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Volume 67 (1998)
- Issue 4 Pages 443-
- Issue 3 Pages 273-
- Issue 2 Pages 129-
- Issue 1 Pages 3-
Volume 67, Issue 3
Displaying 1-26 of 26 articles from this issue
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Yoshie S. MONONOKI1998 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 273-283
Published: September 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1838K) -
Mitsuo SAITO, Yusuke GOTO1998 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 284-288
Published: September 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of temperature on the growth of rice nursling seedlings in a nursery chamber were investigated to clarify the standard growth of nursling seedlings. Rice cultivar Sasanishiki seeds with buds 0.3∼1.0mm long were sown on a culture medium of granulated soil. In order to keep the temperature of the culture medium accurate, the medium was warmed with water in a nursery chamber before seeding. The seedlings were raised in nursery chambers kept at 3 constant temperatures (31°C, H plot;28°C, M plot;and 25°C, L plot) and 2 changing temperatures (25°C-2days to 31°C, L2H plot;and 25°C-3days to 31°C, L3H plot) under wet and dark conditions. The growth rate of plant length increased with increasing temperatrue. In the H plot, the plant length reached 7 cm 4 days after seeding, which is a suitable size required for the transplanting machine. In the same cumulated average temperature after seeding (CAT), plant length was longer when subjected to high temperature as compared to low temperature, and the leaf emergence rate was faster under high temperature.The above results make it clear that it is not suitable to compare the growth of nursling seedlings raised under different temperatures using only CAT. After changing temperature, the growth pattern of the plant lengths in the L2H and L3H plots were nearly equal to that in the H plot. Therefore, it was suggested that the nursling seedlings were not damaged by the low temperature for 2 and 3 days immediately after seeding.View full abstractDownload PDF (757K) -
Kazuyoshi UEDA, Akihito KUSUTANI, Koh-ichiro ASANUMA, Masahito ICHII1998 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 289-296
Published: September 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influence of different transplanting times on the grain yield and palatability of rice were analyzed by meteorological factors. The prediction of optimum transplanting time for both grain yield and palatability were also investigated. The grain yield showed a significant positive correlation with the number of grains per m2. The number of grains per m2 showed a significant negative correlation with the mean daily temperature before heading time. The relation between the grain yield (Y) and 3 meteorological factors (i.e., the mean daily temperature of period from transplanting time to heading time (T1), the mean daily temperature (T2) and the mean daily solar radiation (S1) of ripening period) was expressed as a following formula: Y=[-0.483(T2-22.936)2+74.838]S1-1.329T1·S1. The estimated grain yield calculated from this formula was close to the real grain yield. Amlose content and protein content had significant negative correlations with the mean daily temperature of the ripening period. From these results, we estimated that the optimum transplanting time for both grain yield and palatability was in early May.View full abstractDownload PDF (960K) -
Katsunori ISOBE, Hiroomi ASANO, Yoshio TSUBOKI1998 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 297-301
Published: September 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this experiment is to clarify the effect of Aigamo ducks on the prevention of weeds, and the grain yield and culm of paddy rice (Oryza sativa L.). The plots prepared in this experiment were an untreated plot, an Aigamo plot and habitual culture plot. The emergence of weeds was decreased by Aigamo duck herding. There was no difference in the grain yields of the Aigamo and habitural culture plots. The reason why the emergence of weeds was decreased in the Aigamo plot is that the Aigamo ducks ate the weeds and the water of the paddy field became clouded. If the Aigamo ducks were herded for a long term, the number of weeds would decrease. The culm of the paddy rice was not affected even though the Aigamo ducks were herded in the field. However, compared with the habitual culture plot, the lengths of the 4th and 5th internodes (The 1st internode was the top internode) became shorter, the short diameter of the 3rd internode became thicker and breaking resistance became larger, and the lodging index became smaller in the Aigamo plot. As a result, the lodging resistence of the paddy rice in the untreated and Aigamo plots increased as compared with the habitual culture plot.View full abstractDownload PDF (767K) -
Junko YAMAGISHI, Akio MATSUZAKI1998 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 302-306
