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Volume 46 (1977)
- Issue 4 Pages 461-
- Issue 3 Pages 335-
- Issue 2 Pages 147-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 46, Issue 2
Displaying 1-26 of 26 articles from this issue
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Nobuo CHONAN, Harunosuke KAWAHARA, Toshiaki MATSUDA1977 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 147-156
Published: June 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUltrastructural observations were made on the mesophyll cells in leaves at different stages of development. In the ground meristem of the leaf primordium, the plastids and mitochondria, both are approximately the same in dimention, locate around the large nucleus (Fig. 1). The plastids contain several lamellae and small starch grains (Fig. 4). The plastids in the intercalary meristem have more developed lamellae and larger starch grains than those in the leaf primordium. The protuberance formation of the arm-palisade cell progresses in parallel with the cell enlargement, and has completed just before emerging from sheath (Fig. 18). At the stage of cell enlargement, the number of lamellae, the size of starch grains and the rudimentary grana increase in the plastids (Fig. 6, 10). The dividing plastids are frequently observed (Fig. 6). The plasma membrane of the vacuolated cells is observed to possess numerous invaginations (Fig. 7). These invaginations continue to increase in size and project into the large central vacuole (Fig. 8, 9). These structures are bounded by two membranes, an outer tonoplast and inner invaginated plasma membranes. Some invaginations may separate from the peripheral cytoplasm and subsequently attach to the plastids (Fig. 10, 11, 12). The inner membranes of the invagination attached to the plastid, are connected with the plastid envelope. It is assumed that the invaginations may possibly be related to the formation of plastid envelope. In the leaf portion emerged out from sheath, all of the plastids take up a peripheral position in the cell and increase in size (Fig. 14). Another prominent features of the plastids are the increase in both the number of grana and thylakoids per granum (Fig. 16). The microbodies of 0.5-1.0 μm in diameter, are found in the mesophyll cells of expanded leaves (Fig. 17), but they are not found at the stage of cell division and cell enlargement.View full abstractDownload PDF (2567K) -
Hirokadzu TAIRA, Harue TAIRA, Kazuhiko YAMAZAKI1977 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 157-163
Published: June 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous papers, it was found that the rice producing district in Hokkaido had a significant effect upon chemical composition of lowland brown rice and was suggested that the paddy field of peat soil brought especially about the high protein content. Therefore, investigations have been carried out to determine the influence of soil types, i.e. strong gley soil (normal manuring and heavy manuring) and peat soil (normal manuring), and varieties, i.e. 13 Hokkaido varieties from early-maturity to late-maturity, on the protein, fat and ash content of lowland brown rice. Compared with the strong gley soil of normal manuring, the strong gley soil of heavy manuring and the peat soil of normal manuring gave significantly high protein and ash content. As to the results, the high protein value by the peat soil may be due to the liberation of nitrogen by decomposition of the soil at the late growing period, whereas the high protein value by the strong gley soil of heavy manuring may be due to the heavy nitrogen manuring and further to the lower yield because of lodging during the ripening period. On the other hand, the early varieties, as compared with the late varieties, had a tendency of higher protein and ash content, and the protein and ash content showed significantly negative correlations with heading date and date of maturity and positive correlations with ripening mean temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (755K) -
Hitoshi SAKA1977 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 164-170
Published: June 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRibulose-1, 5-diphosphate (RuDP) carboxylase, catalase and acid phosphatase activitics, and chlorophyll and soluble protein contents expressed in term of unit leaf area were investigated at various stages of leaf growth in pots. The following results were obtained : (1) When the leaf blade was divided into three equal parts, RuDP carboxylase activity of each part of young leaf blade immediately after it had fully expanded showed the ranking order: middle≥top<base. The activity of the aged old leaf showed the ranking order: base<middle<top. But the mean activity in the whole leaf blade was considerably lower in older leaf than in expanded younger one. Changes in RuDP carboxylase activity also had a similar pattern to soluble protein content, but not to chlorophyll content in all leaf parts. (2) When RuDP carboxylase activity in different position of leaf blades was measured at various stages of leaf growth, the results were obtained that the mature top leaf which completely