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Volume 54 (1985)
- Issue 4 Pages 311-
- Issue 3 Pages 195-
- Issue 2 Pages 111-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 54, Issue 3
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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Akihiro NOSE, Shinichi MATAKE, Kiyomatsu MIYAZATO, Seiichi MURAYAMA1985 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 195-204
Published: August 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Takeshi IKEDA1985 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 205-209
Published: August 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present experiments were conducted with an aim to obtain higher percentages of seedling emergence and establishment by sowing the germinated seeds than by direct sowing in the field. By this new method it is possible to lessen the labor needed for transplanting. A series of experiments with soybean (Glycine max cultivar. Enrei) were carried out on the field nursery beds. The results obtained are summarized as follows : (1)When seeds were put on so as to direct the hilum to the valley parts of the filter paper folded up in V-shape, seed germination became considerably promoted. The highest germinability was obtained when water depth was maintained at about one-fourth of the seed height (seed width in practice) (Fig. 1). (2)Assuming the percentage of seedling establishment being 100% by transplanting the seedlings raised in paper pots, those of germinated seeds and of direct sowing were 92% and 73%, respectively (Fig. 3). (3)The percentages of seedling establishment by sowing germinated seeds dried out on the filter paper in the laboratory did not decrease conspicuously within about one week, but thereafter it decreased so rapidly. Those of the germinated seeds stored under refrigeration were higher than those of air-dried ones in the laboratory within the same period (Fig. 5). (4)The percentages of seedling establishment by sowing the germinated seeds submerged in water during 1, 2 and 3 days were 83%, 44% and 10%, respectively (Fig. 6). (5)More uniform seedlings can be obtained when shallow planted at the depth of 1-3 cm than 5-6 cm under field conditions (Fig. 7).View full abstractDownload PDF (585K) -
Eiji TSUZUKI, Yoshiaki MURAKAMI, Shojiro SHIDA1985 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 210-219
Published: August 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of the present investigation was to make clear inheritance of high protein property and to obtain the informations on breeding of high protein rice variety. Parents used were a high protein variety "Brimful" (scented rice from Nepal) and a Japanese ordinary rice variety "Koshihikari". A cross was carried out in 1977 and progenies of F2, F3, F4 and F5 were grown from 1978 to 1981. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. The distribution in F2 and F3 populations of protein content was monomodal and symmetric. Mean of F2 population was located between a low protein parent and mid parent values (Fig. 1). It was suggested that high protein property was controlled by a number of multiple genes or polygenes. 2. The narrow sense heritability of protein content was estimated based on the variance and co-variance of F2 and F3 populations and the value was 0.589. 3. Regarding to the relation between protein content and agronomic characters, the results from F3 and F5 populations showed that the high protein property was not linked with agronomic characters and flavor in grains (Tables 2, 4 and 9). 4. As compared with F3 and F4 populations, F5 was high in mean value of protein content and also decreased in the genetic variance of protein (Tables 1, 3 and 8). The facts may be suggested that high protein property showed the tendency of genetic fixation in F5 generation. 5. In each of the F4 and F5 generations, significant difference was observed among the lines in lysine and threonine contents per dry weight, and the lines were far better than Koshihikari (Tables 5 and 10). But, there were not in the contents per protein. 6. Significant correlation was observed between protein content and lysine, threonine and methionine contents per dry weight in F4 and F5 populations (Tables 6 and 11). But, no correlation was observed per protein. 7. The promising lines which have high protein and also relatively good agronomic characters were selected based on the measured results in F5 population (Table 12).View full abstractDownload PDF (909K) -
Choji KAWASHIMA1985 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 220-225
Published: August 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn previous papers, the author made clear that the number of shoot units without crown roots differed among rice cultivars which had the different number of leaves on the main stem and that this difference closely related to the difference in the finishing time of crown roots elongation. Therefore, several investigations were conducted to elucidate the causal factors concerning the difference of the number of shoot units without crown roots among rice cultivars having the different number of leaves on the main stem. As is seen generally, no crown roots were observed in the shoot unit with an elongated internode. This was also true in the case that the shoot unit with an elongated internode was put deeply in soil by transplanting. As for the shoot unit with a non-elongated internode, however, crown roots appeared even in the case that it existed above the soil surface as well as in soil. From