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Volume 67 (1998)
- Issue 4 Pages 443-
- Issue 3 Pages 273-
- Issue 2 Pages 129-
- Issue 1 Pages 3-
Volume 67, Issue 2
Displaying 1-20 of 20 articles from this issue
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Tatsuro HIROSE, Ryu OHSUGI1998 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 129-135
Published: June 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Kazuyoshi UEDA, Akihito KUSUTANI, Koh-ichiro ASANUMA, Masahiko ICHII1998 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 136-142
Published: June 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis experiment was carried out in order to examine the influence of transplanting time on the growth of rice plants in Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. A rice cultivar, Kinuhikari, was transplanted at 3-4 different times from 1992 to 1995. The number of days required for first tiller appearance(DFTA), the number of days from transplanting to heading time (DTH) and the number of days from heading to maturation(DHM) were investigated in relation to temperature.The relation between DFTA(Y1) and the mean temperature for 5 days after transplanting(X1) was expressed by means of the following equation;Y1=197.35×e<:0.170>l:X1···(1) According to this equation, the estimated DFTA was prolonged abruptly and required more than 12 days when (X1)was below 16∼17°C.This temperature corresponded to that of the second five days of May in Kagawa Prefecture.Similarly, DTH(Y2)was expressed by the mean temperature for 30 days after transplanting(X2)and DFTA(X3);Y2=-2.56X2+0.76X3+118.86···(2) DHM(Y3)was expressed by the mean temperature for 30 days after heading(X4)as follow;Y3=-2.1X4+89.2···(3) Therefore, we estimated that the safe transplanting time in Kagawa Prefecture is during the second five days of May.Also, heading time and maturation can easily be estimated by equations(2) and (3), respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (1052K) -
Teruhisa UMEZAKI, Kazunori TSUNO1998 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 143-148
Published: June 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to find practical-use methods of untapped resources, especially used-paper, which have been collected through recycling systems as organic materials in agriculture.The effects of used-paper mulching were studied on the growth and yield characteristics of early-season culture rice, cv.Koshihikari, in the southern part of Kyushu.The experiments were carried out at the University Experimental Farm, Miyazaki University in 1995 and 1996.Used-paper mulching treatment lowered soil temperature during the daytime and raised it slightly at night in the early vegetative growth stage.Since the vegetative growth stage was prolonged by the mulching treatment, heading time and maturing time were delayed.Mulching treatment had much the same or higher grain yield than usual cultivation methods at the farm, and was effective in the control of competition with weeds.The higher grain yield was due to the increase of productive tillers and number of grains per head.Weeds were controlled effectively by the mulching treatment.It seemed very effective to use paper mulching collectively with herbicide in the early stage to coutrol all kinds of weeds in the paddy field.It was estimated that the loss of soil nitrogen from the surface of paddy field was reduced by the mulching treatment.We concluded that mulching the surface of a paddy field with used-paper is very effective to obtain a high yield and reduce the usage of chemicals in paddy field cropping.View full abstractDownload PDF (772K) -
Guan Du Hua, Etsuko MORI, Hiroyuki TERAO, Eiji TSUZUKI1998 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 149-152
Published: June 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo determine the effect of a mixture of charcoal with pyroligneous acid (Sannekka E)on the growth of shoot and root in sweet potato, three experiments were carried out at the experimental farm of Miyazaki University from 1995 to 1996.The number of roots, root length and root dry weight of sweet potato seedlings were increased by soaking in a pyroligneous acid solution.When the effects of Sannekka E on the growth of sweet potatoes cultured in pots were examined, it was found that the application of Sannekka E promoted the growth of sweet potato root, increased its activity, and promoted the absorption of nitrogen.In addition, the application of Sannekka E promoted the rate of photosynthesis by increasing nitrogen and chlorophyll contents in leaf blade, and enlarged leaf area.As a reslt, top dry weight and tuberous root increased.View full abstractDownload PDF (814K) -
Masamichi OHE, Hironori MIMOTO1998 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 153-158