expanded had the highest activity and as the leaf positions dropped down, RuDP carboxylase activity of each leaf decreased drastically. RuDP carboxylase activity of developing immature leaf was as low as that of lower leaf position. Chlorophyll content of leaf blade attained its maximum at the lower leaf than the mature top leaf and their differences among various leaf positions were observed after young panicle formation stages, but not at early growing stages. (3) After heading date, RuDP carboxylase activity of flag leaf was maintained at relatively higher levels untill toward the yellowing stages. During these stages, soluble protein content, chlorophyll content, and catalase activity of each leaf changed parallel with RuDP carboxylase activity, respectively, but acid phosphatase activity increased with the ageing of expanded leaf blades. (4) The correlation evident between RuDP carboxylase activity and soluble protein content observed through the growing stages (table 3 and 4.) indicated that there was a parallel correlation between RuDP carboxylase activity and photosynthetic rate when we referd to the past some observations that protein-nitrogen content of rice leaf was closely correlated with the photosynthetic rate. Chlorophyll content also changed parallel with the RuDP carboxylase activity through growing stages except for the early stages. But the degree of the parallelism between the two was lower than that between RuDP carboxylase and soluble protein content.View full abstractDownload PDF (736K) -
Koichi YAMADA, Minoru YOSHIDA1977 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 171-177
Published: June 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe following experiments were conducted to evaluate the relation between main shoot and tillers in corn plants. Sweet corn plants (var. Golden Cross Bantam) were grown under the wide-space planting condition (1 plant/hill, 100 cm×100 cm) in the field. Either leaf blades on the main shoot or on the tiller were allowed to assimilate 14CO2 for 15 min. at the three growing stages. Plants were harvested 3 days after feeding and radioactivities in various plant parts were determined to reveal translocation rates and distribution patterns of 14C-assimilates. In order to assess the flexibility of source (leaf)-sink (ear shoot) relation, tillers or ears on the main shoot were removed at the stage of grain-filling. These plants were fed 14CO2 7 days after the removal, and were weighed 21 days after that treatment, separating into stalk and ear shoot. The results are summerized as follows: (1) At the stage before stalk elongation, translocation rate was low with 47% in the leaf blades on main shoot and 37% in the leaf blades on tiller. Some assimilates were translocated from the main shoot to tiller or conversely. The translocatcd 14C from the main shoot was found much in younger tiller and those from tiller in main root. (2) When plants were fed 14CO2 at the stage of silking or just before, only 4% of 14C exported from the fed leaf blades was translocated into the other unfed shoots. Source activity was not yet fully shown in this stage, since translocation rate was 74% in the leaf blades on the main shoot and 58% in the leaf blades on 2nd tiller. (3) At the stage of grain filling little translocation occurred from the main shoot to tillers and from 2nd tiller bearing ears to the main shoot or the other tillers. When the tiller (5th tiller) had completed the vegetative growth and yet had no ear, however, it translocated 70% of exported 14C from its leaf blades into the main shoot, constituting the main source for development of 2nd car on the main shoot. Translocation rate of the main shoot, 2nd tiller and 5th tiller reached 85, 85 and 83%, respectively. (4) In the plants with excessive sink or source as results of tiller of ear removal, source-sink relations for 14C-assimilates were fundamentally the same as in the intact plants described above, until 7 days after the removal. Translocation rates in these plants changed little also. (5) However, while in such plants as remained only 2nd tiller bearing ears, the weight of ears on 2nd tiller was decreased after the 21 days, the weight of 1st and 2nd ears on main shoot was not changed. It shows that even the tiller bearing ears might contribute to filling of ears on the main shoot.View full abstractDownload PDF (766K) -
Genkichi TAKEDA, Hideo IWAKI, Shigeru TAKAYANAGI1977 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 178-192