these results, it is considered that crown roots appearance is not affected by whether the shoot unit exists above the soil surface or in soil, but is determined by whether its internode is an elongated one or not. Reproductive growth did not seem to inhibit the appearance of crown roots so strongly as the internode elongation did. In every rice cultivar having the different number of leaves on the main stem, the reproductive growth phase took place when the fourth leaf, that was countered basipetally from the flag leaf, began to appear. On the other hand, the more the number of leaves or the main stem of the rice cultivar concerned were, the sooner the internode elongation began after the commencement of the reproductive growth phase and the more the number of elongated internodes were. So, such the difference in the number of elongated internodes as this is thought to concern the difference of the number of shoot units without crown roots among rice cultivars which have the different number of leaves on the main stem.View full abstractDownload PDF (695K) -
Shigekazu HAYASHI, Kikuo KUMAZAWA1985 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 226-234
Published: August 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of pyruvate, citrate, succinate and glycolate on the incorporation of 15NH4 and 15NO3 into amino acids and amides, and on the amino acid contents were studied by using the seedlings of Norin No. 41 of rice. 1. Effect of organic acids on the incorporation of 15N from 15NH4Cl or Na15NO3 into amino acids and amides (Figs. 1 and 2). In the root, glutamic acid in 15NH4-feeding case and glutamine in 15NO3-feeding one were the most strongly labelled. The incorporation of 15N into amino acids and amides tested was decreased by the organic acid treatments in both cases of ammonium and nitrate. In the top, glutamine, glutamic acid and aspartic acid were relatively strongly labelled with 15N from both the 15NH4- and 15NO3-feedings. The effect of organic acids on the incorporation of 15N into amino acids and amides was decreased in the 155NO3-feeding, but it was not found in the 15NH4-feeding. In the endosperm, the incorporation of 15NH4 into glutamine was increased by the treatment with organic acids. 2. Effect of organic acids on the contents of amino acids and amides (Tables 2, 3, 4 and 5). In the root, the contents of amino acids and amides were increased by the treatment with organic acids in the NH4-feeding, but not in the NO3-feeding. In the top, the amounts of aspartic and glutamic acid were increased by the organic acid treatments in the NH4-feeding, but no the remarkable differences on the contents of amino acids and amides were found in NO3-feeding. In the endosperm, the effects of organic acid treatments to produce these nitrogenous compounds scarcely were found.View full abstractDownload PDF (848K) -
Satoshi AOKI1985 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 235-240
Published: August 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo measure the content of glucose, sucrose, starch and free amino acids, the method using immobilized enzyme membranes and H2O2 electrode was investigated. From tea powder, each substrate was extracted with distilled water at 60°C for 1-2 hr. Sucrose and starch were converted to β-D-glucose by invertase, mutarotase and amyloglucosidase, respectively. By immobilized glucose oxidase and amino acid oxidase, glucose and free amino acids reacted with O2 and formed H2O2 of which content was measured with H2O2 electrode. When values of carbohydrates content obtained from immobilized enzyme method were compared with those obtained from the modified method of MURAYAMA et al, correlation coefficients of glucose, sucrose and starch were 0.962 (n=9), 0.991 (n=13) and 0.971 (n=10), respectively. Correlation coefficients of free amino acids contents between immobilized enzyme method and ninhydrin method were 0.999 (n=4) in different organs and 0.725 (n=20) in different varieties. The immobilized enzyme method showed some characteristics as follows; 1)Compared to HANES method that is based on chemical reactions, this method is highly specific to substrates and shows linearity in relative wide range. 2)Owing to the specificity to substrates, samples can be extracted with hot water, resulting in a simple mamuplation. 3)By using enzymes immobilized to membrane, the amount of H2O2 formed from each substrate is easily measured. 4)Fructose cannot be, however, measured by this method. These results show that the immobilized enzyme method is useful to study physiological changes in these metabolites.View full abstractDownload PDF (606K) -
Joji ARIHARA, Kazuyuki WATANABE1985 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 241-247
Published: August 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Prasert SONGMUANG, Somsak LUANGSIRORAT, Wittaya SEETANUN, Chob KANAREU ...1985 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 248-252
Published: August 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Kazuyoshi TAKEDA1985 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 253-260
