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Volume 70, Issue 2
Displaying 1-19 of 19 articles from this issue
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Takatsugu HORIUCHI2001 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 143-150
Published: June 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Hiroshi NONAMI2001 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 151-163
Published: June 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Minoru YAMAUCH2001 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 164-172
Published: June 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe direct sowing culture of rice with recycled-paper mulch is practiced by spreading recycled paper (t owhich rice seeds are attached) on the surface of puddled soil. This cultural practice would eliminate the application of herbicides. Furthermore, it is labor saving in comparison with transplanting. This study objects to characterizing the crop establishment, lodging occurrence, and weed infestation in direct sowing with recydcled-paper mulch (hill and drill sowing) in comparison with broadcast direct sowing and transplanting. Broadcast direct sowing was practiced with or without seed-coating with oxygen release chemical (major ingredient calcium peroxide). Transplanting was done with and without use of recycled-paper mulch. Cultivars Koshihikari, a popular high-grain quality rice susceptible to lodging, and Dontokoi, a high-grain quality with resistance to lodging, were used. Herbicides were applied for broadcast sowing and transplanting where no recycled-paper mulch was used. Five experiments were conducted during 1997 and 1998, and we used netting to protect the seeds and seedlings from bird attack. The crop establishment was better in the following order: direct sowing with recycled-paper mulch (hill), broadcast sowing with coated seeds, and broadcast sowing with noncoated seeds. The crop establishment in direct sowing with recycled-paper mulch (drill) was similar to that in broadcast sowing with noncoated seeds. The lodging occurred less in the following order: transplanting, direct sowing with recycled-paper mulch (hill), and direct sowing with recycled-paper mulch (drill). We detected no significant difference in weed infestation between the cultural methods employed in the present study. No herbicide application and hand weeding would be required in direct sowing with recycled-paper mulch (hill and drill). The grain yield of direct sowing with recycled-paper mulch was as much as, or a little less than, that of transplanting.View full abstractDownload PDF (1300K) -
Akira FUKUSHIMA, Osamu KUSUDA, Masami FURUHATA2001 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 173-178
Published: June 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWinter-type wheat, which isn't injured by frost because the stem elongation begins late, is considered appropriate for early sowing and early harvesting in southwestern Japan. The aim of this study is to elucidate the developmental pattern of tiller in the winter type wheat sown early. Winter type wheat Iwainodaichi and Spring type wheat Chikugoizumi were sown on 5 October (very early sowing), 5 December (early sowing), and 24 December (standard sowing) in 1998. Although the maximum number of tillers per area was greater in Iwainodaichi than in Chikugoizumi at every sowing time, the number of spikes per area was not greatly different between cultivars. Tillers emerged regularly as the leaves of main shoot emerged successively. The emergence rate of higher order and position's tillers was larger in Iwainodaichi, though most of those tillers became non-productive tillers. The rate of leaf emergence of productive tillers was almost equal to that of the main shoot. On the other hand, that of non-productive tillers became lower gradually and stopped. Based on these rules, the change of the number of tillers per individual was investigated. As a result, the time of the maximum number of tillers per individual of Iwainodaichi in early sowing was later than that of Chikugoizumi and earlier than that of Iwainodaichi and Chikugoizumi in standard sowing. These changes of the number of tillers per individual seemed to be affected by the timing of spike development.View full abstractDownload PDF (896K) -
Tsuyoshi OKAMOTO, Hiroshi SUZUKI, Teruhisa UMEZAKI, Yuichi NAGAYA, Tet ...2001 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 179-185
Published: June 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo improve productivity in the cultivation of Chinese yam 'Tanba-yamanoimo' (Dioscorea opposita Thunb.), we investigated the effect of virus free plants on the yield of a high yielding variety 'Shintanmaru' at a commercial field in 1998, 1999 and 2000. The weights of rhizophore of the virus free clone obtained from shoot apex culture were significantly heavier than infected plants with Japanese yam mosaic virus. The rates of yield increase were 27% in 1998, 17% in 1999 and 23% in 2000. The infected plants with Japanese yam mosaic virus showed the disease symptoms as mosaic in leaf, leaf transformation, leaf miniaturizing, and a delay in sprouting and growth. They could be easily distinguished from the virus free plants by their appearance. The results of distinction by symptoms in appearance and by serum test were nearly the same, with few exceptions. Because the former method was simple and not costly, it was a more effective and practical way to obtain virus free plants in seed propagation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1243K) -