Published: June 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA model for simulation of dry matter growth of six-rowed barley was built and formulated with a simulation language DYNAMO, for the purpose of studying the ecophysiological relationships between photosynthetic function and crop growth including production of grains. General structure of the basic model are outlined as follows (see also Fig. 1 and Fig. 2). 1. Photosynthesis and respiration of various organs: It is assumed that all the cars distribute in the top layer of the canopy, and that the other organs with photosynthetic ability (leaf blades, leaf sheaths and a part of culms) distribute uniformly in the layer beneath the ears. The daily gross photosynthesis of the canopy was calculated by the equations (2) and (3), which were obtained by modifying the equation of KUROIWA (1961). The parameters relating to the photosynthetic and respiratory functions were determincd based on the observed data (Fig. 3-Fig. 12). 2. Distribution and redistribution of photosynthate to various organs: In the basic model, dates for germination and heading were fixed to November 5 and April 24, respectively. Time trends in the distribution ratios in Fig. 13 were used in every simulation run to calculate allocations of photosynthate to various organs. Redistribution, or import of stored organic matter from other organs; was assumed to occur only in ears (Fig. 14). 3. Death of various organs: Life spans of the plant organs except for ears and roots were assumed to be longer in winter than in spring (Fig. 15). Death rate of each organ was obtained with the exponential delay function of the DYNAMO language. Model simulation of the plant growth was made for the period of 175 days from the 30th day to the 205th day after the germination (Nov. 5), and gave the following results. 1. Results of the basic simulation run showed the normal growth pattern in total dry weight and ear dry weight of six-rowed barley, suggesting that the greater parts of the parameters used in the basic model may be appropriate. 2. Sensitivity analysis of the model was made by changing parameters relating to the photosynthetic functions and initial values. The results of analysis are summarized as follows: 1) There existed the optimal LAI value for the grain production. 2) Contribution of photosynthesis by ears, leaf sheaths and culms to grain production of barley was rather great. Improvement of photosynthetic ability of these organs resulted in increase of grain production. 3) This model showed sensitive reaction when the parameters relating to the light-photosynthesis relationship were changed. 4) When the inhibitory effect by low temperature on photosynthesis was reduced, the LAI tended to be over-optimal in spring. 5) When the life span of photosynthetic organs was prolonged at the later growth stages, the grain production was increased conspicuously. 6) The effect of changing SLA on the grain production was slight. 7) It was suggested that there exist suitable soiling period for barley to give considerable amount of green fodder without reducing the grain production.View full abstractDownload PDF (1419K) -
Shin-ichiro KAWATA, Sachio MARUYAMA, Masuo SOEJIMA1977 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 193-198
Published: June 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study is an attempt to clarify the relation between the root system formation of rice plants and levels of nitrogen supply in paddy fields. The test material, the rice cultivar 'Mubo-Aikoku', was grown under different levels of nitrogen supply: N-nonsupply, N-8 kg level, N-16 kg level, and N-24 kg level; all levels are expressed in kilograms per ten ares. The results of observation on the root system in the longitudinal plane of the paddy were as follows: The soil depths of crown root distribution at N-nonsupply and N-8 kg level were 60 cm and 50 cm, and the depths at N-16 kg level and N-24 kg level were 40 cm and 35 cm. The fresh and dry weight of the roots grown at N-nonsupply was lighter than the others, and the weight of the roots grown at N-16 kg level was heavier than the others. The above facts seem to suggest that the shape of the root system is larger in depth and width in paddy fields with a low level of nitrogen supply and is smaller in one with a high level of nitrogen supply.View full abstractDownload PDF (874K) -
Shin-ichiro KAWATA, Wonil CHUNG1977 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 199-204
Published: June 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt had been ascertained by the authors that nitrogen fertilizer accelerates root hair formation and growth in the lateral roots of rice plants. But the effects of nitrogen fertilizer on root hairs of crown roots have not been ascertained. The present investigation was carried out to study the morphogenetical effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the development of root hairs in crown roots, and the effect on the physiological longevity of the root hairs by means of ribonucleic acid (RNA) detection. The following results were obtained: Generally, the root hairs which developed on the thicker crown roots were more numerous per unit crown root length and longer in length than those of the thinner crown roots (Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4). As regards the morpho-genetical effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the development of root hairs, it was found that root hair formation and growth in crown roots were accelerated when a high level of nitrogen fertilizer was given to the rice plants (Tables 3 and 5). It was also found that the percentage of root hairs containing RNA increased in proportion to the nitrogcn fertilizer amount given to the rice plants (Fig. 6). From these results it may be assumed that nitrogen fertilizer affects root hair formation and growth, and it also affects maturation of root hairs in crown roots.View full abstractDownload PDF (784K) -
