Japanese Journal of Crop Science
Online ISSN : 1349-0990
Print ISSN : 0011-1848
ISSN-L : 0011-1848
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Volume 83, Issue 3
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Regular Paper
Agronomy
  • Effects of Early Sowing Cultivation on Yield and Occurrence of Delayed Stem Senescence in Several Soybean Cultivars in South Kanto
    Katsunori Isobe, Tomoko Kurose, Yuki Sasaki, Tomoki Someya, Akiyoshi T ...
    2014 Volume 83 Issue 3 Pages 195-202
    Published: 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.83.195
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The effects of sowing time on the yield and the occurrence of delayed stem senescence in 5 soybean cultivars were examined in 2011 and 2012, in the field at the experimental farm of Nihon University. All cultivars were sown in May (19 May in 2011 and 29 May in 2012) at the same planting densities (60cm row space × 15cm intrarow spacing). In 2011, there were no significant differences among the cultivars in the leaf area index (LAI) at the flowering and seed filling stages, the crop growth rate (CGR) from the flowering stage to the seed filling stage and the seed yield. In 2012, a significant difference among cultivars was observed in the LAI and the CGR from the flowering to the seed filling stages and seed yield was definitely higher in Natto-syoryu and Tamahomare than in the other cultivars. In both years, a significant difference in the occurrence of delayed stem senescence was observed among cultivars, and the stem senescence markedly delayed in Enrei and Tachinagaha. The days from sowing to maturity in Enrei and Tachinagaha were shorter than that in the other cultivars. In particular, the delayed stem senescence occurred in the cultivars with shorter days from sowing to flowering. In conclusion, to obtain high quality and high yield soybean sown in May in south Kanto, it is desirable to use the cultivars with longer days from sowing to maturity, such as Tamahomare.
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  • Influence of Mean and Daily Range of Air Temperature on Seedling Emergence and Establishment of Direct-seeded Paddy Rice under Submerged Conditions in Cold-climate Areas
    Masami Furuhata, Yoshitaka Hara
    2014 Volume 83 Issue 3 Pages 203-209
    Published: 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.83.203
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    In the Hokuriku region, direct seeding tends to be more common in inland areas than in coastal areas. One reason may be the sea breeze in coastal areas, which can delay or suppress the rise in daytime air temperature. In addition, seedling emergence and the early growth of direct-seeded rice in the coastal area may be influenced by the narrow daily temperature range between daytime and nighttime, even if the mean daily temperature is the same as in the inland areas. In this study, the growth of potted plants in a windbreak plot was compared with that in a non-windbreak plot (control) under outdoor conditions. In the windbreak plot, in which the maximum temperature was high and the daily temperature range was wide, the seedling emergence and establishment rates were higher than those in the control plot. We also investigated seedling emergence and establishment of direct-seeded rice grown under different mean air temperatures and daily temperature ranges using germinated seeds in a temperature-controlled incubator. Our results indicated that the influence of the daily temperature range after seeding was greater under low-temperature conditions than under high-temperature conditions. Under low-temperature conditions, early growth was better with a wide daily temperature range than with a narrow daily temperature range. Moreover, the change with time in the measured value of seedling emergence rate and that estimated by the Arrhenius equation were approximately the same.
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  • Influence of Daily Temperature Range on Seedling Emergence and Establishment of Direct-Seeded Rice under Submerged Conditions in Cold-Climate Areas
    –Analysis using Different Coated Seeds under Low Temperature Conditions–
    Masami Furuhata, Yoshitaka Hara
    2014 Volume 83 Issue 3 Pages 210-215
    Published: 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.83.210
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    Previously, we investigated seedling emergence and establishment of direct-seeded rice under different air temperature and daily temperature range conditions using pregerminated seeds. Our results showed that the influence of daily temperature range after seeding was greater under low than under high temperature conditions. Furthermore, the growth under low temperature conditions after seeding was promoted when the daily temperature range was wider. In the present study, we investigated seedling emergence and establishment of direct-seeded rice grown under different daily temperature ranges in low temperature conditions using calcium peroxide-coated, iron-coated, and non-coated seeds in an incubator. Calcium peroxide-coated seeds had the highest seedling emergence and establishment rates that were least influenced by the daily temperature range. In all types of seeds, the growth under low temperature conditions after seeding was better under a wider daily temperature range condition. Furthermore, seedling emergence rate estimated by the Arrhenius equation well simulated the measured value.