Published: June 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecently sometimes deep water is used as a growth control technique in rice cultivation in Japan.To make clear the proper treatment for growth control, we studied five deep-water treatments(30cm depth)which were different in start time and period:plot A-1, from productive tiller number determining stage to internode elongation starting stage to ripening stage;and plott A-2, to heading stage;plot A-3, to ripening stage; plot B, from internode elongation starting stage to ripening stage;and plot C, from heading stage to ripening stage.In plots A-1, A-2 and A-3, the percentage of fruitful culms improved and basal internode diameter increased greatly compared to the of that control(5cm water depth maintained).However the breaking strength of basal internodes decreased as the treatment period became longer(plots A-2 and A-3).This weakening could be explained by the development of lysigenous aerenchyma and thin cortical fiber in the internode tissue.In plot B, no improvements were observed in the percentage of fruitful culms and yield components as compared with the control. But remarkable reductions in breaking strength and spindly growth were recognized in the basal internodes.The reduction in strength could be explained by the thinness of the cortical fiber and fundamental parenchyma, and a remarkable development of lysigenous aerenchyma.In plot C, little influence of treatment was observed on growth habit.These results indicate that treatment which starts from the productive tiller number determining stage to internode elongation starting stage has a possibility for rice growth control.View full abstractDownload PDF (910K) -
Takefumi OGATA, Yuji MATSUE1998 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 159-164
Published: June 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was undertaken to determine the plant characteristics which might be associated with lodging resistance for the selection of good eating-quality rice cultivars well adapted to direct sowing cultures in northern Kyushu.Six plant characteristics on lodging resistance were compared among highly palatable Japanese rice cultivars, Japanese cultivars with high lodging resistance and USA cultivars.Highly palatable Japanese rice cultivars showed smaller breaking strength of the culm, and thinner culm and crown root than other cultivars.The culm length showed a significant (p<0.05)positive correlation with the fresh weight of the straw per culm and a significant(P<0.01)negative correlation with culm thickness.The breaking strength of the culm showed a significant(P<0.001)positive correlation with the fresh weight of the straw per culm and culm thickness.A principal component analysis based on six characteristics was applied to good eating-quality rice cultivars.The first principal component was interpreted as "shape"factor, which was concerned with the culm thickness, breaking strength of the culm and crown root thickness.The second component was interpreted as "size"factor, which was concerned with plant height.The first principal component score showed a significant(p<0.01)negative correlation with lodging degree under direct sowing cultures.But, there was no correlation between the second component score and lodging degree.Therefore, there was no relationship found between the culm length and lodging degree.These results indicate that it is possible to use culm thickness, breaking strength of the culm and crown root thickness as an indicator of estimating characteristics of lodging resistance under direct sowing cultures.The characteristics can also be utilized for the selecting good eating-quality rice cultivars with high lodging resistance well adapted to direct sowing cultures in northern Kyushu.View full abstractDownload PDF (830K) -
Satoshi NAKATSU1998 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 165-169
Published: June 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo vary the moisture content in wheat grain from 20 to 45%, various quantities of water were instilled in non-dormant grains in two varieties and one pedigree(Chihokukomugi, Horoshirikomugi and Kitakei-1354).After incubation for 24 and 72 hr, the incidence of germination andα-amylase activity were evaluated.1) Germination and activation of α-amylase were not observed in grains having a moisture content under 25%.2) Grains with moisture content from 25 to 30% showed relatively high activity in the absence of germination.3) In grains with a moisture content over 30%, the relationship between α-amylase activity and germination was affected by wetting periods.At 72 hr of wetting, almost all grains showed high α-amylase activity with germination.4) Whereas at 24 hr of wetting, some grains with a moisture content over 30% exhibited relatively low activity in spite of apparent germination.Thus in 2)and 4), correspondence between germination and activation of α-amylase was not observed.With respect to 4), grains absorbed water rapidly after wetting and immediately showed signs of germination, while α-amylase was activated slowly because de-novo synthesis needed a considerable period.Concerning2), a difference between the moisture content which activated α-amylase and that which induced germination was a probable cause.Finally α-amylase activity in Kitakei-1354 was lower than the other two varieties, which was possibly influenced by varietal differences in water uptake rate.View full abstractDownload PDF (754K) -
Kumi F. OOSATO, Yuji HAMACHI, Yoshiteru KAWAMURA, Yuji MATSUE1998 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 170-173
