the nursery box reduced the cost and labor by 30-36%. The use of the flat arrangement of nursery boxes and non-split feritillizer application to the field reduced labor by 30-33%, and the use of non-spilt feritillizer application to the nursery box reduced the cost by 17%, and labor by 94%. Next, the culture systems combining these methods were evaluated. The system combining the flat arrangement of boxes and non-split feritillizer application in the field reduced the cost by 6% and labor by 33%. The system combining the reduced amount of soil in the nursery box, flat arrangement of the nursery boxes and non-split feritillizer application in the nursery boxes reduced the cost by 30% and labor by 33%. Thus, these technologies were effective for paddy rice field management. We surveyed the farmer's fields when the latter system was applied for 2 years. The growth and yield of rice were comparable to those in the standard field, and we concluded that this technology is useful.View full abstractDownload PDF (1005K) -
—The Effect of the Number of Seeds Dibbled per Hole on the Emerging Force of the Seedlings—Tetsuya Iwabuchi, Takefumi Ogata, Kohei Tanaka2006 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 132-135
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe examined the effect of the number of soybean seeds dibbled per hole on the seedling emergence and establishment on crust-forming soil in order to improve the unstable emergence and establishment caused by the soil crust formed by drying after rainfall. The rate of hill establishment was markedly increased by dibbling over 3 seeds per hole compared with dibbling 1 or 2 seeds per hole, and the final rate of hill establishment was increased to 96—100% by dibbling over 3 seeds. Using an unbonded strain gauge transducer and null balancing, we measured the emerging force of the seedlings. The emerging force was doubled by dibbling 3 seeds per hole compared with dibbling 1 or 2 seeds. The maximum emerging force when 3 seeds were dibbled was 378g, which was 3.5 times as strong as that when 1 seed was dibbled, and 1.6 times as strong as that when 2 seeds were dibbled. Thus, the emerging force of the seedlings was increased rapidly by dibblig 3 or more seeds per hole. This may be why the rate of seedling establishment on the soil with a crust formed was high increased by dibbling over 3 seeds per hole.View full abstractDownload PDF (1005K) -
Jiro Watanabe, Yasuo Ohshita, Ken-ichiro Honda, Kazuhiko Konishi, Hiro ...2006 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 136-140
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo investigate the effect of late seeding on occurrence of soybean dwarf disease (SbD) in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. Cv. Yukihomare), we conducted two field experiments at the National Agriculture Research Center for Hokkaido Region. 1) Examination of SbD occurrence rate and yield of soybean seeded at three date: mid-May (early), late May (standard), and early June (late). 2) Examination of SbD infection rate in the soybean seedlings grown in the field in different seasons. The yield of late-seeded soybean plants was equal to that of the standard-seeded plants, except in 2004 when typhoon damage reduced yield. The rate of SbD occurrence was highest in the early-seeded plants, and lowest in the late-seeded plants. The soybean seedlings exposed to the field from May 26 to June 15 had a higher rate of SbD than the others in both years. Late-seeded soybean plants emerged after the peak of the occurrence of the foxglove aphid (Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach)) which transmits soybean dwarf disease virus to soybean field, and this may be why SbD occurrence rate was low in the late seeded plants. When the occurrence rate of SbD was reduced by late seeding, the resulting yield reduction may be mitigated by dense planting. Thus late-seeding combined with dense planting may be effective in reducing SbD-caused yield reduction.View full abstractDownload PDF (784K)
Quality and Processing
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Shinichi Fujitomi, Tsuyoshi Sumiyoshi, Ikufumi Kitahara2006 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 141-147
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe invented a method expressing the degree of ‘Blueness’ and ‘Whiteness’ in color tone of tatami facing, and inspected the validity of the evaluation method. The values of ‘Blueness’ and ‘Whiteness’ evaluated by a sensory test were highly and negatively correlated with a spectrophotometer, L* and a*. Sample differences of the values evaluated by each panel members were significant, but the significant differences were observed among the values evaluated by each panel member and among repetitions of evaluation. Six out of nine panel members could detect color difference of tatami facing significantly at less than a 5% level. It was evident that the values evaluated by most of the panel members were parallel to the average of the values evaluated by all panel members. Therefore, it is accepted that sensory evaluation is useful for discrimination of the color tone of tatami facing as a whole.View full abstractDownload PDF (987K)
Genetic Resources and Evaluation
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Rengui Zhao, Jian Liu, Fumitaka Shiotsu, Masanori Toyota, Akihito Kusu ...2006 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 148-152
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe shoot and root characters, the bleeding rate and the photosynthetic rate in flag leaves of rice cultivar Oochikara were compared with its short-root near isogenic line IL-srt1 at the heading stage. The bleeding rate per plant in IL-srt1 was only 56% of that in Oochikara. The total root length and total root weight in IL-srt1 were 30% and 35% of those in Oochikara, respectively. On the other hand, the bleeding rate per total root length and that per total root weight in IL-srt1 were 188% and 163% of those in Oochikara, respectively, showing a significant difference between the two lines. Thus, although the root mass was larger in Oochikara than in IL-srt1, the bleeding rate per unit root mass was higher in IL-srt1 than in Oochikara. These results suggest that the physiological activities of total root in IL-srt1 were lower than that in Oochikara, due to the smaller root mass, and that IL-srt1 had higher physiological activities per unit root mass than Oochikara. There was no significant difference in photosynthetic rate between the two lines, suggesting that the short-root gene srt1 did not affect the photosynthesis.View full abstractDownload PDF (629K) -
