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Volume 80 (2011)
- Issue 4 Pages 391-
- Issue 3 Pages 269-
- Issue 2 Pages 145-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 80, Issue 3
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Regular Paper
Agronomy
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Seiko Kumagai, Haruka Yoshida, Satoru Sagawa, Yoshinori Taniguchi, Tsu ...2011 Volume 80 Issue 3 Pages 269-276
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGrowth, yield and quality of three Japanese barnyard millet cultivars differing in amylose content of endosperm were investigated in 2006 and 2008. Karumaizairai-Shiro is an early-maturing panicle-number type and Noge-Hie and Chojuromochi are medium-maturing panicle-weight type cultivars. The maximum tiller number stage in all three cultivars was 1 August in 2008, although the maturing duration differed with the cultivars. The appropriate time of top dressing to increase the yield was suggested to be the beginning of August, which improved the percentage of ripened grains in Karumaizairai-Shiro, while it was the beginning of July that increased panicle number in Noge-Hie and Chojuromochi. There was no significant difference between Noge-Hie and Chojuromochi in agricultural characteristics. Amylose content of endosperm of Noge-Hie was half that of Karumaizairai-Shiro. The particle size of 70% milled flour was larger in Noge-Hie and Chojuromochi than in Karumaizairai-Shiro. Seventy percent milled flour of Karumaizairai-Shiro was less bright but more colorful than of Noge-Hie and Chojuromochi. In a pasting test with a Rapid Visco Analyzer, Karumaizairai-Shiro had a high setback value and Noge-Hie had a high break down value with a low setback value, while Chojuromochi had a low maximum value and low final viscosity. In a pasting test with silver nitrate solution, peak viscosity was higher than that in the test with water, and the difference was large in Chojuromochi.View full abstractDownload PDF (1340K) -
Tomoko Uchida, Hiroyuki Kobayashi, Namiko Yoshino2011 Volume 80 Issue 3 Pages 277-283
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe introduction of barley as a winter cover crop (WCC) provides increased yield of no-till soybean. In this cropping system, barley is mowed at the grain-filling stage before soybean cropping, and we speculate that WCC increased the yield of soybean by increasing nutrient uptake including the promotion of phosphorus uptake by improving arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization. Most of the previous reports on the growth promoting effect of AM fungi are restricted to the growth in the early stage. In this study, the effects of AM fungi on the growth, phosphorus uptake, and nodule formation of no-till soybean in ripening stage were examined. Field survey was conducted in two fields: the first year soybean cropping with and without WCC (1YSF) and the third year of continuous soybean cropping with and without WCC (3YSF) in 2008. The results showed that the yield of soybean with WCC was higher than that without WCC in 1YSF, but not in 3YSF. The rate of AM colonization was increased by WCC in both fields. The leaf color values were increased by WCC in 1YSF, but not in 3YSF. The nodule weight tended to be increased by WCC in both fields. We considered that WCC contributed to survival of AM fungi, which promoted P uptake and extended nodulation period leading to increased yields in 1YSF. In 3YSF, however, WCC failed to increase yield because the yield was limited by nitrogen.View full abstractDownload PDF (1069K) -
Hideki Araki, Tadashi Takahashi, Li Zhang, Masamichi Nakatsukasa, Koji ...2011 Volume 80 Issue 3 Pages 284-291
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPoor ripening due to abnormally early ripening (AER) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in farmers’ fields in Natajima region, Yamaguchi Prefecture, was investigated in two seasons (2004/2005 and 2005/2006). Grain weight and sugar content of straws were also measured at maturity. The symptom of AER was consistently severer in Norin 61 than in Nishinokaori in both seasons. Although the AER appeared in both fields with and without pre-anthesis waterlogging, the AER symptom was severer in the field with pre-anthesis waterlogging. The grain weight decreased with increase in extent of AER symptoms. The sugar content of straws was high in the field scored as serious AER. The number of fields with AER and that with pre-anthesis waterlogging were low in “Shin-kaisaku” area developed in 1774 and high in “Shouwa-kaisaku” area developed in 1930. The AER fields did not always show the symptom of AER every year. The sugar content of straws showed a negative relationship with grain weight in Norin 61 plants with AER. These results confirmed that light grains at the mature stage have ceased its growth earlier leaving a large amount of reserves unutilized in straw.View full abstractDownload PDF (1644K) -
Shogo Tsuda, Motoyuki Mori, Akira Kobayashi, Akiko Takada, Norikazu Ta ...2011 Volume 80 Issue 3 Pages 292-301