Published: June 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA sensory test for highly palatable rice cultivars was evaluated statistically by analysis of variance.Cultivar differences in overall eating quality and stickiness were significant in all of the 16 sensory tests conducted.A significant difference in hardness was not found among the cultivars in six tests out of 16, showing the difficulty of evaluating the hardness.Fifteen or 19 panel members out of 28 could detect a cultivar difference in the overall eating guality at a 5 or 10% level of significance.Generally, the value of difference between Koshihikari and Nipponbare was large for panel nembers who had high reliability.The taste preference of the panel members who had high reliability generally coincided with the mean value fo all panel members.View full abstractDownload PDF (608K) -
Hiroomi ASANO, Katsunori ISOBE, Yoshio TSUBOKI1998 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 174-177
Published: June 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe palatability of rice was investigated utilizing a taste evaluation sensory test for rice cultivated by common cultivation and Aigamo duck cultivation (an organic agricultural method with a crossbreed of wild and domestic ducks).The palatability of the commonly cultivated rice was higher than that the rice cultivated using the Aigamo duck method when judged by the standard sensory test.It was estimated that the rice cultivated using the Aigamo duck method had low palatability because the content protein was 1% higher than the commonly cultivated rice.But the palatability value of the rice from the Aigamo duck method increased when information about the Aigamo duck cultivation method was given to the judging panel in advance.This fact auggests that the sensory of the consumer varies in accordance with the information provided.View full abstractDownload PDF (585K) -
Tomohiko YOSHIDA1998 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 178-182
Published: June 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOne of the obstructions in sweet potato cultivation in temperate regions is root storage during winter for the production of vines for the next season.If a homegeneous high yielding true seed population could be developed, vine cuttings obtained from the true seed population could be transplanted in a field, thus eliminating the need for root storage.Mass selections of true seed populations were attempted to develop a high-yield and high-quality true seed population.Selection for root skin color, germination at low temperature, vine diameter and taproot diameter were effective, and a genetic gain was observed for these characteristics.Root yield obtained by transplanting vines grown from true seed population was 70∼78% compared to conventionally cultured control.A β-amylase null population, which can be used for staple food and industrial purposes, was developed. The yield of true seeds by open-pollinating among clones with open field flowering was 144 seeds per m2.True seed populations with good agronomic characteristics could be used as breeding materials including overseas germplasm exchange and for an emergency crop by harvesting a large amount of true seeds, which can be stored at room temperature for a long period.View full abstractDownload PDF (771K) -
Takami HAYASHI, Kensaku SUZUKI, Masaki HARA1998 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 183-186
Published: June 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFlowering and podding under cool temperature treatment were investigated using three determinate soybean varieties, Enrei, Okushirome and Suzuyutaka.Plants were treated at 15°C/13°C(day/night)in a growth chamber for 2 weeks starting 4 days after the beginning of flowering.Open flowers in both treated and nontreated plants were tagged every day.Pods were counted at maturity and related to the time of flowering.Suzuyutaka was not affected by the cooling treatment.For Okushirome, the number of flowers decreased when treatment was started but the podding ratio was unaffected for the first 10 days.For Enrei, in addition to a decrease in the number of flowers, flowers produced both 2 days before and after the start of treatment did not produce pods.Also for Enrei, a considerable increase in the podding ratio was observed during the latter half of the cooling treatment.Thus, Enrei showed higher sensitivity to cool temperatures as compared to Okusirome and Suzuyutaka, especially at the stage of early flowering.View full abstractDownload PDF (604K) -
Teruhisa Umezaki1998 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 187-192
Published: June 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to clarify the internode elongation pattern and growth habits of indeterminate type cultivars of soybean.Internode elongation of the main stem was continuously observed for indeterminate type cultivars.Indeterminate type cultivars continued to elongate their stems for about one month after the beginning of flowering, while determinate ones stopped their elongation after 10 days.So, indeterminate type cultivars had much more internodes and the main stems were longer than those of determinate cultivars.Elongation of internodes on the main stems of indeterminate type cultivars began slowly at the early phase, followed by a rapid elongation during the mid-phase and again slowing down in the final phase.The final length of the first internode between the cotyledonary and primary nodes was rather long, while the 3rd internode was very short.Those of the internodes above the 3rd one became loger gradually, but some of the uppermost internodes were shorter in length.When the Nth leaf on the main stem began emerging, the (N-2)th internode elongated most rapidly, while the (N-4)th internode stopped elongation in indeterminate type cultivars.These patterns of internode elongation and synchronization were the same as those of determinate cultivars.This seems useful to control plant type in soybean.View full abstractDownload PDF (718K) -
