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Volume 80 (2011)
- Issue 4 Pages 391-
- Issue 3 Pages 269-
- Issue 2 Pages 145-
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Volume 80, Issue 4
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Regular Paper
Agronomy
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Kazuhiro Watanabe, Takao Niino, Tohru Murayama, Masami Nanzyo2011 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages 391-402
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 02, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of pre-transplanting phosphorus application (PTPA) on the initial growth of cabbage and maize were investigated with regard to dry matter production, photosynthesis, root activities, root elongation, and nutrient absorption. PTPA did not promote the growth for a few days after transplanting, but promoted the subsequent growth in both crops. This promotive effect mainly depended on the increase in net assimilation rate (NAR), which coincided with the increase in photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance. PTPA increased the absorption of phosphorus and potassium which were contained in the applied solution. Increase in P in leaf blades of maize also contributed to the increase in photosynthetic activity. In some case, PTPA also increased absorption of the other essential elements such as magnesium. Root activities, expressed by root respiration rate and bleeding rate from the stubble, were also improved by PTPA associated with longer root length in PTPA cabbage. These results suggested that PTPA enhanced photosynthesis and root activities, through enhanced P absorption, and it also enhanced root elongation for cabbage, which accelerated the rooting and increased water and nutrient absorption from soil. Sufficient supply of water and nutrients maintained a high photosynthetic rate, resulting in the growth promotion for a few weeks after transplanting.View full abstractDownload PDF (1637K) -
Tetsuya Iwabuchi, Yuji Matsue, Hitoshi Matsunaka2011 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages 403-407
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 02, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing the bread wheat cultivar ‘Minaminokaori’ from Northern Kyushu, we examined the effect of climatic conditions as well as yield and yield component, on the grain protein content. We found that the protein content was negatively correlated with yield and 1000-kernel weight and positively correlated with the duration of sunshine during the ripening period. In the partial correlation analysis of grain protein content wtih 1000-kernel weight, yield and the duration of sunshine, significant correlation was observed only with 1000-kernel weight. These results suggest that the protein content was strongly affected by 1000-kernel weight and that the main factor of fluctuation in the protein content was a change in 1000-kernel weight, which was dependent on the duration of sunshine. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the duration of sunshine during the ripening period of wheat (x1) and the amount of nitrogen topdressing at anthesis (x2) were independent variables that were significantly correlated with grain protein content (y), as follows: y=12.40+0.433x1−0.00726x2 (n=18, R2=0.563 and p \<0.01).View full abstractDownload PDF (875K) -
Katsunori Isobe, Takako Sekino, Ryohei Nagura, Rika Matsuura, Yuko Ino ...2011 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages 408-419
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 02, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of sowing time on the yield and the occurrence of delayed stem senescence in soybean cultivar Enrei and Tamahomare were examined from 2006 to 2008, in the field at the experimental farm of Nihon University and in pots in 2009. Both cultivars were sown in mid-May and mid-June at two planting densities (60cm and 30 cm row space×15 cm intrarow spacing). In both cultivars, the leaf area index, the top dry weight and the yield were higher in mid-May sowing than in mid-June sowing. In Tamahomare, the yield in mid-June sowing was the same as that in mid-May sowing, and was higher at the higher planting density. However, in Enrei, the yield and the number of branch nodes in mid-June sowing were not increased at the higher planting density. In Tamahomare, the number of branch nodes and pods on the branch were increased by increasing the planting density. No significant difference in the occurrence of delayed stem senescence was observed between the mid-May sowing and mid-June sowing in Tamahomare. On the other hand, in Enrei, the occurrence of delayed stem senescence was increased by seeding in mid-May. In Tamahomare sown in mid-May and mid-June and in Enrei sown in mid-June, the amount of cytokinin supplied from root to top decreased at the seed filling stage, but, in Enrei sown in mid-May the cytokinin supply did not decrease at the seed filling stage. In conclusion, Enrei must be sown in mid-June to obtain high quality and high yield soybean in south Kanto. In Tamahomare, the occurrence of delayed stem senescence was not changed by changing the sowing time from mid-May to mid-June. Moreover, in mid-June sowing a high planting density 30 cm row space×15cm intrarow spacing is necessary to obtain a high yield.View full abstractDownload PDF (892K) -
