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Volume 68 (1999)
- Issue 4 Pages 453-
- Issue 3 Pages 337-
- Issue 2 Pages 179-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
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Volume 68, Issue 3
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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Hiroyuki DAIMON1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 337-347
Published: September 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Hu Bai1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 348-356
Published: September 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Seedling Establishment in Nontillage Rice Cultivation under the Stands of Several Green Manure CropsHisao NAKANO, Shinichi SUGIMOTO1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 357-363
Published: September 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRice plants cv. Kibinohana were seeded under stands of Chinese milk vetch, crimson clover, hairy vetch, alsike clover, and on bare ground, on April 15, 28, and May 13 in 1994 and on May 8 in 1995. On April 23, 30, and May 9 in 1996 and on April 16, 25, and May 12 in 1997, under alfalfa in addition to the above four stands and on bare ground rice seeds were sown. The light intensity under the canopy of hairy vetch, alsike clover, and alfalfa was 5-10% daylight, and under Chinese milk vetch and crimson clover was about 20%. Under hairy vetch, alsike clover, and alfalfa, the number of emerged rice seedlings was significantly lower than those that emerged on bare ground, and the lower they were, the earlier the seeding date. On the other hand, under Chinese milk vetch and crimson clover, the emerged rice seedling were nearly the same in number as those that emerged on bare ground, and they were not significantly influenced by seeding dates. Several seedlings under hairy vetch, alsike clover, and alfalfa died under the canopy and during the period from the beginning of irrigation to early July, when light was no longer intercepted by green manure crops. Consequently, the rate of rice seedling establishment under hairy vetch, alsike clover, and alfalfa were markedly lower than on bare ground. Under Chinese milk vetch and crimson clover, however, the rate was nearly the same as on bare ground.View full abstractDownload PDF (1036K) -
Naoki ENDO, Chihomi KASAI, Mitsuo IMURA1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 364-369
Published: September 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA field trial was conducted to establish an economic and environment-conservative rice culture. The yields of the direct-sowed paddy rice cultivated using Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) as green manure and conventionally transplanted paddy rice cultivated using Chinese milk vetch or azolla (Azolla imbricata (Roxb.) Nakai) were compared with those cultivated using chemical fertilizers. The length of the period from plowing of Chinese milk vetch under the soil to the beginning of irrigation and puddling did not affect any yielding characters in either culture. The yield in the plot with Chinese milk vetch was about 30% lower than that in the plot with chemical fertilizers in the direct-sowed rice and about 10% lower in the conventionally transplanted rice. In this study, azolla did not increase rice yield, and further studies are needed to determine the effective method for application of azolla onto the rice field.View full abstractDownload PDF (988K) -
Yuji MATSUE, Takefumi OGATA1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 370-374
Published: September 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, the influences of environmental conditions on the protein content of grain at different positions within a rice panicle were studied. The protein content of basal spikelets (BS) was higher than that of terminal spikelets (TS) and that of spikelets in the middle position on a panicle (SM) under all the environmental conditions studied. BS, TS, and SM produced in the lodging plot had the highest protein content, and BS, TS, and SM produced in the non nitrogen fertilizer plot had the lowest. BS showed a larger variation in the protein content (4.1%) than TS (2.2%) and SM (3.2%) did. Among BS, SM, and TS, there was an inversely proportional relationship between the protein content and the crude grain weight, and a proportional relationship between the amount of protein in a grain and the crude grain weight. Therefore, the high protein content of spikelets with low grain weight could be due to the deficiency of starch accumulation in rice endosperm as shown by the decrease in the amount of protein. It was concluded that variations in the protein content within a rice panicle were caused by the diffrerences in the crude grain weight, which was closely related to the flowering order of spikelets.View full abstractDownload PDF (857K) -
Hiroomi ASANO, Katsunori ISOBE, Yoshio TSUBOKI1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 375-378
Published: September 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of harvest time on the quality and protein content of paddy rice cultivated by using an Aigamo duck (crossbreed of wild and domestic ducks) farming system was examined. Prefect rice grain was increased with the delay of cultivation was 7.3+0.1%, and that of Koshibikari in the 5th year of Aigamo cultivation (the 7th year of organic cultivation) was 7.8+0.4%. The protein content of Koshihikari under Aigamo cultivation was deceased 0.7% at most by a 10-day delay of the harvest time from the mature stage. Yield components were influenced by the harvest time only slightly, and the yield was slightly increased by delaying the harvest time. The rate of grren-kerneled rice was closely correlated with the protein content, and the protein content decreased with decreasing rate of green-kerneled rice. In the evaluation by sensory test for palatability, the best was early harvest, followed by late harvest and maturity harvest, in this order. This tendency was notable particularly in the rice in the 5th year of Aigamo cultivation (the 7th year of organic cultivation). These results suggest that 10-day delay of the harvest time from the usual time decreases the rate of green-kerneled rice, increases the crop yield, and improves palatability by decreasing the protein content in the brown rice.View full abstractDownload PDF (777K) -