Hideki OHDAN, Hiroyuki DAIMON1998 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 193-199
Published: June 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe amounts of nitrogen fixed in Crotalaria juncea and C.pallida were evaluated by the 15N-isotope dilution technique and the difference method using Zea mays in pot experiments.The effects of incorporation on N uptake of the succeeding wheat in both the Crotalaria species were also determined.In C.juncea, there was no significant difference in dry weight and N content between N application(0.3gN/pot)and no N application at 40 days after sowing(DAS).However, significantly higher dry weight and N content with N application were observed at 100 DAS.There was no significant difference between N application and no application at 100 DAS in C.pallida.In both species, approximately 90% of the total N content was derived from fixed-N at 100 DAS.The amounts of N absorbed by the succeeding wheat grown after incorporating the tops of Crotalaria were higher in the incorporation of C.pallida than C.juncea under no N application conditions.With 1.5gN/pot, no significant difference in N content was observed between each species.The residual effect of the underground parts of Crotalaria was found regarding N contribution to the succeeding wheat.A significantly higher N content of the wheat grown in C.juncea pots was observed compared to C.pallida pots.These results indicate that there are definite differences in properties of green manure between the two tested species of Crotalaria.View full abstractDownload PDF (1012K) -
Michio KAWASAKI, Toshiaki MATSUDA, Nobuo CHONAN1998 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 200-207
Published: June 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe plastid-amyloplast system involved in starch synthesis and accumulation in Eddoe corm was observed by electron microscopes.According to an observation with a scanning electron microscope, a large number of plastids were elongating and replicating in parenchyma cells at the early stage of the corm enlargement.While the corm enlarged, plastids accumulated starch grains and then developed into amyloplasts.The amyloplasts grew large wholly as a result of partial enlargement.In the enlarging part of the amyloplast, smaller, rounder polygonal-shaped starch grains were gathered together.At the harvest stage, many amyloplasts were about 20 μm in diameter.The largest amyloplast, 40 μm in diameter, contained about 4, 000 starch grains with diameters of 1∼3 μm. According to an observation with a transmission electron microscope, the plastid formed a "starch-area"which consisted of starch grains and an electron-lucent part surrounding each grain as a result of starch accumulation.The amyloplasts had stroma in their restricted peripheral space, and kept forming starch grains in the stroma until harvest time.From these observation, we suggest that the site synthesizing starch molecules and developing starch grains is the electron-lucent space surrounding each grain throughout development.It was made clear that a number of starch grains in an amyloplast are developed continuously in the restricted peripheral stroma from the early stage to harvest time.View full abstractDownload PDF (6786K) -
Mitsugu HIRANO, Mihoko SUGIYAMA, Yohko HATAKEYAMA, Eiki KURODA, Takao ...1998 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 208-215
Published: June 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHitomebore, a rice variety, was cultured in 1996 using standard practice(CON)and the practice of no nitrogen application at basal deressing accompanied with sparse planting(BNo).Raw rice bran at 120gm<:-2>l:(RB1)and 240gm<:-2>l:(RB2)was added to the practical regime of BNo, respectively, at basal dressing. The yield in each experimental plot was not significantly different.Although the small amount of rice bran had only a slight effect on the growth of rice plants, the dry weight and nitrogen content of leaves increased after the panicle formation stage in the RB2 plot and exceeded those in the CON plot at the ripening stage.The decrease in stem weight at the ripening stage was faster and larger in the lower part of the stems, below the 3rd internodes, than in the upper part of the stems.At the booting stage, sucrose content in both leaves and stems was apparently higher in sparse planting plots than in the CON plot.At the ripening stage, sucrose content decreased init.ally and reincreased to the maximum in the middle of the ripening stage.Sucrose content in the upper part of the stems was not so different among the various plots and it rapidly increased early in the ripening stage.On the contrary, sucrose content in the lower part of the stems was clearly different among the plots and reached a maximum earlier than that in the upper part of the stems.Starch content in stems was smaller in the CON plot than in the other plots.The content of non-structural carbohydrate in the lower part of the stems changed faster and larger than that in the upper part of the stems.View full abstractDownload PDF (1061K) -