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPotato microtubers (MT) (about 1 gram fresh weight) are mass-produced under in vitro conditions, and are used as seed tubers in field. We previously found that potato varieties were divided into two types, larger tuber number with lighter individual tuber weight (type 1), and smaller tuber number with heavier individual tuber weight (type 2) in the plants from MT. The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether the effects of seed tuber size and planting density on the tuber number and individual tuber weight of MT plants vary with the type of varieties. In type 1 variety Norin 1, the plants from MT had larger number of tubers than those from conventional seed tubers (CT). On the other hand, in type 2 variety Nishiyutaka, the plants from MT had heavier individual tuber weight than those from CT. High planting density caused a larger tuber number per unit area and lighter individual tuber weight in both types of varieties, i.e., type 1 variety Irish Cobbler and type 2 variety Toyoshiro. We concluded that planting small size MT at a high density will be useful for the seed tuber production system in fields regardless of variety type.View full abstractDownload PDF (1175K) -
−Seed Pretreatment, Type and Amount of Coating Material−Masami Furuhata, Akihiro Ohsumi, Tadashi Chosa, Osamu Matsumura2011 Volume 80 Issue 3 Pages 302-311
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of different seed pretreatment, coating materials, and amounts of coating materials on hardness, germination characteristics and color of coated seeds were evaluated to clarify how each factor contributes to protect the seed from bird damage. The coating material of iron-coated seed was more closely adhered to seed than that of peroxide-coated seed making it difficult to flake off, and the iron-coated seed was very hard. The hardness of iron-coated seeds was not due to the thickness of the iron film, but to seed moisture, and was suggested to decrease rapidly along with water absorption by the seed before germination. Decreasing coating ratio of iron material did not affect the color and hardness of the coated seeds but hastened germination. Therefore it is suggested that thinly iron-coated seed germinated early after drainage in the field is prone to be damaged by birds.View full abstractDownload PDF (2407K) -
Masahiro Chiba, Osamu Matsumura, Tomio Terao, Yoshihiko Takahashi, Haj ...2011 Volume 80 Issue 3 Pages 312-325
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSuppression of the occurrence of chalky grains caused by a high temperature at the ripening stage of rice is an urgent issue in rice production in Japan. Deep flood irrigation with a water depth of 18 cm is an effective measure to avoid the occurrence. However, the area of paddy fields that can keep this level of water depth is limited, because the plants are usually not so high. Here, we examined the effects of flood irrigation at a water depth of 10 cm and deep planting (depth of 6 cm), and their combination on the yield and quality of rice using cultivars Hatsuboshi and Koshihikari which are sensitive and moderately tolerant to a high temperature at the ripening stage, respectively. In Hatsuboshi, deep planting combined with 10-cm irrigation from the rooting stage to the maximum tillering stage reduced the occurrence of chalky grains without yield reduction that was caused by an 18 cm flood irrigation. In Koshihikari, 18-cm flood irrigation was the best to reduce chalky grains, but 10-cm flood irrigation also reduced chalky grains significantly without significant yield reduction. Deep flood irrigation (18 cm) decreased the redox potential of soil, but did not damage the root system at the ripening stage. In addition deep flood irrigation did not reduce soil-bearing capacity, and was not considered to prevent combine harvesting.View full abstractDownload PDF (1858K)
Genetic Resources and Evaluation
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Kiyoshi Nagasuga, Shunsuke Uchida, Hideyuki Kaji, Yuki Hayakawa, Sumiy ...2011 Volume 80 Issue 3 Pages 326-332
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeed yield, dry matter weight and light intercepting characteristics of the local soybean cultivar ‘Misato-zairai’ were compared with those of Fukuyutaka in 2008 and 2009. In Misato-zairai, seed yield was similar to, but seed/stem ratio was lower, and length and dry weight of stem were higher than in Fukuyutaka. Total dry weight just before maturity was heavier in Misato-zairai in both years, and the difference was distinct after flowering in 2008. The crop growth rate of Misato-zairai during one month after flowering varied with the year, but that during the succeeding one month was higher in Misato-zairai in both years. The leaf area index was higher in Misato-zairai in both years. In Misato-zairai, leaf area was concentrated above 60cm from the ground and the leaves were drooped, but the light extinction coefficient was similar to that in Fukuyutaka. Seed yield of Misato-zairai was high in the middle layer, 40-60cm above the ground, and decreased in lower layers.View full abstractDownload PDF (2003K)
Crop Physiolory and Cell Biology
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Chiharu Sone, Makoto Tsuda, Yoshihiko Hirai2011 Volume 80 Issue 3 Pages 333-340
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRice yield in Africa is low due to salinity as well as a low fertility. We investigated the effects of soil nutrient conditions on shoot sodium accumulation in 20 interspecific hybrid rice (NERICA) lines, their parents WAB56−104 (Oryza sativa L.) and CG14 (O. glaberrima Steud.), and 8 O. sativa L. cultivars grown on different types of soil. The rice plants were grown in 0.5 L pots filled with paddy soil or Masa soil which is less fertile, and subjected to saline irrigation (100 mM NaCl) for one week on Masa soil or two weeks on paddy soil from 18 days after sowing. This was because the visible injury by salinization appeared earlier on Masa soil. Leaf age at the beginning of salinization did not vary with the soil type. The average sodium content of shoot in all cultivars on Masa soil was significantly higher than that on paddy soil. In both types of soil, sodium content of shoot was highest in CG14 and lowest in Pokkali (30−40% of CG14). There were large differences in sodium content of shoot among NERICA lines. The highest was close to the value in CG14 and the lowest was lower than that in WAB56−104 (55−65% of CG14). Sodium content of shoot on paddy soil was positively correlated with that on Masa soil. However, the ratio of sodium content of shoot on Masa soil to that on paddy soil significantly varied with the cultivar. These results indicated that there was a large variation in the sodium content of shoot, i.e., salinity tolerance, among NERICA lines. Sodium accumulation in the shoot was increased by salinity more easily on the soil poor in nutrients than on the fertile soil.View full abstractDownload PDF (946K) -