Akihito KUSUTANI, Kimio NAKASEKO, Kanji GOTOH1977 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 205-211
Published: June 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to know the differences of canopy structure and its relationships with dry matter production, productive structure, growth parameters (CGR, LAI, NAR), extinction coefficient (K) and efficiency of solar energy utilization (Eu) were investigated in the primary swards of fourteen varieties of seven grasses (shown in Table 1). The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. There were little differences in the productive structure of non-photosynthetic system, but the productive structure of photosynthetic system differed considerably among grasses. The grasses could be grouped into 4 different types according to their mode of the vertical distribution of leaf dry weight and leaf area within the canopy. Tall fescue had the greater leaf distribution towards the base of canopy (triangular type); Reed canarygrass and smooth bromegrass had the leaf distribution which was most abundant in the middle layers and became smaller towards the base and the top of canopy (oval type): Orchardgrass and meadow fescue had the relatively uniform leaf distribution over all layers (rectangular type). In timothy and perennial ryegrass the varietal difference was found, namely, one was the table type which had a greater leaf distribution towards the top of canopy, and the other was the oval type. 2. CGR indicated highly significant correlation with NAR, but not correlated with LAI. CGR also correlated significantly with K and Eu. 3. The rectangular type canopy, which was found in orchardgrass and meadow fescue could utilize light energy in a better way than other types. 4. Among grasses, there were definite differences in the LAI absorbing 95% of the incoming light within canopy. This LAI, corresponding to the critical LAI, was also in agreement with the LAI above the layer indicating the highest leaf area density within canopy. 5. The critical LAI correlated with CGR (r=0.746), Eu (r=0.842) and K (r=-0.747). On the other hand, NAR indicated negative significant correlaiton with the ratio of non-productive system to productive system, when the leaf dry weight below 50% light condition was added to non-productive part. Thus, it was concluded that the critical LAI, not mean LAI, played the most significant role in dry matter production under over-luxuriant canopy.View full abstractDownload PDF (789K) -
Shigeru SANAI, Yasuo OTA1977 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 212-218
Published: June 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper reports the results of the studies on the effects of nicotinamide on the activities of nitrate reduction and photosynthesis. 1. Nitrate reductase activity was stimulated by nicotinamide in cucumbcr cotyledons which were grown in the growth cabinet with nitrate. 2. Nitrate reductase activity was induced by nicotinamide in the detached cucumber cotyledons which were grown in the dark and in the absence of nitrate. 3. Synergistic induction of nitrate reductase activity occurred by nicotinamide plus KNO3 and nicotinamide plus benzylaminopurine in cucumber cotyledons. 4. The growth and chlorophyll formation in cucumber cotyledons were markedly stimulated by nicotinamide plus KNO3. 5. The effect of nicotinamide on nitrate reductase activity was prevented by cycloheximide and markedly stimulated by chloramphenicol. 6. Chlorophyll formation was stimulated by nicotinamide in etiolated rice seedlings. 7. Nicotinamide stimulated RuDP carboxylase activity and increased soluble protein in rice seedlings. 8. Apparent photosynthesis was stimulated by nicotinamide in rice seedlings.View full abstractDownload PDF (744K) -
Susumu HAKOYAMA, Hiyoshi TANAKA, Waichi AGATA, Tomoshiro TAKEDA1977 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 219-227
Published: June 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo make clear the weed vegetation of paddy fields left off cultivation on account of government paddy acreage-control policy, the investigation were carried out in autumn of 1975. The 25 surveyed plots were located at the north-western parts of Fukuoka prefecture. Coverage and height of plants in their paddy fields were measured and Summed Dominance Ratio (SDR2), which was proposed by NUMATA, was calculated from those two factors. All the species appeared were classified into the following four plant groups from their habitat type: that is, A; perennials in lowlands, B; annuals in lowlands, C; perennials in uplands and D; annuals in uplands. And then, the relations between the SDR2 of these plant groups and the difference of soil moisture, and years of fallow were compared with each vegetation. Results are as follow. 1. At the beginning one or two years after left off cultivation, species number and SDR2 of annuals were dominative. With increase of years of fallow, species no. and SDR2 of perennials became dominative. 