Katsuyoshi Shimizu, Morio Kato2011 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages 420-425
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 02, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSKenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is usually cultivated in upland fields. In the present study, we examined the growth of Kenaf (c.v.: Everglades 41) in a water logged paddy field at the Agricultural and Forestry Research Center, Univ. of Tsukuba in 2006 and 2007. Rice (Oryza sativa L. c.v.:Kusahonami and female sterility strain, FS—1) were also planted in the paddy field for comparison. Kenaf and rice seedlings were transplanted at the density of 15 cm×30 cm, in 2 m×5 m experimental plots in early June and middle of May, respectively, in both years. Kenaf and rice plants in the paddy field were cultivated under water control by rice cultivation method, and sampled at late July, late August, late September and late November. The growth of kenaf in the paddy field was inferior to that in the upland field. However, after late November, kenaf in the upland field showed retarded growth, although that in the paddy field continued to grow vigorously. After drainage of residual water in the paddy field for harvesting of rice, kenaf showed vigorous growth and kept some green leaves until the first frost. Although waterlogging severely affected the growth of kenaf, our results suggest that appropriate water management may enable satisfactory production of kenaf in paddy fields.View full abstractDownload PDF (899K) -
Satoru Bando, Hideyasu Fujiyama2011 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages 426-432
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 02, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNo-tillage cultivation without molding (NTC) of soybean, which decreases the instability of yield and improves the profitability compared with conventional cultivation (CVC) has spread among large-scale farmers. In Japan, however, due to few experiments on NTC, its advantage is not well recognized. To evaluate successive NTC in the field converted from paddy, we investigated the changes in the growth, yield and quality of soybean (Tamahomare) for 7 years (2003—2009) under NTC and CVC. There was no serious damage by diseases or pests during the period. Total C and available N in soil (0—30 cm) greatly decreased. There was no difference in yield between NTC and CVC, the average yield being 320 g m-2. The change in yield during the successive cultivation tended to be larger in CVC than in NTC. In both NTC and CVC, seed protein content varied with the year, but there was no difference in the protein content between NTC and CVC. A high correlation was observed between Ca content of seed and ex-CaO in 0—30 cm soil (r=0.86**) in both NTC and CVC. Ca content of seed increased during the successive cultivation, and at the fifth harvest was about 2.5 times that in the first year. In addition, the average Ca content of seed was higher in NTC than in CVC, which might be due to the difference in soil management. In NTC, 100-seeds weight, large-seed rate, stem thickness and number of pods per plant were lower, but the number of pods m-2 was higher than in CVC , which might be due to the difference in planting density.View full abstractDownload PDF (1161K)
Quality and Processing
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Takayo Saikusa, Shin-ichiro Kawase, Toshiroh Horino, Kyouko Toda, Yosh ...2011 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages 433-440
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 02, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe measured the contents of calcium, potassium, magnesium, manganese and pectin in the seed coat and cotyledons of soybean cultivars with different frequencies of seed coat cracking cultivated in different regions in Japan. The calcium content of cotyledons in the soybean cultivar ‘Sachiyutaka’, which had a high frequency of seed coat cracking, was lower than those in the other cultivars. However, there was no significant difference in calcium contents of cotyledons between the cracked seeds and intact seeds in any cultivar. The calcium content of seed coat, revealed no significant difference between the cultivars or between the cracked seeds and intact seeds. The contents of potassium, magnesium and manganese not only of seed coats but also of cotyledons, showed no significant difference among the cultivars or between the cracked seeds and intact seeds. The ratios of potassium to calcium content in cotyledons of were nearly the same in cracked seeds and intact seeds in all cultivars. However, the ratio in cracked seed coat was lower than that in intact seed coat in the plants cultivated under the same conditions, although there was no varietal difference in the ratio. These results, suggested that the balance between potassium content and calcium content plays an important role in cracking of seed coat. On the other hand, the concentration and the form of pectin were not correlated with the cracking of seed coat.View full abstractDownload PDF (761K)
Genetic Resources and Evaluation
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Kazuhiro Ujiie, Hisato Okuizumi, Makoto Takano, Ken Ishimaru2011 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages 441-447