Published: August 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMany researchers have reported that unsuitable ripening conditions such as low temperature, drought, shading, or fertilizer deficiency lead to grain notching of rice. In this study the mechanism of grain notching has been re-investigated from a view point of temperature effect on the caryopsis elongation. As the caryopsis of rice plant develops encased in floral glumes, the size and shape of the caryopsis are restricted by the floral glumes. However, it has been clarified that the caryopsis is capable of elongating longer than the floral glumes in general, and that the varieties in which the potential volume of the caryopsis far exceeds the capacity of floral glumes tend to produce such mulformed grains as notched or hull-cracked ones. In this study, for allowing full growth of the potential length of caryopsis (T1), upper parts of the floral glumes on two or three panicles of each plant were clipped off three days after anthesis, and these panicles were protected by parchment bags. The rest of panicles were kept untreated to determine the natural length of caryopsis (C1) which developed within the floral glumes. Seven rice cultivars (Table 1) were grown in pots and kept outdoors until heading time. Thereafter, they were divided into three lots and moved to phytotrons in which the temperature was maintained high (33/23°C), medium (28/18°C) or low (23/13°C), and grown under 30, 000 lux artificial light for 14 hours a day. Humidity was regulated to 70-80% and 85-95% during the light and dark period, respectively. As shown in Table 2, actual temperature inside the floral glumes and parchment bag was a little higher than ambient air temperature under illumination. Twenty-30 caryopses were sampled every, other day and measured to give growth curves for T1 and C1. Several growth parameters were estimated according to Robertson's equation. At maturity, rest of materials were harvested to examine seed fertility, notched grain percentage, and the size and shape of the caryopses. The result of present investigation has indicated followings : Although the growth late of C1 is lowered under low temperature, the maximum value of C1 is not different with temperature conditions, because C1 is restricted by the scope of floral glumes. As shown in Fig. 2, C1 reaches to its ceiling at 7 days (at high temp.), 9 days (at medium temp.) and 11 days (at low temp.) after anthesis. Under low temperature condition the growth rate of T1 is reduced, but because the growth duration is extended, the final length of T1 is the longest. Thus, the unbalance between the potential length of caryopsis and the capacity of floral glumes, or T1/C1 is higher under low temperature condition. Notched grain percentage increases under low temperature condition, and as shown in Fig. 3, it correlates with T1/C1 ratio. From these observations it may be concluded that under low temperature condition T1 shows excessive elongation, which leads to stronger unbalance between T1 and C1. When T1 is much longer than C1, the longitudinal development of caryopsis is restricted by floral glumes resulting in grain notching.View full abstractDownload PDF (930K) -
Katsumi INADA1985 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 261-272
Published: August 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Bui Chi TRUNG, Shigekata YOSHIDA1985 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 266-272
Published: August 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Shinobu INANAGA, Atsuhiko KUMURA, Hiroshi INA, Kohsei TSUNODA1985 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 273-277
Published: August 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present work is an attempt to evaluate the effect of dry matter production during the period from the beginning of flowering to maturity on the number of pods in a rape plant (Brassica napus L.) cv. Norin No. 16 grown in a field. The amount of dry matter production were changed by leaf cutting (at the beginning of flowering) and shading (from the beginning of flowering to maturity). The following results were obtained : 1. The number of pods per plant increased with the increment of total dry weight per plant during the period from the beginning of flowering to maturity (Fig. 1). 2. The increment of number of pods per plant depended mainly on those of the number of inflorescences of secondary branches and of the number of pods per inflorescence of each kind of branch (Figs. 2 and 4). 3. The number of inflorescences of secondary branches in each primary branch increased with the increment of total dry weight per plant (Fig. 3). 4. In each node order, the number of pods per inflorescence attached to primary or secondary branches increased with the increment of total dry weight per plant (Fig. 5 and Table 2). 5. The pods formed by dry matter production during the period from the beginning of flowering to maturity were estimated to be about 75% of the total number of pods per plant and 50% of the total number of pods per inflorescence (Figs. 1 and 4).View full abstractDownload PDF (595K) -
Tetsuo MATSUMOTO, Shigekata YOSHIDA1985 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 278-280
Published: August 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Sueo ENOMOTO, Katsuo OHYAMA1985 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 281-282
Published: August 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Taka MURAKAMI1985 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 283-284
Published: August 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Shigekazu HAYASHI, Kikuo KUMAZAWA1985 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 285-287
Published: August 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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[in Japanese]1985 Volume 54 Issue 3 Pages 297-303
Published: August 10, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (873K)
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