Satoshi YOSHINAGA, Kenzo WAKIMOTO, Kohei TASAKA, Ken-ichi MATSUSHIMA, ...2001 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 186-193
Published: June 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe characteristics of lodging resistance in hill-seeded rice were compared with those in broadcast-seeded rice at three different plant densities (40, 80 and 160 plants m-2) to establish the submerged direct seeding rice cultivation using a newly developed 'Shooting hill-seeder'. In the hill-seeded rice, the culm was longer than in broadcast-seeded rice, applying a strong force to the basal part of the hill. However, they did not lodge easily because the percentage of productive tillers was high resulting in superior characteristics of the culm related to the lodging resistance, and they had extremely high pushing resistance. Such differences in the lodging resistance between hill-and broadcast-seeded rice plants were remarkable at a high plant density. In the broadcast-seeded rice, the number of panicles per hill is fewer than 10 when they are cultivated at a density higher than 40 plants m-2, and the lodging resistance decreased with decreasing number of panicles per hill. On the other hand, in the hill-seeded rice (40-160 plants m-2, 30cm inter-row and 20cm intra-row spacing), the number of panicles per hill is 20-25 even when the seedling density fluctuates within the range of 40-160 seedlings m-2 (2-10 seedlings per hill), and lodging resistance is stable. Because the fluctuation of seedling density is inevitable, the hill-seeding cultivation with the above characteristics is favorable for the stabilization of submerged direct seeding cultivation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1113K) -
Satoshi YOSHINAGA, Kenzo WAKIMOTO, Kohei TASAKA, Ken-ichi MATSUSHIMA, ...2001 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 194-201
Published: June 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy using a newly developed 'Shooting hill-seeder', it is easy to adjust the hill space within a row or the seeding depth, and change the hill-seeding form in the submerged direct seeding rice cultivation. In this study, the effects of these seeding conditions on the lodging resistance of hill-seeded rice were examined. It was suggested that the increased hill space within a row resulted in lower lodging resistance because of the elongation of culm and decrease in pushing resistance of the hill. These results show the importance to adopt a variety with high lodging resistance, or to control the nitrogen uptake by improvement of fertilizer application or water management, when a large hill space is necessary. On the other hand, the hill-seeding form did not seem to affect the lodging resistance. Furthermore, in hill-seeded rice, the chance of shallow seeding is rare, and the degree of lodging due to shallow seeding is extremely small as compared with broadcast-seeded rice. These characteristics are very important for the stabilization of the submerged direct seeding cultivation, in which unification of the seeding depth is difficult, and the stabilization of seedling emergence is important.View full abstractDownload PDF (1112K) -
Akio SUMI, Mitsuru HAYASHI, Tadao C. KATAYAMA2001 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 202-208
Published: June 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe difference in the growth response to soil moisture content was investigated between two sugarcane cultivars, NCo310 and Ni1, differing in regional adaptability. An optimum curvilinear relationship was found between the soil moisture content and dry weight of the plant. No difference in the optimum soil moisture content (fopt) was found between the two cultivars. The soil moisture content at which growth stops (f0) was lower in NCo310. The early growth of sugarcanes was extremely inhibited under a soil submerging condition in both cultivars, but in NCo310 such an inhibition was removed gradually with the passage of time. Although the plant weight in fopt tended to be heavier in NCo310 than in Ni1, the latter was not inferior to the former in the stalk weight under optimum to sub-optimum soil moisture conditions because the percentage of stem to total dry weight (SP) was higher in the latter. On the other hand, the stalk weight of Ni1 dropped largely both under submerging and arid conditions because of larger decreases both in plant weight and SP. The characteristics such as lower f0, faster adaptation to soil submerging condition and relatively high stability of SP were judged to support the wide regional adaptability of NCo310.View full abstractDownload PDF (1005K) -