Akiko Shigemune, Kiyoyuki Miura, Hideki Sasahara, Akitoshi Goto, Tomoh ...2006 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 153-158
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo understand the genetic diversity of rice cultivars and to establish a breeding system to accumulate superior traits, we performed pedigree analysis of the varieties bred for over 80 years in Hokuriku National Agricultural Experiment Station(143 varieties). The total number of ancestors increased from 1980s and doubled during the last 10 years, and the number of lines in the yield test was 1122. The Hokuriku lines had only a few ancestors. The average of the coefficient of parentage between Koshihikari and the 16 Hokuriku Lines used for the yield test was 0.463. The coefficients of parentage between Koshihikari and these 16 Hokuriku Lines were not significantly correlated with eating quality. Since 86% of the breeding lines in the yield test (44 lines) were progeny of Kinuhikari, Kinuhikari descended from Koshihikari was considered to have contributed to improvement of eating quality in rice breeding.View full abstractDownload PDF (909K) -
Hisatoshi Ohta, Ikuo Ando, Tomohiko Yoshida2006 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 159-164
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe genetic background of the 229 ‘Kanto’ lines developed by National Institute of Crop Science was studied. Cluster analysis based on coefficients of parentage among the ‘Kanto’ lines revealed the presence of two groups. One consisted of the old breeding lines closely related with ‘Kotikaze’ and ‘Nipponbare’, and the other consisted of the new breeding lines highly related with ‘Koshihikari’, which has a superior eating quality and weak blast resistance, and has been used extensively as a cross parent. However, we found some lines that were not closely related with ‘Koshihikari’ in the new breeding lines. We examined how the coefficient of parentage with‘Koshihikari’ correlated with the eating quality and degree of the symptom of leaf blast in these 22 lines, and found that the coefficient was not closely correlated with the eating quality and resistance to leaf blast. It is possible to develop rice varieties that have a good eating quality, high resistance to diseases, and wide genetic background to avoid genetic vulnerability by breeding the lines not closely related with ‘Koshihikari’ but having a good eating quality and high resistance to leaf blast and introducing useful genes from foreign cultivars.View full abstractDownload PDF (1616K) -
Shun-ichi Kobayashi, Tomohiko Yoshida2006 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 165-174
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective of this study was to establish the technology to identify wheat and barley cultivars by random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD) analysis to improve the quality of wheat and barley in Tochigi prefecture and to prevent seed contamination in the foundation seed and the stock seed. A total of 17 wheat and 19 barley cultivars in the Kanto region were examined. Wheat cultivars could be identified individually by RAPD analysis using 5 random primers, followed by the electrophoresis of the DNA fragments on 1.5% agarose gels and staining with ethidium bromide. Barley cultivars could be identified individually by RAPD analysis using 6 random primers. A polymorphism was observed among stock seeds collected from various areas in the old wheat cultivar, Norin 61, that was bred in 1945. No polymorphism was observed among F13 pedigrees of two-rowed barley, Kanto Nijo 35, showing that they were fixed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1465K) -
Shun-ichi Kobayashi, Tomohiko Yoshida2006 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 175-181
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn breeding, understanding of the genetic background is effective for efficient improvement. The coefficients of parental correlation between the main cultivars of wheat and between those of barley in the Kanto Region were calculated based on their pedigree record. The number of same DNA markers in random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and Nei's genetic distance between these cultivars were also calculated. The coefficient of correlation between the parental correlation and the number of the same DNA markers was 0.581—0.904 in wheat and 0.731—0.805 in barley. The coefficient of correlation between the parental correlation and Nei's genetic distance was -0.511—-0.892 in wheat and -0.659—-0.770 in barley. These results show that the genetic codes detected by the molecular markers were neary equally distributed to the offspring in the breeding process in wheat and barley. The results also showed that although the DNA markers in RAPD analysis are useful, the rapid estimate of kinship by the parental correlation is still effective. The number of the same DNA markers in RAPD analysis was highly correlated with Nei's genetic distance.View full abstractDownload PDF (888K)
Crop Physiology and Cell Biology
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Masami Furuhata, Yuuhi Iwaki, Susumu Arima2006 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 182-190
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relationship between the metabolites in the seeds and the emergence and establishment of the seedlings were investigated in container experiments to improve the emergence and establishment of rice seedlings in direct seeded in flooded paddy field. The plant length, the leaf age and the dry weight of vegetative parts at 14 days after seeding were highly and positively correlated with the emergence rate at 14 days after seeding. Early emergence of seedlings increased the final emergence rate, and promoted the growth of aerial parts.