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 02, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNatural variations in photosynthesis-related traits at an early vegetative stage of 8 grain sorghum varieties were examined. These varieties were divided into 3 phylogenetic groups according to the analysis of genetic polymorphisms using differences in 15 simple sequence repeats loci. Three varieties collected in Japan and Korea were clustered in one group while 5 varieties from 4 African countries were classified into 3 groups. There were significant differences among varieties in photosynthetic rate and 5 photosynthesis-related traits (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, nitrogen, soluble protein and chlorophyll contents per leaf area). However, there were no clear trends among the 3 genetic groups. Additionally, no correlations were detected between plant length (an indicator of growth rate) and photosynthesis-related traits, and plant length had a significant positive correlation with photosynthetic rate. In sorghum varieties, natural variation in photosynthesis-related traits might be used for breeding methods. At least at the early vegetative stage, growth rate was not limited by these photosynthesis-related traits. Therefore, other traits (e.g. sink) might be the target for improvement in the growth rate at the early vegetative stage.View full abstractDownload PDF (1063K)
Modelling, Information and Environment
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Kazuyuki Matsuo, Hideo Hamaguchi, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Yoshiaki Watanabe2011 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages 448-456
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 02, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify the yielding performance of no-tillage seeding cultivation of soybean, the effects of field locations and seeding dates on seedling establishment and yield were studied in the staple cropping area of soybean in Ibaraki pref. for five years by using a newly developed system for recording agricultural works with GPS. The failure of seedling establishment tended to occur only in the poor drainage area that received heavy rain 1-3 days after seeding under the conventional seeding condition. In contrast, the field with poor seedling establishment was observed throughout the surveyed area and irrespective of rainfall under the no-tillage seeding condition. The survey for five years revealed a negative correlation between seeding date and the soybean yield in each field, but there was no significant difference in the regression line between the no-tillage seeding and the conventional seeding. The result of multiple regression analysis showed the importance of phytopthora rot of soybean as a cause of yield loss under the no-tillage seeding condition. The relative yield compensated for yield reduction by delaying seeding was calculated by using regression equation of yield and seeding date. The field map, in which the fields were tilled with different colors according to relative yield, indicated that high-risk fields are distributed into the specific area.View full abstractDownload PDF (1434K)
Research and Technical Note
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Masato Oda, Yasukazu Hosen2011 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages 457-461
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 02, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere is a field in Fujimi, Saitama, Japan (unfertilized; UF) where an ordinary amount of crop is produced for marketing without applying any fertilizer or returning above-ground crop residues. We aimed to clarify the source of N in the leaves of tomato cultivated in this field, using the δ15N method. In an adjacent conventional single cropping tomato field (conventionally fertilized; CF), chemical fertilizer and compost (100 and 45 g N m-2, and δ15N of -1.7 and +9.3‰, respectively) had been applied as basal fertilizers. In UF, the δ15N values of soils were +7.2‰ in the 0 - 20 cm surface soil and +7.1‰ in the 20 - 35 cm deep subsoil; the corresponding values in CF were +8.5 and +7.5‰, respectively. Compared with those soils, δ15N values in tomato leaves were much lower, around +3‰ in both UF (+ 3.2 ± 0.4‰) and CF (+ 3.0 ± 1.0‰) fields. These values in tomato in CF, it may be explained by dilution with absorbed chemical fertilizers; but those in UF, without artificial input, cannot be explained by the absorption of the soil N, which has relatively high δ15N values. The results obtained from the UF field suggest that the field had received a substantial amount of N with relatively low δ15N values like atmospheric N from the outside of the field-plant system and that it allowed the ordinary crop production in the UF field.View full abstractDownload PDF (1467K)
Mini Symposium
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2011 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages 462-463
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 02, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (733K) -
2011 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages 463-464
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 02, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (741K) -
2011 Volume 80 Issue 4 Pages 465
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: November 02, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (618K)
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