2. In the former case, the dominant species were annuals such as Aster subulatus, Aeschynomene indica, Panicum bisulcatum, Echinochloa spp., Leptochloa chinensis, Digitaria adscendens and so on. In the latter case, they were perennials such as Aliscanthus sinensis and Solidago altissima under upland condition, or Isachne globosa, Phragmites communis, Leersia japonica and Paspalum distichum under lowland condition. 3. The vegetation consisting of four groups were largely affected by the difference of soil moisture and years of fallow. The vegetation of paddy fields left off cultivation for many years were mostly composed by the specics of C group under upland condition and by the species of A group under lowland one. On the other hand, that of paddy fields left off cultivation for few years were composed by the species of D group under upland condition and by the species of B group under lowland one, although the relationships were not so clear as in the former. 4. The increase of number of species and SDR2 of perennials were controlled by means of managing methods such as plowing, cutting of weeds and herbicide application. The repressive effects of management against weeds varied depending on the kind of managements and the characteristics of weed species.View full abstractDownload PDF (949K) -
Shin-ichiro KAWATA, Aiya ISHIHARA1977 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 228-238
Published: June 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe root apex-lateral distance, i.e. the distance from the root apex including root cap to the first lateral root, has been shown to be the indicator of the activity of nutrient absorption in rice roots). In this study, the interrelations among root apex-lateral distance, root elongation rate, and size of the root apex of rice plants were investigated. The roots used for observation were seminal and crown roots of rice plant var. Norin No. 29 grown in agar medium with or without mineral nutrients and roots in culture of isolated seminal root provided with scutellum. First, a significant positive correlation was established between root apex-lateral distance and elongation rate of roots, meaning that the higher the elongation rate, the longer the apex-lateral distance. The linear regression of Y= 10+1.6X was obtained, whereby Y is root apex-lateral distance in mm and X is root clongation rate in mm per day. Secondly, the correlation between root apex-lateral distance and diameter or length of the root apex was shown to be highly significant in roots growing normally. This means that the larger the root apex, the thicker the root and the longer the root apex-lateral distance. However, in the culture of excised seminal roots fed with fructose, the abnormal "lion-tailed" roots were obtained, wherein the root apex-lateral distance was relatively short in proportion to the diameter of root apex. This abnormal formation may be the sequence of the suppression of cell multiplication in root apices followed by the maturation of subsisting meristem. Finally, the correlation between size of the root apex and elongation rate was analyzed histologically using the method of Burstrom. It was shown that the larger the root apex, the longer the zone of cell elongation as well as the zone of cell multiplication, and that the size of root apex was related to the activities of cell elongation (assessed by the number of epidermal cells produced per day). Based on these results, the significance of the root apex-lateral distance as the indicator of root elongation rate and of the activity of nutrient absorption was discussed in relation to the morphogenesis of roots.View full abstractDownload PDF (1106K) -
Kanoe SATO1977 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 239-242
Published: June 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing several cultivars, the response in heading date to air-temperature was studied. Rice plants transferred to air-temperatures of 30°, 25° and 20° at young-ear-formation stage headed in 15 and 20 days and may have headed in 40-45 days, respectively. Plants transferred for 7 days to 24°/19° and 18°/13° (day/night temperature) at three stages during early ear development headed several days later than the outdoor control. Plants transferred to 35°, 30°, 25°, 20° and 15°C day temperatures (night temperature was 5° lower than the respective day temperature) when the auricle of the boot leaf reached the same level as that of the leaf below headed in 7, 8, 11, 16 and 26 days, respectively. Differential soil temperatures appeared to affect heading to a slight extent.View full abstractDownload PDF (506K) -
I. F. M. VALIO, Rosely F. ROCHA1977 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 243-248
Published: June 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Eizo MAEDA1977 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 249-253
Published: June 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Shin-ichiro KAWATA, Masuo SOEJIMA, Ryoichi TABUKI1977 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 254-260