Genichi HIRAI, Toshikatsu OKUMURA, Shiro TAKEUCHI, Osamu TANAKA, Hiroy ...1998 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 216-220
Published: June 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRice seedlings(age in leaf number of 3)were grown for 10 days at 75% relative humidity in the light period(12-hr)and at 60, 75, or 90% humidity in the dark period(12-hr)Dry matter production of the plants grown under higher humidity in the dark period was higher than that of the plants grown under lower humidity.High humidity in the dark period also increased the leaf area, heightened the plant length and accelerated leaf emergence.Then, the effects of humidity in the dark period on the 13C-labelled CO2 assimilation, translocation of 13C-labelled photosynthetic products, water content and respiration were examined.The amount of 13C assimilated by plants grown under high humidity in the dark period was greater than that by plants grown under low humidity in the dark period.High humidity in the dark period brought about a greater transfer of 13C-labelled photosynthetic product to the youngest(late-emerging)leaf than low humidity.High humidity in the dark period also induced an increase in water content, which resulted in the promotion of photosynthesis.Respiration in the dark was not influenced by humidity.Therefore, the promotion of increased leaf area, increased plant height and accelerated leaf emergence, which were observed in plants grown under high humidity in the dark period, is due to increased photosynthesis and the translocation of photosynthetic product to the late-emerging leaves in the plants.These results indicate that humidity in the dark period plays an important role in the growth and development of rice seedlings.View full abstractDownload PDF (734K) -
Satoru Sagawa1998 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 221-225
Published: June 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSixteen soybean cultivars of different maturity groups were grown in a field.The photosynthetic rate was measured with terminal leaflets of the 5th and 6th leaves on the main stems at the flowering stage(FWS, R1-2), pod formation stage(PFS, R3-4), and seed development stage(SDS, R5-6)in the field.The photosynthetic rate was high in the order of early>middle>late maturity groups and gradually decreased with plant age.Significant varietal differences in photosynthetic rate were obseved at PFS and SDS in early maturity cultivars, at PFS in middle maturity cultivars, and at FWS in late maturity cultivars. The photosynthetic rate teded to correlate negatively with leaf size, and positively with specific leaf weight.Seed yield did not significantly correlate with the photosynthetic rate at any stage, but was negatively correlated at PFS and SDS when pooled for all varieties It is, however, presumed that the negative correlations did not indicate a direct relation, because the photosynthetic rate of middle and lower leaves was affected by light conditions that changed with the amount and shape of upper leaves in the canopies.View full abstractDownload PDF (733K) -
Haruhiko YAMAMOTO, Seiji HAYAKAWA, Kiyoshi IWAYA1998 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 226-232
Published: June 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAgricultural damage was caused by heavy rainfall during typhoon 9709 in the northern part of Yamaguchi Prefecture and the western part of Shimane Prefecture.In Mutsumi village, the amount of precipitation measured by five automatic weather stations from July 26 to 28 was 582∼782m, and the amount of precipitation on July 27 was 429∼547mm.We had more rainfall in Mutsumi village than registered at the observation station(AMeDAS)of the meteorological agency.A farm pond in collapsed four places due to the heavy rainfall at Mutsumi village.At the Asou farm pond, rice plants were buried by earth and sand because of bank collapse.The relationships between accumulation depth of earth and sand and top dry weight and grain weight were approximated by a second-order equation.In this case, the accumulation depth of earth and sand was 50cm and top dry weight was zero.In this case of a depth of 35cm, grain weight was zero.View full abstractDownload PDF (1939K) -
Toshio TAIRA1998 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 233-235
Published: June 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Souichiro IMABAYASHI, Takefumi OGATA1998 Volume 67 Issue 2 Pages 236-240
Published: June 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExtremely early-maturing rice cultivars often exhibit preharvest sprouting.A varietal difference has been found, and Koshihikari was more tolerant to preharvest sprouting than Mineasahi or Kinuhikari.Earlier planting caused more preharvest sprouting than later planting.Lodging caused preharvest sprouting.Falling number value, which was reported to be correlated to α-amylase activity and used for the study of wheat preharvest sprouting, could be applicable to rice.View full abstractDownload PDF (721K)
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