Published: September 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe maturing processes of field reclaimed with low fertile sub-surface soil was studied for 17 years since 1980 at University Farm, Faculty of Agriculture in the University of Tokyo. Six treatment plots containing the application of chemical fertilizer and two levels of farmyard manure combined with compost were established in both of the field with surface soil and sub-surface soil. A crop rotation of corn-barley-soybean-barley was continued and their yields were monitored. Yields in all plots with chemical fertilizer were high and were not affected by the application of manure in both fields with different soil, except corn grown in manure application plots with sub-surface soil. This indicated that the increase of organic matter in soil was not effective on yield when chemical fertilizer was applied. From the point of environmental conservation, it is a problem if some elements from manure flowed away, which needed more research. Yields in the plots with manure application and no chemical fertilizer were much lower than those in the plots with chemical fertilizer, espcecially in the field with sub-surface soil. Continuous application of mamure, however, brought the increase of yield and, after about 15 years, yields in high manure application plots with sub-surface soil and in both manure application plots with surface soil were almost equal to that in chemical fertilizer applied plots. Therefore, no difference in yield was observed between the plots with sub-surface soil and with surface soil by the continuous manure application for 15 years.View full abstractDownload PDF (807K) -
Gui-Yun WANG, Toshinori ABE, Takeo SASAHARA1998 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 307-311
Published: September 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe concentrations of Kjeldahl-digested N were significantly higher in milled rice grains cultivated under customary farming practices than in those grown organically. However, the amylose content showed no differeces between the two cultivation methods. The concentrations of hydrolyzed amino acids tended to be higher in milled rice grains obtained using customary farming practices than in those obtained using organic farming practices. In contrast, the concentrations of free amino acids were one hundred or more times lower than those of hydrolyzed amino acids. However, of the free amino acids, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine, and asparagine were significantly higher in milled rice grains from organically grown rice than in those from the customary farming practices. However, studies on the relationship of amount of components such as Kjeldahl-digested N and amino acids to eating quality of rice remain to be examined.View full abstractDownload PDF (697K) -
Yuji MATSUE, Takefumi OGATA1998 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 312-317
Published: September 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to raise highly palatable cultivars which were widely different from Koshihikari, and to establish evaluation techniques for taste, a sensory test was attempted for 36 cultivars of rice which have been cultivated in the past and are currently being cultivated in Japan. The varietal differences of overall eating-quality did not differ under different conditions such as production year, amount of fertilizer or panelists. The overall eating-quality, appearance, taste and stickiness of cooked rice for the old types of rice cultivars were inferior to those for the new types of rice cultivars. However, old rice cultivars, Rikuu132 and Asahi, showed high values for overall eating-quality and taste. Among the old and new rice cultivars, there was a proportional relationship between the coefficients of parentage (Koshihikari) and overall eating-quality. On the other hand, among the old and new rice cultivars that had a value of less than 0.5 (coefficients of parentage), there were rice cultivars with high values for overall eating-quality and taste (i.e., Sasanishiki, Komannaka, Chiyonishiki, Nakateshinsenbon, Kibinohana and Kinmaze). This leads us to believe that a highly palatable cultivar which is widely different from Koshihikari could be raised by utilizing genetic resources which have high values for overall eating-quality and taste. In addition, these results indicate that it is possible to use Rikuu132, Asahi, Sasanishiki, Domannaka, Chiyonishiki, Nakateshinsenbon, Kibinohana and Kinmaze as indicators of evaluation techniques for taste.View full abstractDownload PDF (846K) -
Shigemi AKITA, Byeong-Sung YOON, Nobuyuki KABAKI1998 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 318-322
Published: September 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRapid seed germination and higher seedling emergence under low-temperature and submerged soil conditions are desirable to stabilize the direct seeding cultivation of rice in temperate regions. This study was conducted to clarify the mechanism of relationship between embryo weight and seedling emergence rate in submerged soil at 18°C. The results were asfollows:Sixty-five percent of 158 rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) showed a higher emergence percent than 25%. Rice cultivars, which did not reach 25% emergence were mainly indica and upland rice cultivars. The averagefrequency distribution of the emergence coefficient was 0.8 in indica and 5.5 in japonica. A wide range of variation for embryo weight was observedin both groups. The range of embryo weight was 0.28-0.76mg in indica and 0.41-0.81mg in japonica. There was no significant correlation between embryo weight and emergence coefficient for the 158 rice cultivars under submerged soil conditions at 18°C. The seedling emergence of cv. Norin 6 and cv. Joshu were good under submerged soil conditions at 18°C, even though their embryo weights were light. Small embryo size with better emergence could be a suitable condition for breeding a rice cultivar with better quality. Onthe other hand, the embryo weight of one cultivar, Koshihikari, which was harvested on variable planting dates and ratoon crop ranged from 0.53 to 0.71 mg. There was no significant correlation between embryo weight and emergence coefficient of cv. Koshihikari. This result may indicate that emergence in submerged soil conditions at 18°C is regulated by some factor related to early growth rate than embryo weitht.View full abstractDownload PDF (707K) -