Hisashi TANNO, Masahumi KINOSHITA, Hitoshi KIUCHI, Yuji HIRAYAMA, Haru ...2001 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 209-214
Published: June 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCool-weather tolerance at the flowering stage of 54 rice varieties in the area south of Tohoku district, Japan was examined in 1999. The plants were exposed to a cool temperature of 17.5°C in an air conditioned room for 15 days. The data on Hokkaido varieties reported previously were compared with the above results. Although the degree of cool tolerance at the flowering stage greatly varied with the district where the variety was bred, the higher the latitude of the breeding district, the higher the tolerance (r=0.497**, n=106). Moreover the variety with early heading date showed higher tolerance (r=-0.576**, n=106). Among the tested varieties, Chuubo 42 had an extremely high tolerance, 6 varieties had high tolerance, and 16 varieties had extremely low tolerance. Koshihikari, Hitomebore and Akitakomachi, the present major varieties of Japan, showed rather low tolerance at the flowering stage. Although a significant positive correlation was observed between the tolerance at the booting stage reported previously and that at the tlowering stage in the present study (r=0.462**, n=51), the coefficient of correlation was not high. Moreover among Tohoku district varieties bred after 1975, the varieties bred more recently had a higher cool tolerance at the booting stage, and no relation was found between the year of breeding and the tolerance to cool weather at the flowering stage. These results suggest that to breed a new rice variety with high cool tolerance at the flowering stage, direct selection for the tolerance is needed in the breeding program.View full abstractDownload PDF (908K) -
Yoshiro MANO, Kazuyoshi TAKEDA2001 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 215-220
Published: June 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAbout 1, 300 wheat varieties were tested for salt tolerance at germination and the seedling stage. Salt tolerance at these two stages showed wide and continuous variations among the wheat varieties tested, and some highly salt tolerant varieties were selected. The varieties from Korea included tolerant varieties at a high proportion at either stage. Hexaploid (AABBDD) varieties were more tolerant than tetraploid (AABB) and diploid (AA) varieties at either stage, indicating that genetic factor (s) controlling salt tolerance may be located on the D genome. As well as barley varieties, salt tolerance at germination of wheat was considered to be independent of that at the seedling stage.View full abstractDownload PDF (865K) -
Yoshiko FUJIMURA, Shinya OBA, Takatsugu HORIUCHI2001 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 221-225
Published: June 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCultivated buckwheats (Fagoprum spp.) show an easy grain shedding habit, which is known to cause heavy yield loss. In this study, the grain shedding habit was compared among diploids and tetraploids of common buckwheat (F. esculentum Moench.) and tartary buckwheat (F. tataricum Gaertner). The breaking tensile strength of pedicel and the pedicel diameter were measured as indices of grain shedding habit. The effect of fertilizer application on the grain shedding habit of the above strains was also investigated. The breaking tensile strength was higher in the common buckwheat than in the tartary buckwheat. The breaking tensile strength was in the descending order of tetraploid common buckwheat, diploid common buckwheat, tetraploid tartary buckwheat and diploid tartary buckwheat. A similar trend was observed in pedicel diameter. The breaking tensile strength per sectional area of a pedicel was higher in the tartary buckwheat than in the common buckwheat, but no difference was observed between diploids and tetraploids within the species. Thus, some qualitative differences in pedicels between the two species were suggested. The fertilizer application had no significant efrect on the grain shedding habit.View full abstractDownload PDF (807K) -
Zhijian YANG, Osamu SASAKI, Mitsuru HAYASHI2001 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 226-233