Zhichao ZHAO, Kiyoshi TAKAHASHI1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 379-384
Published: September 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo examine the factors affecting the emergence and establishment of rice seedlings, we tested FAO-designated germ plasm 207 cultivars (indica rice 137 cultivars, japonica rice 56 cultivars, and unexplained ecospecies 14 cultivars) collected from throughout the world. In the first experiment, the seeds were sown in nursery soil at a seeding depth of 3.0cm. Seeded pots were kept in a greenhouse at 30/25°C for 21 days. The ratio of the established plants (REP) to total plants was measured at 21 days after seeding. As a result, 13 cultivars, 6.3% of the total tested showed the best REP, i.e., 100-80%. These include 7 indica types and 6 japonica types of rice. In the second experiment, 75 cultivars were selected as the materials. The plants were grown under the same conditions as the first experiment, but the seeding depths were 1.0 and 3.0 cm. The chlorophyll contents of the second leaf blades and REP were measured at 2 and 3 weeks after seeding, respectively. The REP showed no correlation to seed weight, whereas correlation existed between REP and the values of chlorophyll contents of the second leaf blades at 1 cm and 3 cm seeding depths 2 weeks after seeding. In conclusion, seedling establishment seemed to be affected by the rate of increase in the chlorophyll contents of the leaves.View full abstractDownload PDF (1036K) -
Eiki KURODA, Shin ABE, Fukuko ISHIBASHI, Mitsugu HIRANO, Takao MURATA1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 385-389
Published: September 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVarietal differences in the number of panicles per hill and in the relationship between the number of spikelets per hill and the number of spikelets per panicle on each order tiller in the rice plant were investigated. The number of panicles per hill among the rice varieties studied ranged from 18 to 30. Although this difference was due to the number of panicles on the primary and secondary tillers, it was more greatly influenced by the latter. No significant relationship was observed statistically between the number of panicles per hill and the total number of spikelets per hill. However, the number of panicles per hill showed a significant negative correlation with the number of spikelets per panicle on each tiller and also with the average number of spikelets per panicle on the hill. The slope of the regression line for the relationship of the number of spikelets per panicle on each order tiller to the number of panicles per hill was in the following order : main stem < primary tiller < secondary tiller. The varieties with a larger number of panicles per hill showed smaller differences in the number of spikelets per panicle among each tiller. The number of spikelets on the main stems showed a significant positive correlation with the number of spikelets per panicle on the primary and secondary tillers. Thus the varieties that had larger numbers of spikelets on the main stems also had large numbers of spikelets per panicle on the primary and secondary tillers.View full abstractDownload PDF (924K) -
Keisuke SUGAI, Yusuke GOTO, Mitsuo SAITO, Iwao NISHIYAMA1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 390-395
Published: September 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of stepwise raising of the water level on tiller emergence in rice were examined. When the plant age counted by leaf number on the main stem was 7.5, the plants were submerged to the level of the lamina joint of the 7th leaf. Thereafter, with the advancement of plant age, the water level was raised to the level of the lamina joint of the uppermost leaf. Tiller emergence was restrained during the first 13 days after the start of the deep-water treatment. Thus, the increase in tiller number per plant and the increase rate of tiller number were smaller in the deep-water plot than in the control plot during this period. However, the percentage of tillers that appeared between the 13th and 18th day after the start of the treatment was the same in both plots. This was because the increase rate of tiller number in the deep-water plot was higher than in the control plot during this period. We assume that the plants had adapted physiologically and morphologically to deep-water during this period. In the deep-water plot, tillers did not emerge from the nodes where the tillering had been restrained before the 13th day, but emerged from the upper nodes. Thus, it is clear that once the tillers failed to emerge in deep-water they could not emerge again even if the conditions for the emergence were improved thereafter.View full abstractDownload PDF (1002K) -
Kuniyuki SAITOH, Sachiko ISOBE, Toshiro KURODA1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 396-400
Published: September 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIntraraceme variation in the numbers of flowers and pod set was examined on the terminal raceme and basal raceme in a field-grown soybean (cv. Tachisuzunari). Flowers opened from the basal to the 10th position on the peduncle and it took 6 days for full opening. Although flowers tended to abort earlier at the basal position, the order of abortion within the raceme was not clear. The percent pod set per flower was higher at the basal position (50-70%) than at a higher position. Most of the flowers at higher than the 6th position aborted. The rate of pod set per raceme greatly varied with the flowers per raceme ranging from 0 to 100%. With the increase in the number of flowers per raceme, the rate of pod set per raceme decreased, but the number of pods per raceme increased. It was concluded that the increase in the number of flowers per raceme contributes to a higher seed yield through the increase in the number of pods set per raceme.View full abstractDownload PDF (801K) -
Hiroyasu )MICHIYAMA, Shigeki SAKURAI1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 401-407