Hiroyasu MICHIYAMA, Hisayoshi HAYASHI1998 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 323-330
Published: September 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper reports the varietal differences of common buckwheat in shoot growth and flower development during two cropping seasons. The stem elongated vigorously at about the start of anthesis in all cultivars. The start of anthesis was earlier in summer-type cultivars (ST) than in autumn-type cultivars (AT), and during autunm cropping (AC) as compared to summer cropping (SC). But their differences were small. Anthesis started at the same node on the main stem for all cultivars and croppings, except for Miyazakizairai during SC (two nodes higher than the others). On the other hand, the differences in shoot growth and flower development after the start of anthesis were very large between ST and AT. The ST finished shoot growth and flower development about two weeks after the start of anthesis during both cropping seasons. The AT during AC also showed the same process as the ST. But the AT during SC continued stem elongation and new leaf emergence for a longer period. As a result, the AT during SC had a very long stem and many leaves. Additionally, the AT during SC showed a syncronous rate of new leaf energence and flower cluster anthesis at the rate of one leaf and one flower cluster per two days. In the others, however, the rate of new leaf emergence was the same, but the rate of new flower cluster anthesis was faster (one per one day).View full abstractDownload PDF (985K) -
Takayuki NAKANO, Masaaki OHOBA1998 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 331-336
Published: September 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBecause the trading price of low-grade tea has been sluggish, tea cultivation techniques must be aimed to increase the yield and quality primarily of the first crop, which is material of high-grade tea. In this study, the influences of the harvesting method of the second crop on the first crop in the next year were investigated in a tea field where a third crop was not harvesting method of the second crop on the first crop in the next year were investigated in a tea field where a third crop was not harvested. The early harvest of the second crop of tea decreased the number of new shoots in the first crop of the next year. Plucking at a higher position for the second crop induced a decrease in the number of new shoots and delay of new shoot growth in the first crop of the next year. So, early harvesting and plucking at a higher position for the second crop caused a decrease in the yield of the first crop in the next year. A combination of early harvesting and plucking at a higher position induced an increase in sucker shoots and flower buds in the autumn season. In tea fields where a third crop was not harvested, a lower number of new shoots would be one of the main reasons resulting in lower yield of the first crop in the next year. Thus, a late harvest and plucking at a lower position for the second crop should be necessary to ensure a sufficient number of new shoots in the first crop of the next year. A high number of new shoots will induce a high yield for the first crop.View full abstractDownload PDF (850K) -
Kuniyuki SAITOH, Mana KIMURA, Toshiro KURODA1998 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 337-341
Published: September 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy pruning the top above the 12th node of the main stem and removing all of the leaves, petioles and floral organs except that on the 12th node at the beginning of flowering, the 12th node was isolated to investigate the effect of higher assimilative supply on the sing-determining process of soybean. Treatment caused an elongation of flowering duration due to the promotion of floral differentiation at the 12th node and produced 36 floral buds, which was three times more than that of the control. Treatment also increased the differentiation of the upper racemes with compound leaves. Although the pod setting ratio increased at the first-order raceme as a result of the treatment, there was only a small difference in that on the upper racemes between the plots. The isolated node produced a seed yield threefold as compared to the control due to the increase in pod number and seed size. These results indicated that potential sink-capacity in each node of the soybean plant is extremely large and elastic, and racemes with compound leaves play an important role for the process of sink determination. A slight increase in pod setting ratio makes clear the precedence of floral differentiation in the sink adjusting process.View full abstractDownload PDF (901K) -
Katsuhiko YAMADA1998 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 342-346