Published: June 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of low temperature at the seedling stage on the growth of some indica and japonica varieties were examined. Five varieties, three indica and two japonica, were used. Seedlings were kept at normal temperature (20°C) until the third leaf blade was fully emerged. Then they were exposed to 8, 10, 12 or 14°C for 3, 6, 9 or 12 days. The increase on leaf area, top dry weight and number of roots during the treatment period was suppressed with the decrease of temperature and the increase of treatment period, in both indica and japonica varieties. The content of chlorophyll also decreased with the decrease of temperature and the increase of treatment period, and this tendency was remarkable in indica. After transplanted to the paddy field, the top dry weight, leaf age, the number of stem and the number of roots increased. The leaf age increased more rapidly, the severer the low-temperature treatment, and finally recovered to the control level in both indica and japonica varieties. On the other hand, the top dry weight, the number of roots and the number of stem increased more slowly, the severer the low-temperature treatment, and this tendency was remarkable in indica. The number of productive culms also showed a similer response to a low-temperature treatment. It was considered that the difference in the recovery of growing after transplanting to the paddy field between indica and japonica varieties was caused by the difference in the recovery of the root activity and photosynthetic activity after the low-temperature treatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (1212K) -
Jun HOSOI, Katsu IMAI2001 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 234-237
Published: June 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe morphological and anatomical features of the development of roots in edible canna (Canna edulis Ker-Gawl.) were investigated with special reference to its adventitious roots. A typical fibrous root system, which was comprised of thick adventitious roots and thinner primary and secondary lateral roots, was formed in this species. In mature adventitious roots, the polyarch stele with many vessels and the cortex with lacunae were unique features. There was no clear nodal structure in the stele of rhizome and the intimate interconnection of node and stelar vascular bundle was not observed. There was no regularity of the development of adventitious roots as seen in gramineous species. Compared with Musa species, the morphological and anatomical features were rather similar but the number of primordia and thickness of adventitious roots, the number of vascular bundles, and the size of lacunae were smaller in edible canna. It is considered that the mode of development and tissue structure of adventitious roots are related to the morphogenesis of the root system to support the large aboveground part of this species.View full abstractDownload PDF (1624K) -
Zujian ZHANG, Teiji NAKAMURA, Makie KOKUBUN, Iwao NISHIYAMA2001 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 238-246
Published: June 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of gibberellin, cytokinin and an inhibitor of gibberellin biosynthesis on spikelet fertility and the number of pollen grains were examined in rice plants which were cooled at the young microspore stage. Spikelet fertility in the cooled plants was decreased by the application of GA3 or trans-zeatin during the period from the primary rachis branch differentiation stage to the young microspore stage, and increased by the application of prohexadione-calcium, an inhibitor of gibberellin biosynthesis. The number of pollen grains per anther in both the cooled and control plants was reduced by the application of GA3 or trans-zeatin, and increased by prohexadione-calcium application. Spikelet fertility in the cooled plants was positively correlated with the number of pollen grains not only in the cooled plants, but also in the control plants. It was concluded that both gibberellin and cytokinin weakened the cool-weather resistance through inhibition of pollen formation. Since nitrogen is known to weaken the cool-weather resistance, reduce the number of pollen grain, and increase the endogenous levels of gibberellin and cytokinin in rice plants, it appears that nitrogen weakens the cool-weather resistance by increasing the endogenous levels of gibberellin and cytokinin.View full abstractDownload PDF (1340K) -
Kou NAKAZONO, Kimio INOUE2001 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 247-254
Published: June 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe method of estimating the developmental stage necessary to prevent and analyze the cool damage in rice plants using meteorological elements was examined. We investigated the relationship between the elongation rate of the young panicles and the cumulative temperature from the panicle initiation using three Japonica cultivars, Akitakomachi, Koshihikari and Nipponbare. A logistic function was fitted to the relationship between the length of young panicle and the cumulative daily mean temperature. It was shown that the later the heading date, the higher the cumulative temperature until the panicle reached 50% of the final length. Although the young panicle length of Koshihikari in another area (Koriyama) could be roughly estimated by the logistic function fitted to the data obtained in Tsukuba, there was a difference between the estimated and measured length in some years. This was suggested to be due to the delay of panicle elongation by the temperature below about 20°C. The morphological observation of the pollen revealed that the sensitivity to a low temperature varied with the panicle length, and reached the maximum when the panicle became 70% of the final length. The developmental stage of the panicle varied with the tiller, but we obtained a formula showing the change in the low-temperature sensitivity considering the variation, based on the correlation between the cumulative temperature and young panicle length and that between the young panicle length and the sensitivity to cool temperature. From these results it is shown that the cumulative value, which is calculated from the degree of sensitivity and the degree of cooling (mean air temperature below 20°C) during panicle development, is useful for the estimation of the percentage of sterility caused by a low temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (1226K) -