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  • Growth and Yield in Ridge-making Narrow Row Culture of Soybean Cultivar “Tachinagaha” with Lodging Resistance and its Weeding Effect
    Yoichi Fujita, Makoto Hattori, Yasuhiro Higuchi, Yoshifumi Nagumo, His ...
    2014 Volume 83 Issue 3 Pages 216-222
    Published: 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.83.216
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    The ridge-making narrow row culture was conducted in Niigata Prefecture using soybean cultivar “Tachinagaha” which has strong lodging resistance. We investigated the growth and yield of soybeans, and the degree of weed emergence. In the narrow row culture, the main stem length at maturity was relatively long as compared with that in ridge-making culture (conventional culture), but lodging was slight. The yield was almost the same as that in the conventional culture and 100 seeds weight was heavier. Relative photosynthetically active radiation under the soybean canopy in narrow row culture was 10％ or less, and the weed growth was suppressed from about 50 days after planting. This indicated that soybeans covered the row space at an early stage. By spraying herbicide one month after planting, the weed emergence could be controlled below the level in conventional culture with inter-tillage and ridging. Thus, it is considered that sufficient weed control can be achieved in ridge-making narrow row culture (of “Tachinagaha”) by spraying herbicide once from 10 to 30 days after planting when the weeds begin to emerge. As a result, labor for weeding can be saved compared with the conventional culture. This cultivation may promote stable production of soybean with high quality especially in large-scale soybean fields.
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  • Effects of Cyanamide Contained in Lime Nitrogen on Seed Dormancy and Germination ability of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
    Youichi Ohdaira, Hiroyuki Shiratsuchi, Hiromichi Yamaguchi, Akari Fuku ...
    2014 Volume 83 Issue 3 Pages 223-231
    Published: 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.83.223
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    To contribute to the development of a volunteer-rice control technique, we examined the effects of cyanamide in lime nitrogen (LN) on the dormancy and germination ability of rice seeds using the indica-type cultivar ‘Takanari’ and the japonica-type cultivar ‘Moeminori’. In the seeds soaked for 5 days at 15°C in cyanamide solution (CS), which was prepared by adding water to LN, the germination rate at 20 days after seeding was high when the cyanamide concentration was 170–340 mg L-1, and it gradually decreased with increasing cyanamide concentration beyond 340 mg L-1 in both cultivars. When the cyanamide concentration was 3140–3377 mg L-1, the germination rate at 20 days after seeding in the seeds treated with CS for 0.5–3 days was high and that treated for more than 3 days was low. These results showed that LN was capable of disrupting dormancy as well as inhibiting the germination ability of rice seeds depending on the amount and treatment period. These results suggested that LN application to the paddy field after harvesting could be used to suppress the generation of volunteer-rice because it prevented the germination ability or the withered sprouts appeared due to dormancy breaking during winter. The effects of CS treatment differed with the cultivar, and even in the same cultivar, with the seed production year or the degree of seed dormancy. It is therefore necessary to consider these differences in future field experiments for developing volunteer-rice control techniques using LN.