View full abstractDownload PDF (983K) -
Kazuhiro Kon, Yoshihiro Kaneta, Satoru Shibata, Kaoru Sato, Chikako Mi ...2006 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 191-196
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe vertical distributions of leaf area and nitrogen content of leaves per leaf area were examined in the tillers at each nodal position and nodal order in rice canopy to clarify the factors that cause the difference in the weight of brown rice per panicle among the tillers at different nodal positions and orders. The tillers bearing heavy brown rice had many spikelets per panicle without reduction in the number rate of brown rice (>1.9 mm) to unhulled rice and thousand-grain weight. They also had a large leaf area without a significant difference in leaf area per spikelet. In addition, they had many leaves with a high nitrogen content per leaf area in the upper layer of rice canopy where the relative irradiance was high. These results suggest that the difference in the vertical distributions of leaf area and the nitrogen content of leaves per leaf area among the tillers after heading time in the rice canopy causes the difference in the weight of brown rice per panicle among the tillers at different nodal positions and nodal orders in the rice canopy.View full abstractDownload PDF (743K) -
Ning He, Souhei Sawada, Kiyoaki Kato, Michiyuki Kojima2006 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 197-203
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn azuki beans, the initial growth is important for stabilizing the azuki bean production in cool weather regions. In 2003 and 2004 the growth of leaf surface of the primary, first, second and third leaves was investigated in the field using two cultivars, Erimoshouzu and Shumari. Both cultivars were seeded six times at two-week intervals on the same days in both years. Leaf area was the smallest in the primary leaf and increased with ascending leaf position in both cultivars. The same tendency was observed irrespective of seeding date with a few exceptions in both years. The epidermal cells had a bumpy polygon shape. The area of each cell ranged from 191 μm2 to 6088 μm2. The area of each epidermal cell on the primary leaf was larger than that in the other three leaves, and progressively increased with delaying seeding date; this tendency was not observed in the other leaves. The leaf area was highly correlated with leaf length and leaf width for all leaves, but there was no correlation between the leaf area and the area of each epidermal cell, except for the primary leaf. The correlation of leaf area with leaf width was higher than that with leaf length.View full abstractDownload PDF (880K)
Modelling Information and Environment
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Yoshihiro Kaneta, Chie Itagaki, Takashi Sato, Takashi Tashiro, Atsushi ...2006 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 204-209
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTyphoon 15 passed through the Sea of Japan on August 20,2004. The typhoon caused salt-wind damage on rice plants in the Sea of Japan coast part. To investigate the effect of root activity on the salt-wind damage, we examined the bleeding rate of rice plants in puddled (PD) and no-tilled (NT) paddy fields of heavy clay soil in the Hachirogata reclaimed land. The silicon contents of the bleeding sap and rice plants before the typhoon were also examined in relation to the rate of leaf death after the typhoon. The bleeding rate was higher in the NT plot than in the PD plot, suggesting higher root activity in the NT plot. Before the typhoon, the silicon contents of the bleeding sap and the leaves were higher in the NT plot than in the PD plot. After the typhoon, the rates of leaf death and leaf decoloration were lower in the NT plot than in the PD plot. The percentage of filled spikelets in the NT plot was higher than that in the PD plot. The brown rice yield in the NT plot was 49 % higher than that in the PD plot, and the ratio of the thick brown rice was also higher in the NT plot than in the PD plot. These results suggested that the higher yield in the NT plot than in the PD plot under water stress was mainly due to the high root activity that allowed the maintenance of leaf nitrogen level.View full abstractDownload PDF (959K) -
Yoshiaki Kamiji2006 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 210-216
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: June 14, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was conducted to obtain basic data to establish simple models of nitrogen dynamics for managing highly productive and environment-friendly low nitrogen application in rice production. Here, the amounts of nitrogen in percolating and overflowing water were investigated, and the nitrogen balance sheet was analyzed using 1/2000a Wagner pots and two rice cultivars, Koshihikari and Takanari. The fertilizer was applied by basal application and/or top-dressing at panicle initiation. The amounts of nitrogen mineralized before the maturity stage, supplied by rainfall and irrigation, and the amounts of percolated, overflowing, and absorbed by the rice plant, were 0.66, 0.06—0.08, 0.23—0.31, 0.00, and 0.51—1.27g per pot, respectively. The amounts of nitrogen loss and absorbed by the rice plant, were not significantly influenced by the nitrogen-application methods in either cultivar. In the nitrogen-application plot, 12—16% of nitrogen-input was lost by percolation, and most of it was soil nitrate nitrogen which was lost within ten days after flooding. Generally not a little fertilizer nitrogen was lost by percolating or overflowing in the paddy field. In this experiment, however, most of the basal nitrogen was denitrificated or adsorbed by the soil with a high clay content, most of the top-dressed nitrogen was absorbed by the rice plant, and there was no significant overflow by heavy rains. Therefore, only about 5% of fertilizer nitrogen was lost by percolation and overflowing.View full abstractDownload PDF (1001K)
Mini Review
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese]2006 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 217-219
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
[in Japanese]2006 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 220-222
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
[in Japanese]2006 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 223-225
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
[in Japanese]2006 Volume 75 Issue 2 Pages 226-228
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: July 06, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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