All issues
Volume 60, Issue 4
Displaying 1-20 of 20 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Yukindo TSUNO, Takeshi YAMAGUCHI, Osamu OMOJI, Kouichi KAI1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 475-483
Published: December 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRice plants (cv. Yamabiko) were cultivated in paddy field with different manure levels and were tested for variation in stomatal aperture by the infiltration method using a mixed solution of ethylene glycol and iso-butanol. The relationship between climatic condition and stomatal aperture for the top-expanded and second leaves during the period from booting to ripening was investigated in 1988. In 1989 the relationship between the daytime stomatal aperture and leaf color of the upper four leaves from booting to ripening under varying manure leaves was investigated. When solar radiation (W) was below 520 Wm-2, stomatal aperture (A) could be expressed by the following empirical equation : A=0.0108W (0.19c-0.40), where c is the index of greeness according to the FUJI leaf-color scale, which divides leaf color into seven stages from dark green to yellowish green. Under high solar radiation of above 520 Wm-2 at around noon, A was controlled by two factors, the saturation deficit (d) and leaf color. Therefore, the empirical equation is as follows : A=0.93c-0.18d. It was concluded that when the saturation deficit is low, greenish leaves are capable of maintaining a wider stomatal opening than yellowish green leaves. There was a higher correlation between leaf nitrogen concentration and the index of leaf greeness at the ripening stage than at the young panicle formation stage.View full abstractDownload PDF (948K) -
Koh-ichiro ASANUMA, Michio OKUMURA1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 484-489
Published: December 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of three sowing times, from May 30 to July 20, on growth, dry matter production and seed production, were investigated in 1982 and 1983 using two soybean ecotypic cultivars, autumn and medium. 1. With a delay in sowing time, the number of days from sowing to flowering and to maturation was reduced. The stem length, the number of nodes and branches, and LAI were also decreased. 2. The productive structure at the pod-setting stage showed more photosynthetic organs in the autumn type and in plants sown earlier than in the medium type or those sown later. The light transmission coefficient (K) showed a negative correlation with SLA. 3. Such growth parameters as RGR, NAR and CGR, progressed in similar patterns, regardless of the cultivar or sowing time, but the decreases during later growth stages were more rapid with a delay in sowing time. 4. Seed yield was reduced with a delay in sowing time, resulting from the reduction in the number of pods and seeds. There was also accompanying decrease in biomass. 5. Judging from the results, a medium type cultivar, Kan-nari No. 1, did not respond enough to differences in sowing time that we easily can select an optimum time for sowing. On the other hand, the autumn type cultivar, Akiyoshi, has an optimum sowing time in warmer districts in Japan of around late June.View full abstractDownload PDF (664K) -
Yuji MATSUE, Kazue MIZUTA, Kumi FURUNO, Tomohiko YOSHIDA1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 490-496
Published: December 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was undertaken to find the effects of transplanting time and lodging time on palatability, protein content, amylose content and amylographic characteristics of milled rice in northern Kyushu. The palatability was low when time of transplanting was late, especially when planted on July 5. The range of variation in physicochemical properties due to different transplanting times was wide. Protein content and amylose content increased in the late transplants. They were especially high for plants planted on July 5. Maximum viscosity and breakdown values decreased with late transplanting. It was estimated that the deterioration of palatability by late-season culture was due to the increase of protein and amylose content and the decrease of maximum viscosity and breakdown values. Lodging about 5 days before maturing did not influence palatability. In addition protein content, amylose content and amylographic characteristics did not change. But lodging at early stages worsened the palatability. Under that condition, protein content and amylose content increased and maximum viscosity and breakdown values decreased. It was estimated that lodging time affected the palatability through changes in protein content, amylose content and amylographic characteristics.View full abstractDownload PDF (750K) -
Yuji MATSUE, Kazue MIZUTA, Kumi FURUNO, Tomohiko YOSHIDA1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 497-503
Published: December 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was undertaken to study the effect of harvest time on palatability, protein content, amylose content and amylographic characteristics of milled rice in northern Kyushu. (1) The palatability of rice harvested before or after then maturation was lower than that harvested at maturation. The protein content and amylose content increased and maximum viscosity and breakdown values decreased with earlier harvesting. It was estimated that early harvesting affected the palatability due to changes in the protein and amylose content and amylographic characteristics. (2) Palatability also was lowered by late harvesting. Cultivars tested could be divided into 4 groups ; high-palatability cultivars with less deterioration from late harvesting ; high-palatability cultivars with much deterioration ; low-palatability cultivars with less deterioration ; and low-palatability cultivars with much deterioration. Physicochemical properties changed with late harvesting, but no relationship between physicochemical properties and palatability was found. (3) Some cultivars showed less variation in palatability and physicochemical properties with different harvest times.View full abstractDownload PDF (649K) -