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Crop Physiolory and Cell Biology
  • Imbibition and Germination Properties of Wrinkled Soybean Seeds
    Norikazu Nakayama, Satoshi Ohno, Tatsuo Hosono, Masahiro Seki
    2014 Volume 83 Issue 3 Pages 232-241
    Published: 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.83.232
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    Wrinkled seeds of soybean (cv. Enrei), known as “chirimen-jiwa” in Japan have transverse wrinkles on their dorsal side. Here, imbibition properties, susceptibility to flooding injury and vigor of wrinkled seeds were investigated in comparison with those of normal seeds (no visible wrinkles). Although both wrinkled and normal seeds imbibed similarly when submerged in water, a marked difference was observed after submergence. The wrinkled seeds had conspicuous depressions and distortions on the surface, which were indicative of unequal swelling, whereas the normal seeds were smooth. The rate of imbibition from the ventral (hilum) side exhibited no difference between wrinkled and normal seeds during the first 3 hr, but after 3 hr, it was higher in the wrinkled seeds than in the normal seeds resulting in a 40% larger amount of absorbed water. On the contrary, the wrinkled seeds absorbed 12% and 16% less water than the normal seeds when imbibed through the abaxial and the dorsal side, respectively. In the seeds submerged for 24 hr, seedling emergence and growth were poorer, and cotyledon disruption was significantly greater in the wrinkled seeds than in the normal seeds. Seed vigor of the wrinkled seeds estimated by the accelerated aging test was lower than that of the normal seeds. In the wrinkled seeds, unequal swelling and/or some factors responsible for their low seed vigor may aggravate the susceptibility to flooding injury.
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Modelling, Information and Environment
  • Effect of the Change of Weather Conditions after 1980 in Yamagata Prefecture on the Rice Growth at Maximum Tiller Number Stage
    Hiroyuki Matsuda, Masaru Chuba, Shizuka Mori, Hiroshi Fujii
    2014 Volume 83 Issue 3 Pages 242-248
    Published: 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.83.242
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    The heading date of rice was advanced by increased temperature due to global warming. The degree of the advance differed with the prefecture and city in the Tohoku district. We evaluated the yearly change in weather conditions (temperature and solar radiation) from transplanting date to maximum tiller number stage since 1980, and analyzed the relationship between weather conditions and plant growth at the maximum tiller number stage by using “Sasanishiki”, at Shonai experiment station on the coast of the Sea of Japan, and at Murayama experiment station in the inland basin of Yamagata Prefecture. Weather conditions at both stations changed after 1980, i.e., at Shonai, the mean temperature rose, and at Murayama, solar radiation decreased. Plant growth at the maximum tiller number stage changed after 1980 at both stations, i.e., at Shonai, the maximum tiller number stage advanced, tiller number reduced, and dry weight increased, and at Murayama, the maximum tiller number reduced. At Shonai, the mean temperature showed a negative correlation with both the time of maximum tiller number stage and tiller number, and a positive correlation with dry weight. At Murayama, solar radiation showed a negative correlation with tiller number. Thus, in Yamagata Prefecture, the yearly change in weather conditions and plant growth, and the effect of weather conditions on plant growth varied with the location. However, at both stations, reduction in maximum tiller number resulted in reduction in the panicle number, which is a yield component.
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  • Modeling Phenolgical Development in Wheat
    Kou Nakazono, Hiroyuki Ohno, Hiroe Yoshida, Kaori Sasaki, Hiroshi Naka ...
    2014 Volume 83 Issue 3 Pages 249-259
    Published: 2014
    Released on J-STAGE: July 31, 2014
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.83.249
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    Between 2002 and 2011, 3 varieties of wheat, ‘Norin61’ (spring type), ‘Shirogane Komugi’ (spring type), and ‘Satonosora’ (winter type), were grown in the upland and lowland fields in Tsukuba, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. Phenological development was divided into 5 phases: phase 1, sowing to emergence; phase 2, emergence to jointing; phase 3, jointing to heading; phase 4, heading to flowering; and phase 5, flowering to maturation. The duration of phase 2 varied with the sowing date and cultivar. In ‘Satonosora’, the jointing stage was later than that in the other cultivars in early sowing, but this difference diminished at late sowing. Phenological development was expressed using the developmental rate (DVR) and developmental index, which is the cumulative DVR. DVR was expressed as a function of daily mean temperature and photoperiod in phase 2, but as a function of temperature in the other phases. These models achieved a good fit for the jointing, heading, and maturity dates of each cultivar measured in a wide area in Japan, with root mean square error=4–6 days. However, a simpler 2-phase model (sowing to heading and heading to maturation) could provide better estimates for the prediction of the jointing day alone.
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Research and Technical Note
Mini Symposium
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