Kazue MIZUTA, Kazuhiro KADOSHIGE, Toshihiko HIRANO2001 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 255-260
Published: June 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe chemical properties of irrigation waters in Fukuoka Prefecture were examined from 1986 to 1988. The irrigation waters were sampled at 46 place several times during the period from puddling of paddy fields to the ripening of rice plants. Among the 232 waters sampled, the waters showing a higher value than the standard for agricultural water in pH, EC, COD and T-N were 28%, 11%, 46% and 87%, respectively. These values were generally higher than those reported in other prefectures in Japan. COD values were higher in Chikugo and Iizuka-Yahata and T-N was higher in Chikugo, a rural area in Fukuoka Prefecture. These values declined at the time of rice-transplanting, suggesting the run off the water from the paddy fields. COD was highly correlated with T-P, showing that the water pollution by organic matters was caused by the discharge of waste water containing a high amount of P. It is considered that reduction of the discharge of waste water which contains P is especially necessary for preventing the pollution. Comparison of the values obtained in 1986∼88 with those in 1991∼93 in Fukuoka Prefecture showed that pH, COD, T-N and T-P increased in almost all areas.View full abstractDownload PDF (780K) -
Yuji MATSUE, Nobuaki JINNOUCHI, Takahide BABA, Tetsuya IWABUCHI, Yusuk ...2001 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 261-266
Published: June 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe superb weather during growing period produced a high yield and a high quality of wheat and two-rowed barley in northern Kyushu in 1999. The crop situation index and the average yield in Fukuoka Prefecture were 132 and 447 g/m2 for wheat and 118 and 398 g/m2 for two-rowed barley, respectively, the second highest since 1945. Furthermore, the inspection grade became higher because of the increase of well-developed grains. Wheat's high yield was caused by an increase in the number of ears and 1, 000-grain weight in response to a low precipitation during the growing period and sufficient sunshine hours during the ripening period. Two-rowed barley's high yield was caused by a increase in the number of ears and well-developed grains in response to sufficient sunshine hours during the ripening period. The yield and apparent quality of wheat were improved by a recduction of the first top dressing of nitrogen at the tillering stage and a thin sowing in early sowing culture in abnormally warm and dry weather. In terms of cultivar, the good yield was caused by a wide diffusion of the high yielding and quality wheat cultivar Chikugoizumi.View full abstractDownload PDF (792K) -
Norio IRIKI, Kanenori TAKATA, Hiroaki YAMAUCHI, Yasunori ICHINOSE, Tat ...2001 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 267-270
Published: June 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe evaluated the effect of blending of the grains of hard spring wheat Haruyutaka with those of soft winter wheat Hokushin on the milling quality and the effect of blending of the grains or flour of the two varieties on the baking quality. The two kinds of wheat grains were blended at various ratios before or after tempering. The blended wheat grain lots had milling properties intermediate between those of Haruyutaka and Hokushin. The values of flour yield were similar in all blended lots. The milling score of the lots blended after tempering was nearly the same in all lots with various mixing ratios. However, the value decreased in proportion to the increase of Hokushin when grains were tempered after blending. The lots tempered after blending showed lower amylograph peak viscosities than those tempered before blending, and had higher farinograph absorption values. Farinograph values other than absorption, flour particle size, flour protein content and the flour color changed in proportion to the ratio of Haruyutaka and Hokushin. Blending did not afrect the specific loaf volume.View full abstractDownload PDF (619K) -
[in Japanese]2001 Volume 70 Issue 2 Pages 271-275
Published: June 05, 2001
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (894K)
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