Published: September 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn spite of normal appearance and germinative energy, some malting barleys become a low-quality malt. Among those barleys, there is a barley which can be stained by Amido black, a pigment for protein, when the barley is immersed in the pigment solution after dehusking treatment with 50% sulfuric acid. Under observation with a canning electron microscope, the stained part showed a honeycomb structure due to the pealed surface of the aleuron cell layer. The endosperm of such barley kernel (deembryonated half grain) showed a low reponse to gibberellin (GA3). From these results, the staining method with Amido black was found to be an easy and effective method for the detection of barley of which the aleuron layer was damaged.View full abstractDownload PDF (1553K) -
Katsunori ISOBE, Yoshio TSUBOKI1998 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 347-352
Published: September 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relationship between growth promotion by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and root morphology and phosphorus absorption were examined for upland rice (Oryza sativa L. var. Norin mochi 26), wheat (Triticum aestivum L. var. Norin 135), sorgo (Sorghum bicolor Moench var. Sweet), barley (Hordeum vulgare L. emend. Lam. var. Kashimamugi), finger millet (Eleusine coracana Gaertn. var. GBP-31), kindney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. Celina), white clovver (Trifolium repens L. var. New Zealand white), cowpea (Vigna sinensis Endl. var. Kintoki), azuki bean (Vigna angularis va. Chunagon ) and soybean (Glycine max Merr. var. Enrei). The infection rate of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in leguminous crops was higher than that in gramineous crops. Growth promotion by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation in leguminous crops was more pronounced than in gramineous crops. The lengths of root and root hair in gramineous crops were greater than those in legminous crops. The number of root hairs in gramineous crops was more than that in legminous crops. The gramineous crops have roots which are more advantageous for phosphrous absorption as compared to legminous crops. As a result, gramineous crops grew better even under condtions of low availability of phosphorus in the soil. Probably because the phosphorus absorption ability in the soil with little available phosphorus was greater for the latter crops, the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi infection rate was higher for the former crops. Therefore, the inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is more beneficial for legminous crops.View full abstractDownload PDF (882K) -
Shigenori MORITA, Masanori TOYOTA1998 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 353-357
Published: September 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn international project between the Japanese and Mexican governments on crop production is being conducted in Guerrero Negro, Baja California, Mexico. The objective of the project is to establish a production system for vegetables and fruits with drip irrigation in the desert. The root system morphologies of pepper and melon at the harvest stage were examined as one way of obtaining the goal. The root length density of pepper decreased with soil depth and repidly so below 20cm, while horizontal variation in the root distribution was relatively small. The roots of ridge-cultured melon were distributed mainly on a ridge, Many lateral roots had tumors possibly damaged by nematode. The root length densities at several coressponding sites and depth of both sides of the pepper row were statistically different depending on being with or without emitter. However, there was no significant difference in the root length densities of both sides of the melon row, although the spatial distribution of roots was apparently asymmetric. This asymmetric disribution of roots in soil may be affected by drip irrigation including the influence of fertilizers in irrigation water from the emitter. At the same time, a preliminary observation suggested that an increase in root length density was caused by accelerated root branching, depending mainly on an increase in length of lateral roots.View full abstractDownload PDF (1059K) -
Kouichi KASHIWABA, Toshiaki MATSUDA, Hideo OISHI, Nobuo CHONAN1998 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 358-365
Published: September 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe ultrastructure of the reserves mobilization in common bean cotyledon parenchyma cells during germination was investigated using scanning and transmission electron microscopes. At the first germination stage, the ultrastructural chages in cotyledon parenchyma cells were observed with the formation of small vacuoles from the protein bodies (about 5μm in diameter). These vacuoles developed to large vacuoles by fusing with each other. Large vacuoles were surrounded by developed rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and high electron-dense vesicles. During the middle germination stage, most of the parenchyma cells were filled with large vacuoles, and these cells had numerous high electron-dense vesicles and small vesicles. By obsevation with a transmission electron microscope, starch grain breakdown rapidly proceeded in amyloplasts from the middle germination stage. Additionally, the young plastids had small starch grains, and few inner membranes were observed during the middle germination stage. By the last germination stage, starch grains became smaller and eventually disappeared, and the young plastids ptogressed into mature chloroplasts. From the observations by scanning and transmission electron microscopes, the developed RER system, developed large vacuoles and numerous small vesicles seem to closely related to the protein breakdown during the germination of common bean seed. In addition, starch breakdown proceeded to the last from the middle germination stage. The newly formed plastids with developed inner membranes were observed in the cotyledon with starch breakdown.View full abstractDownload PDF (5357K) -