Tatsuro HIROSE, Shuuji HOSHI, Hiroshi MIYAKE, Tsumugu TOTSUKA1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 504-509
Published: December 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCyclic changes in the net photosynthetic rate and the transpiration rate were observed in peanut leaves. Both rates changed synchronously with a period of approximately 50 min. The variations in the cyclic changes of the photosynthetic rate and the transpiration rate were large (0-30 mgCO2·dm-2·h-1 and 0.1-3.0 gH2O·dm-2·h-1 respectively). Cyclic change in the transpiration rate in leaves was synchronized over the whole plant. These results suggest that cyclic change in stomatal aperture, often called stomatal oscillation, is responsible for the cyclic changes in the photosynthetic and transpiration rates. Change in intercellular CO2 concentration due to the change in photosynthetic activity of mesophyll cells is not a probable cause of the stomatal oscillation because oscillatory transpiration was sustained in low CO2 air. When the transpiration of the leaves outside the leaf chamber was suppressed, the stomatal oscillation of the remaining leaves was diminished. This implies there is a relationship between the water status of the leaves and the occurrence of stomatal oscillation. Simultaneous measurement of whole-plant transpiration and water absorption revealed the oscillation of water absorption rate occurred which 10-20 min behind the oscillation of the transpiration rate. Oscillation of the water balance of the plant, calculated from the difference between rates of water absorption and transpiration, was also observed. This seemed to be caused by the time lag in water absorption. These results suggest that the stomatal oscillation of peanut leaves is caused by the whole plant oscillation of water balance due to the low capacity of water supply relative to transpiration.View full abstractDownload PDF (727K) -
Fumitake KUBOTA, Waichi AGATA, Masahiro MOROKUMA1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 510-514
Published: December 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe leaf epidermis of sweet potato, Ipomoea batatus Lam., was peeled to make a direct measurement of photosynthetic rate of mesophyll tissue without stomatal regulation, using the assimilation chamber method. Before peeling the epidermis. transparent tape was affixed on the upper side of the leaf in order to reinforce its physical strength. Then highly adhesive cloth tape was affixed on the lower side of leaf. When the cloth tape was removed from the leaf, the lower epidermis was peeled off with it without damaging the mesophyll tissue. The peeled area was a little larger than 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm. Photosynthetic rates of the leaf, before and after peeling, were measured using a portable assimilation chamber. Photosynthetic rate in peeled leaf was much higher than in unpeeled leaf. The rate of photosynthetic increase, however, was different, depending on the stomatal aperture and photosynthetic rate measured before epidermal peeling. In general, the higher increase rates were found in leaves with smaller stomatal aperture. This suggests that the mesophyll tissue may retain a considerably high photosynthetic potential even if the stomata are closed. There was a rectangular hyperbolic relationship between effect of epidermal peeling (photosynthetic rate of peeled/unpeeled leaf) and stomatal conductance determined before epidermal peeling, and a clear changing point was found in the stomatal limitation to gas exchange ; the peeling was greatly effective at the stomatal conductance below 0.2mol m-2s-1, and almost ineffective above 0.2mol m-2s-1View full abstractDownload PDF (665K) -
Hui-lian XU, Tohru YAMAGISHI, Yoshiharu WADA, Ryuichi ISHII, Atsuhiko ...1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 515-522
Published: December 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of soil water deficit, low air humidity and in combination were examined at the milky stage under controlled conditions. Low air humidity which plants experienced prior to measurement affected leaf photosynthesis in a manner different from effects of soil water deficit, in regard of the order of depression extent among leaves, i.e., photosynthetic depression by soil water deficit was in the order of flag leaf < 2nd leaf < 3rd leaf, while that by low air humidity, flag leaf > 2nd leaf < 3rd leaf. Stomatal (gs) and mesophyll (gm) conductances for CO2 diffusion, and Rubisco content varied in parallel with photosynthesis, though there was one exception. It was suggested that the above-mentioned responses of photosynthesis were caused by the corresponding depression in stomatal aperture and photosynthetic activity of mesophyll. Among the three leaves examined, little difference was observed in decrease of leaf water potential (ψ) caused by soil water deficit, while the decrease in ψ by precedent low air humidity was especially large in the flag leaf. The lower the leaf position, the larger the sensitivity of gs, gm, and Ribisco content to decrease in ψ was. Thus, difference in the extent of photosynthetic depression by soil water deficit among the uppermost three leaves was attributed mainly to different sensitivity to decrease in ψ, while that by dry air was attributed to the difference in the extent of decrease of ψ in addition to sensitivity differences. The effect of low soil water and low air humidity on photosynthesis seemed to be additive when combined.View full abstractDownload PDF (827K) -