Published: June 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRice plants, variety 'Mubo-Aikoku', were grown in experimental paddy fields at the University of Tokyo under different application conditions of nitrogen fertilizer: as basal dressing only; as both basal and top dressing applied once, twice, or four times between the tillering stage and the heading period. The total amount of nitrogen supplied was 8 kg per 10 ares in each case. The number of primary roots and the density of formation of thick secondary roots on the superficial roots increased as the number of applications of top dressing increased. Observation of additional lateral roots on superficial roots revealed the development of tertiary roots in the fields receiving basal dressing, of fourth roots in the field reseiving one application of top dressing, and of fifth roots in the fields receiving two or four applications of top dressing.View full abstractDownload PDF (816K) -
Shin-ichiro KAWATA, Manabu KATANO, Koou YAMAZAKI1977 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 261-268
Published: June 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRoot system formation in rice plants was studied by means of an improved monolith method in relation to ill-drained and well-drained conditions in four paddy fields belonging to farmers in Miyagi and Yamagata, prefectures in Japan. It was found that root system formation is affected by the drainage levels of paddy fields. Rice plants grown in an ill-drained paddy field with no mottling in the plow layer, with no structure in the subsoil, and with low grain yields had root systems that consisted of a small number of roots growing in both the plow layer and the subsoil. Rice plants grown in a paddy field soon after drainage with mottling in the plow layer, with no structure in the subsoil, and with high grain yields had root systems that consisted of a large number of roots, most of which grew in the plow layer and a few of which grew in the subsoil. Rice plants grown in a well-drained paddy field with mottling in the plow layer, with blocky structure in the subsoil, and with higher grain yields had root systems that consisted of a large number of roots growing into both the plow layer and the subsoil.View full abstractDownload PDF (1008K) -
Tadao C. KATAYAMA1977 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 269-274
Published: June 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Shigeo NISHIMURA, Eizo MAEDA1977 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 275-285
Published: June 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe experiments were performed to clarify the tissues from which callus is induced in rice seed. Dehusked seeds (var. Aichiasahi) were inoculated aseptically on Maeda's medium containing 3% sugar, 0.3% casein hydrolysate and 10-5 M 2, 4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4-D), and cultured for 30 days at 30°C under light condition. Morphological and histological changes of the tissues during culture period were as follows. The growths of the plumula and radicle were suppressed, although the scutellum and mesocotyl tissues proliferated abnormally. Tissue enlargement occurred in the scutellum, in which the parenchyma cells expanded and the epithelium cells divided 3 or 4 times for the first 7 days. After 20 days of culture epithelium bigan rapid cell proliferation to produce callus tissue. The other hand, in the epithelium on the medium without 2, 4-D a cell division occurred once. In the mesocotyl, cell divisions bigan at the outermost layer of the central cylinder leading to that of the radicle for 2 days of culture and the cell divisions expanded to the radicle and the vascular tissue of the scutellum. After that they proliferated consistently during culture period and produced callus tissue. The fresh weight of an embryo became 225 fold at the end of culture. On the contrary, a vascular system fully developed in the mesocotyl of the control seedling lacking 2, 4-D which grew normally. The endosperm digestion of callus forming seeds delayed considerably since the some dehydrogenase activities in thc epithelium cells would fail. The morphological changes accompanying with callus formation occurred even when the seeds removed from callus inducing medium containing 2, 4-D to the medium lacking 2, 4-D after 2 or 3 days of culture, suggesting that irreversible change of the tissues had already occurred for this period. Mesocotyl, scutellum and radicle dissected from embryos of dry seeds were cultured under above condition, but they did not produce callus tissue. Dissected plumula and the tissue having both plumula and mesocotyl produced callus tissue. This suggests that plumula would play physiologicaly important roles and that callus formation in mesocotyl and scutellum tissues in a seed would occure under the physiological interactions between plumula and these tissues. Furthermore, when 2, 4-D was decreased to 3×10-5 M the outermost layer of the central cylinder in mesocotyl formed stunted primordium of lateral roots, showing that callus tissue of mesocotyl is formed by abnormal proliferation of the cells which should form lateral roots.View full abstractDownload PDF (2349K) -
Takeshi IKEDA1977 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 286-290