Satoru SAGAWA1998 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 366-372
Published: September 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of reflected light from the ground, using reflection sheets, on the seed yield and photosynthetic rates of middle and lower leaves of soybean canopy were investigated. The cultivar Suzukari was grown at three different planting desities in the field (i.e., 14.3(10cm plot), 9.5(15cm plot) and 5.7 (25cm plot) plants m<-2>). The light reflection treatment was carreied out from the floral bud differentiation stage to maturity by covering the field ground between rows with reflective sheets. Seed yields increased in both 15 and 25 cm plots as the result of reflection treatment. It depended on the number of pods and seeds at nodes lower than the 9th node. In the 10 cm plot, the number of pods increased at lower nodes, however, the total yield did not increase. Light intensities increased slightly between plants within a row on the cloudy day, however, it increased considerably between rows on both fine and cloudy days in both the 15 and 25 cm plots. The photosynthetic rates of middle and lower leaves on the main stem increased in all planting densities as the result of reflection treatment. During the period from flowering to the pod formation stage, CGR increased as the result of reflection treatment mainly due to the incrase in LAI. Whereas, during the period from pod formation to the seed development stage, CGR increased as the result of reflection treatment mainly due to the increase in NAR.View full abstractDownload PDF (971K) -
Yuichi NAGAYA, Masakazu YASUO, Tetsuro TANIYAMA1998 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 373-378
Published: September 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInvisible injury caused by air pollution is known to make photosynthesis decrease, and thus yields decrease. The purpose of this investigation was to make clear the effects of sulfur dioxide on winter cereals, which included 4 spcies and 67 cultivars. Sulfur dioxide was supplied at the rate of 2.6mg SO2m-3 (about 1.0 ppm v/v)for 30 min and then displaced with clean air for 30 min. The aparent photosynthetic rate of individual plants was continuously measured at the booting stage of each cultivar. In all plants, apparent photosynthetic rates were depressed by the application of sulfur dioxide. The magnitude of the of the depression in apparent photosynthesis was observed in the following order : naked barley, 45.6%>wheat, 38.6%>six-rowed barley, 31.5%>two-rowed barley, 28.4%. Nearly 90% of recovery in apparent photosynthesis was observed for all entries. In conclusion, injurious effects of sulfur dioxide on apparent photosynthesis were different among species of winter cereals. Naked barley was most susceptible to SO2 stress, and two-rowed barley was most tolerant.View full abstractDownload PDF (889K) -
Young Hwan YOON, Akihiro ISODA, Hiroshi NOJIMA, Yasuo TAKASAKI1998 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 379-383
Published: September 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn experiment was designed to know the differences in growth and translocation between Oryza glaberrima Steud. and Oryza sativa L. Two strains of O.glaberrima and two cultivars of O.sativa were used. They were grown in pots and under flooding condition. Growth was recorded from before heading. At heading and thereafter every week, one plant of each strain or cultivar was transferred into an assimilating chamber controlled at 45klux and 30°C and treated with 13CO2 for one hour. The plant was sampled after 48 hours. The 13C ratio of each plant part was determined. Heading period (days from the first panicle emergence to 50% heading) was longer for O.glaberrima than O.sativa. The life span of leaves at the same position was shorter for O.glaberrima than O.sativa. O.glaberrima completed their dry matter accumulation to panicles in earlier stage of ripening compared to O.sativa. The 13C ratio of the panicles of O.glaberrima was greatest one week after heading, and that of O.sativa was greatest 3 or 4 weeks after heading. These results justify the facts that dry matter accumulation to panicles of O.glaberrima was great in the early stage and very little in the late stage of ripening, while that of O.sativa was great even in the late stage of ripening.View full abstractDownload PDF (766K) -
Teruo ARASE, Naoto INOUE1998 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 384-391
Published: September 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStrains of yabumame (Amphicarpaea edgeworthii Benth.), an edible resource of geocarpic wild legume, were collected from various stands in Japan and grown to investigate the geographic variations in its flowering and ripening behaviors. Northern strains needed fewer days after sowing to flower. The flowering period lasted longer for northern strains, where the duration varied among strains. Significantly negative correlation existed between days after sowing to flowering and flowering duration. The average 1.000-seed weight including all strains was 22g for aerial seeds and 143g for subterranean seeds. The former was a hard seed since scratching the seed coat increased the germination percentage sharply, whereas the latter germinated at high percentage without any pretreatment. The 1, 000-seed weight did not correlate with the latitude of home habitat. Subterranean pod including 2 mature seeds, twin bean, was produced at a higher probability in the case of the strains which had a heavier 1, 000-seed weight. The degree of subterranean seed to the total of its number and weight correlated vaguely to the latitude of each strains's home habitat. The deviation of the rate among strains was wider in southern strains.View full abstractDownload PDF (1084K) -