Tetsuo SATAKE1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 523-528
Published: December 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCooling treatments at different stages of pollen development lowered the percentage of fertilized spikelets through decreasing the number of engorged pollen grains per anther at anthesis. Cooling during the period from anther differentiation to the tetrad phase decreased the number of engorged pollen grains mainly by decreasing the number of differentiated microspores. Cooling in the period from the early microspore phase to the late microspore phase, however, decreased the number of engorged pollen grains primarily by increasing the number of aborted microspores. Cooling at the young microspore stage, which consists of the two phases of the tetrad and the early microspore phase, caused the largest decrease in the number of engorged pollen grains, resulting in the largest decrease in the percentage of fertilization. Cooling at the tetrad phase caused the largest decrease in the number of differentiated microspores, resulting in the largest decrease in the number of engorged pollen grains. On the other hand, cooling at the early microspore phase caused the largest increase in the number of aborted microspores, resulting in the largest decline in the number of engorged pollen grains. These results indicate that the highest susceptibility to coolness of anthers at the young microspore stage, which has been estimated as the percentage of fertilized spikelets, is caused by the high susceptibility to coolness of the differentiation and development of microspores.View full abstractDownload PDF (675K) -
Yoshiharu WADA, Genshichi WADA1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 529-536
Published: December 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe study has been carried out to evaluate varietal difference in leaf senescence during the ripening period in relation to sink size and nitrogen application. Leaf senescence was early in the medium-duration lines. Among the short-duration types, there were both early and late aging lines. The medium-duration lines had larger leaf area and higher sink sizes at the anthesis than short-duration types. The pattern of leaf area reduction during the ripening period in the short duration line, with relatively higher sink size, was almost similar with that in the medium-duration lines. However, in the short-duration lines with relatively small sink size, no significant leaf area reduction was observed until two weeks after the anthesis, and then the leaf area began to decrease rapidly in these lines. Decrease in leaf area during the ripening period varied with the rate of basal nitrogen (N). Higher basal N increased the rate of leaf area reduction by increasing the sink size. On the other hand, N-topdressing at the anthesis decreased the rate of leaf area reduction during the ripening period. Likewise, the reduction in sink size as imposed by removal of spikelets decreased the rate of leaf area reduction during the ripening period. Significant correlation coefficients between the sink size and the amount of N remobilized from leaves to panicles, and between the decrease in leaf area and the amount of N remobilized from leaves to panicles were observed. Therefore, the decrease in the leaf area during the ripening period is mainly governed by the amount of N remobilized from leaves to panicles, which is affected by the N requirement of grains for ripening and the amount of N absorbed during this period.View full abstractDownload PDF (791K) -
Yuji MATSUE, Kazue MIZUTA, Tomohiko YOSHIDA1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 537-542
Published: December 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChanges in the eating quality of nine cultivars of rice, including Koshihikari, Nipponbare, and some recently developed varieties, after storage for about one year at room temperature were studied. Though there was varietal difference, the palatability of all cultivars deteriorated with storage. The palatability of stored Koshihikari rice was almost the same as that of new-crop Nipponbare. The deterioration in palatability was due to the deterioration of the appearance, taste and stickiness of the cooked rice. Cultivars with a high palatable new crop showed a relatively high palatability for stored rice. The palatability of stored rice was generally poor for the cultivars with a high free fatty acid content. Changes in amylographic characteristics were not related to the deterioration of the palatability of stored rice.View full abstractDownload PDF (591K) -
Tomomi NAKAMOTO, Kazuo SHIMODA, Akio MATSUZAKI1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 543-549
Published: December 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe elongation direction of nodal roots is a key parameter analyzing the root distribution of cereal crops. Elongation angle, which is represented by degrees of deflection from the vertical (plant axis), was measured on the nodal roots that appeared from each internode of isolated individuals of maize (cv. Gold-dent 1106, cv. Nagano 1) and foxtail millet (cv. Toranoo, cv. Rikuu 8). A greater or lesser elongation angle implies that a nodal root elongates in a more horizontal or vertical derection, respectively. In maize, the elongation angle was less on nodal roots that appeared from upper internodes than on those from lower internodes. In foxtail millet, the elongation angle of nodal roots was conspicuously great on middle internodes. Along the axis of a nodal root, the elongation angle of foxtail millet increased nearest the base and decreased towards the tip. It is clear that the degree of plagiogravitropism of the nodal roots of both maize and foxtail millet varies according to internode number. Some distinct differences were observed between cultivars in root distribution patterns in soil as well as in the elongation angle, that is, the maize and foxtail millet cultivars whose nodal roots had lesser elongation angles developed a vertically orientated root system. The elongation angle of nodal roots is an useful parameter for characterizing the shape of a rooting zone in soil.View full abstractDownload PDF (622K) -