Toshikazu Morishita, Akemi Shimizu2011 Volume 80 Issue 3 Pages 341-345
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of chronic gamma ray irradiation on the growth and grain filling of soybean cultivar ‘Enrei’ was investigated. In the Gamma Field (Hitachiomiya, Japan) soybean plants were irradiated with gamma rays at a dose rate about 2.4 Gy/day for 1−4, 8 or 12 weeks from the seedling stage, 1−4 or 8 weeks from the flowering stage and 1−4 weeks from the middle of the maturing stage. Irradiation from the maturing stage did not decrease the number of seeds. However, irradiation from the seedling or flowering stage decreased the number of seeds with increasing irradiation period and 4-week irradiation slightly less than 50 Gy in total, reduced the seed number to one-third of the control. The reduction of seeds number by irradiation from the seedling stage was caused by the inhibition of growth at the early growth stage, but that from the flowering stage resulted from the increase in the number of unfilled pods. Irradiation for all growing periods increased the number of unfilled pods and reduced the number of seeds extremely when the dose exceeded 1.1 Gy/day (120 Gy in total).View full abstractDownload PDF (1009K)
Modelling, Information and Environment
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−Improvement of GPS Unit Suited for Agricultural Machinery and Development of Software to Discriminate the Field Received Agricultural Work from Track LogKazuyuki Matsuo, Hideo Hamaguchi, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Yoshiaki Watanabe2011 Volume 80 Issue 3 Pages 346-353
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith extending scale of paddy farming in Japan, a handy systematical method for recording agricultural work is required for improving the farming management. From this view point, a hand-held GPS unit was improved to collect the track log of agricultural machine automatically for a long period of time, and software to distinguish the field received machinery work using the track log was developed. Regardless of a slight error due to the GPS and the field map, it was possible to distinguish the field received machinery operation by using log10 (A/T) and D/A (A: area of field (10a) ; T: staying time of machine in the field (sec) ; D: moving distance of machine (m)) as predictor variables in the discriminating analysis. The developed recording system consisted of the improved GPS unit and software was tested on four large-scale farms, and it was effective in determining the location of field and the time of operation. By adding more information, i.e., crop species, names of operators, kinds of work, power sources, attachments etc. to the field list obtained from the track log, the daily record of machinery work can be very useful for the large-scale farmer not only to evaluate the management of crop production and the efficiency of machinery operation but also in planning future works. The seeding time and the harvesting time of wheat in the studied area were defined from the track log with the program developed in this study. The relationships between seeding time and harvesting time or duration of time from seeding to harvesting are shown.View full abstractDownload PDF (2243K)
Research and Technical Note
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Koji Hamada, Yoshiki Mitamura, Naoto Sano, Tetsuya Yamada, Motoki Kane ...2011 Volume 80 Issue 3 Pages 354-359
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHot water disinfection of rice seeds has recently received increased attention as a clean farming technique, because it does not produce waste fluid including harmful chemical compounds. However, the seeds of several rice cultivars are sensitive to heat-shock and could not germinate after disinfection by this method. In addition, some diseases cannot be controlled efficiently by hot water disinfection method. In order to spread this disinfection method, it is necessary to introduce a trait of heat stress tolerance into the seeds of many rice cultivars. For this reason, it is important to find strains whose seeds are tolerant to heat, and to understand the mechanism of the tolerance. The present work showed that the seeds of cultivar “Hitomebore” are more tolerant to a high temperature than “Nipponbare”. Moreover, the results of experiments using seeds with and without hulls revealed that the heat stress tolerance of “Hitomebore” seed is attributed to the features in both hull and brown rice.View full abstractDownload PDF (1112K)
Mini Review
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Tatsuhiko Shiraiwa, Yohei Kawasaki, Koki Homma2011 Volume 80 Issue 3 Pages 360-364
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: August 01, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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