Teruo ARASE, Naoto INOUE1998 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 392-400
Published: September 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo elucidate the relationship between the seed production of yabumame (amphicarpaea edgeworthii Benth.) and the micro-envivronment of its habitat, vegetation and external leaf morphology (leaf color, leaf area, density of pubescence, and pulvinus color) were investigated for indicating indirectly the latter. In addition, the association between taxonomic groups and seed production was reviewed since leaf morphologies were criteria for the taxonomy of varieties in A.edgeworthii. A stand of each strain's home habitat was surveyed by ordination concept based upon the biological spectrum. Degree of succession (DS) was calculated from the spectrum of Raunkiaer's dormancy form. Most of the stands were kept at rather intensely disturbed states so that the DS was between 5 and 10. The percentage of rosette species was calculated in each stand from the spectrum of growth form. Among the stands, 0.15 to 0.30 of the percentage was outstanding. This percentage had a significant negative correlation with 1, 000-seed weight. The leaf morphologies were vaguely associated with vegetation and seed production. It was confirmed that distributions of strains of thinly pubescent, blackish-purple pulvinused leaves with grayish-green backs were geographically localized. Since this pattern was similar to what had been reported for A.edgeworthii var. trisperma, it appeared that the leaf traits were the criteria by which the varieties were judged. As we failed to correlate those leaf traits with seed production, it is not considered to be possible to use the differences in geocarpic seed production as their traits of the 2 varieties.View full abstractDownload PDF (1172K) -
Haruhiko YAMAMOTO, Hitoshi HONJO, Fukuya KAMOTA, Yoshihisa SUZUKI, Sei ...1998 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 401-406
Published: September 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe tried to construct a simple integrated tube-type pyranometer using phycoerythrin from seaweed pigment. The maximum sensitive waveband of phycoerythrin was 550nm∼560nm, and this waveband was in the photosynthetically active radiation range. The acrylic tubes (outside diameter, 22mm.length, 100cm) were spread with white paints except for a strip 15mm in width, and phycoerythrin was put into the acrylic tube. In the results from the outdoor measurements, the tube-type pyranometer showed a positive correlation between the transmittance of phycoerythrin (%) and the measured accumulated solar radiation (MJm-2), but the slope of the linear equation was different in summer and winter. In an artificial climate room, the ralationship between the transmittance of phycoerythrin and the accumulated solar radiation could be approximated by a quadratic equation at every temperature. In the measurements made outdoors, the accumulated solar radiation could be estimated using the transmittance of phycoerythrin and the mean air temperature during measurements.View full abstractDownload PDF (1023K) -
Yoshio YAMADA, Shun-ichi YABUKI, Mitsuyasu GHOMA1998 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 407-409
Published: September 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe wastewater from seed disinfecting, which precedes to the raising of rice seedlings, has a problem in terms of environmental pollution. The authors therefore examined a way of management to spray wastewater containing two fungicides (2×10-2 strength of pefurazoate/ oxolinic acid) and an insecticide (10-3 strength of fenitrothion) on the soil in nursery boxes. With the dilution rates of 0, 2, 5, 10 or 20 times, there was no appreciable effect on emergence. However, seedling growth, especially root extension, was suppressed at dilution rates lower than 10 times. By considering the root-mat formation in nursery boxes and the ease of handling rice transplanters, the practical dilution rate was 20 times. This initial negative effect was not sustained in further growth after transplanting. During this treatment, the concentration of fenitrothion would decrease to far lower than the environmental quality standard of Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (552K) -
Toshio TAIRA1998 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 410-412
Published: September 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Toshio TAIRA1998 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 413-415
Published: September 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Hideki TSUDA, Junichi AGEMATSU1998 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 416-418
Published: September 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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[in Japanese]1998 Volume 67 Issue 3 Pages 419-424
Published: September 05, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (985K)
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