Salak PHANSIRI, Takeshi TANIGUCHI, Eizo MAEDA1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 550-557
Published: December 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study is intended to analyze the early response of protoplasts isolated from soybean suspension cells to electrofusion. It was observed by light microscopy that protoplasts formed a pearl chain-like structure after AC application, started to fuse after. DC pulse application and became round-shaped cells within five to fifteen minutes. Electron micrographs showed that after giving DC electric pulses, the originally smooth surface of some protoplasts became rugged. This structural change was observed mainly on the contact areas or opposite sides of two protoplasts. Then, fusion started at the narrow areas on the surface membrane of protoplasts in contact with one other. Next the fusion area increased and the cell components mixed slowly. Finally, the fusion bodies became round. Based on the above results we believe that the fusion process consists of five steps : adhesion of protoplasts, deformation of protoplast surfaces, fusion in narrow areas, progress of fusion between protoplasts and formation of round-shaped fusion bodies.View full abstractDownload PDF (2549K) -
Hiroshi HASEGAWA, Tadao KON, Yasuhiro KONO1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 558-565
Published: December 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlthough root system of japonica/indica F1 hybrids of rice (Oryza sativa L.) must play an important role for expression of heterosis, few studies have been conducted. This study was carried out to evaluate how the function of root system in japonica/indica F1 rice hybrids is related to heterosis for shoot growth. Two F1 hybrids grown in culture solution for 45 days after sowing and F1 hybrid cultured in soil-filled pots till full ripening were compared with parents. Shoot dry weight of F1 hybrids was greater than that of parents when their stem and nodal root numbers were similar to those of parents. Heterobeltiosis for shoot dry weight reached the maximum 180 when the F1 hybrid surpassed parents in the stem and nodal root numbers. F1 hybrids were the same as one or both parents in S/R ratio, but dry weight of a single nodal root of F1 hybrids exceeded that of parents in most cases. Moreover, nitrogen uptake rate of a single nodal root (Nno) as well as leaf area and shoot dry weight of a single nodal root in F1 hybrids was greater than those in parents during vegetative growth. Nitrogen uptake rate per root system dry weight (Ndw), however, was much the same. These results strongly suggest that in japonica/indica F1 hybrids, more photosynthate is partitioned to each nodal root, so that this enhances its function and consequently, the entire root system.View full abstractDownload PDF (828K) -
Shan-Ben WANG, Kiyochika HOSHIKAWA1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 566-573
Published: December 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify the reason why breaking occurs at the special breaking position (BP) within the broken internode, morphological characteristics of BP were compared with those of other areas within the same internode. In the broken internode of lodging-susceptible cultivars, hardness of the internode (IN) and dry matter accumulation was lowest at BP. It seems that the two apparent tendencies are partly due to the increase in the flattening of internode of the area by tight wrapping of the leaf sheath, the decrease in both the thickness and the supplementary strengthening efficiency of the leaf sheath in this area. All these aspects together indicate that BP is the weakest area of the internode which results from the shortcomings of both the internode and the leaf sheath in the area. These results illustrate the reason why BP has the lowest breaking strength in this area which leads to breakage.View full abstractDownload PDF (873K) -
Kazuyuki WATANABE1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 574-575
Published: December 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (364K) -
Akihiro IBI, Tetsumi MATSUO, Jun INOUYE1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 576-577
Published: December 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (366K) -
Yoshio INOUE, Kazuo IWASAKI1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 578-580
Published: December 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (383K) -
Yasuko AMANO, Takeshi TANIGUCHI, Eizo MAEDA1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 581-582
Published: December 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (347K) -
Tasuke YASUE1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 583-592
Published: December 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1129K) -
[in Japanese]1991 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages 595-596
Published: December 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (412K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|