Published: June 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAxillary buds of the potato seedlings and of the potato plants grown from seed tubers are different in growth patterns. The objective of this experiment is to make the aerial axillary buds of the potato plant raised from tubers grow stoloniferously by applying growth regulators to the decapitated stem apex. 1. The concentrations of IAA in lanolin paste which were applied at the decapitated stems were progressively increased from 0.5% to 10.0% one treatment changed the IAA concentration every 3 days and the other every 4 days. In addition, intact plants with no treatment, decapitated plants with only plain lanolin and decapitated plants with 1.0% IAA-lanolin (renewed every 3 days) were prepared. (1) Axillary buds in the intact and the decapitated and applied with lanolin plants grew up into the upward, leafy shoots. (2) Axillary buds in the plants with 1.0% IAA-lanolin also resulted in the upward, leafy shoots, although they showed a stoloniferous feature 8 days after the treatment. (3) Axillary buds in the plants applied with the increasing amounts of IAA every 3 days were induced to the stoloniferous shoots, although the internodes were short and the chlorophyll was formed. 2. IAA and GA3 were applied together to elongate the internode length and inhibit the chlorophyll formation of the axillary buds. The ways of treatment were; 1.0% IAA+0.5% GA3 (I), 1.0% IAA→1.0% IAA+0.5% GA3 (II), and 1.0% IAA→1.0% IAA+0.5% GA3→1.0% IAA (III), respectively. (1) Treatment (I) made the leafy, upward shoots, but promoted the elongation of the internodes. (2) Treatment (II) made the upward, leafy shoots gradually, however the orientation of the petiole showed a downward movement. (3) Treatment (III) made the stoloniferous, downward shoots, and the internodes of axillary shoots elongated sufficiently and the cholorophyll development was inhibited. It was suggested that the growth pattern of the axillary buds of the aerial part of potato plant (leafy or stoloniferous) might be hormonally controlled, since the axillary shoots could be partially stoloniferous if suitable amounts of IAA should be applied combined suitable amount of GA3.View full abstractDownload PDF (618K) -
Katsu IMAI, Yoshio MURATA1977 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 291-297
Published: June 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeedlings of crop species possessing either C3 or C4 pathway of photosynthesis were cultured for 8 to 20 days under 4 different CO2 concentrations from 1/2 to 10 times the normal atmosphere (ca. 350 ppm) in transparent growth chambers placed outdoors to reveal out the differences in the rate of dry matter production (RGR) in response to CO2 concentration among 12 crop species, 27 varieties, or culture seasons (Tables 1 and 2). The following results were obtained: I. In the optimal growth season for each species, the promotion of RGR at higher CO2 concentrations was greater than in a suboptimal season. When C3 and C4 species were cultured in the same favorable season, the response of C3 species to CO2 concentration was greater than C4 species. But in a suboptimal, lower temperature season, the effect of CO2 decreased and the difference in the response to CO2 concentration between C3 and C4 specics became so small that the distinction between the two groups was difficult (Fig. 1). 2. Varietal differences in the response to CO2 concentration of 7 crops were investigated. Although the level of RGR differed greatly among varieties, the pattern of response to CO2 concentration was roughly equal in all varieties examined (Fig. 2). 3. High positive correlations were obtained between the RGR under the normal CO2 (350 ppm) and that under other concentrations, indicating that the plant possessing a higher RGR under normal CO2 also had a higher RGR under other concentrations, but that the degree of promotion under higher CO2 concentrations (3 to 10 times) roughly remained constant irrespective of the levels of RGR in normal CO2. From these observations it may be concluded that the pattern of crop varieties in their response of RGR to CO2 concentration is quite similar irrespective of culture seasons (Fig. 3).View full abstractDownload PDF (744K) -
Kazuo INOUE, Ryozo YAMAMOTO1977 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 298-305
Published: June 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Kazuo INOUE, Ryozo YAMAMOTO1977 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 306-312
Published: June 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Katsumi INADA, Naoki KATSURA1977 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 313-314
Published: June 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (358K) -
Toshiro OTA1977 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 315-318
Published: June 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (323K) -
Iwao NISHIYAMA1977 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 317-318
Published: June 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (332K) -
Mitsugu INOUE, Eizo MAEDA1977 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 319-320
Published: June 30, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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