Published: September 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied the growth and development of common buckwheat grown in the growth chambers (natural sunlight type) with the controlled day-night air temperatures 30-24°C, 25-19°C and 19-15°C in Experiment 1 and 25-15°C, 23-17°C and 20-20°C in Experiment 2. The length and elongation rate of the main stem were greater at relatively high temperatures (25-19°C) than at low temperatures (19-15°C). In the highest temperature condition (30-24°C), although the main stem was the longest in the early stage, the elongation rate was lower and the elongating period was shorter than in lower temperature conditions, giving rise to the shortest final main stem length. They had slender stems, and almost all plants lodged in this condition. The hypocotyle was more slender than the first to third internodes. The higher the temperature, the more slender the hypocotyle and the shape of the plant was unstable to stand upright at high temperatures. The comparison of the plants grown in different day and night temperature conditions with the same daily mean temperature showed that the rate of main stem elongation was lower, the smaller the day-night temperature difference (DIF). The developmental growth such as flowering, the number of leaves, nodes and flower clusters on the main stem was mainly influenced by the daily mean temperature irrespective of DIF.View full abstractDownload PDF (1146K) -
Yoriyuki NAKAMURA1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 408-413
Published: September 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVarietal differences in root system morphology in tea-rooted cuttings were examined by using a cylindrical net (radius of 3 cm) in a nursery bed. To determine the spatial distribution of the root, 11 tea cultivars were grown for about 9 months. The depth of the root penetration site on the net from the horizonal, the primary root length out of the net, and the root's total fresh weight were measured. The horizontal distance of the root tip from the stem, the vertical root depth, the actual root length, and the spreading angle of the root system were calculated. A principal component analysis was used to identify the important characteristics of the tea root system morphology. The root system morphology was primarily determined by the spatial distribution of the root and the root amount as an index of the root number and weight, in which the cultivar varied significantly. Yamanoibuki, Okuhikari, Sayamakaori, and Meiryoku formed in a relatively large root system, but Kanayamidori, Ooiwase, and Saemidori formed in a small root system. Fushun showed the large root amount and the small spreading angle of the root system ; Okumidori showed a large spreading angle of the system.View full abstractDownload PDF (1054K) -
Takayoshi TERAUCHI, Hitoshi NAKAGAWA, Makoto MATSUOKA, Hiroshi NAKANO, ...1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 414-418
Published: September 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSugarcane, a high photosynthesis ability C4 plant, has a low yield in comparison with it's long cropping duration because of slow growth during the early stage and climatic damage. The growth of sugarcane and sweet sorghum is compared during the early stage to account for the overall slow growth of sugarcane. The dry weight of sweet sorghum variety Brandes, that has longer stalks, a greater number of leaves, and a wider leaf area, was five times greater than the dry weight of the sugarcane varieties NiF3 and RK65-37 forty-seven days after germination. The net assimilation rate (NAR), which indicates a rate of apparent photosynthesis, did not differ between the crops. The leaf area of sweet sorghum rapidly expanded 20 days after germination, though dry matter partitioning of the leaves did not differ between the crops. The high specific leaf area (SLA) of sweet sorghum enabled a wider leaf area within the same amount of dry matter. The larger leaf area extension with a high SLA leaf blade of sorghum contributes to its rapid growth during the early stage. This suggests that SLA can be an index of the early growth of sugarcane. It is known that high-density planting contributes to the rapid growth of the sugarcane community, although an overabundance of stalk density causes stalk decay. Dr matter production was not different in different tiller types of sugarcane varieties. Thes suggests that high-density planting with fewer tiller varieties contributes to the rapid growth of the community without an overabundance of stalk density.View full abstractDownload PDF (910K) -
Kunio MIURA, Yoshiharu WADA, Kazuyuki WATANABE1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 419-423
Published: September 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was conducted to examine the factors determining the changes in dry weight and respiration rate during the storage period in the 1st and 2nd year seed corms of a major Japanese cultivar "Harunakuro". The respiration rate per unit dry weight was 1.5 times higher in the 1st year seed corms than in the 2nd year seed corms at the beginning of storage. However, the difference in the rate between the 1st and 2nd year seed corms was slight, after storage for 12 weeks. Varietal difference in the respiration rate per unit dry weight was significant among the 1st year seed corms, but was not significant among the 2nd and the 3rd year seed corms. The respiration rate of seed corms increased exponentially with an increase in temperature with a coefficient (Q10) of aproximately 3.7 from 5 to 20°C. The respiration rate of the seed corms was positively correlated with the surface area per unit dry weight (r=0.981***). Thus, the respiration rate of the seed corms at a given temperature depended mainly on the size and shape of the seed corms. Dry weight loss due to respiration in the 1st and 2nd year seed corms during the 12-week storage period was estimated to be 4.5 and 3.4% at 10°C and 8.4 and 6.3% at 15°C, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (899K) -
Noritomo NAKAMURA, Shigeto KAWASHIMA1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 424-432
Published: September 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEnvironmental characterisitics of a tea plantation area under various environmental conditions from highland to coastal areas were clarified, and the relation between the quality of tea and these characteristics was examined by using LANDSAT/TM, a meteorological observation, and near-infrared spectroscopy data. Daytime ground surface temperatures were found to be less at higher altitudes, and at nighttime the temperatures were high in frostless tea fields and low in flat tea fields. The ground surface temperature range was less at higher altitudes in tea plantation areas, flat tea fields, and coastal areas. In frostless tea fields and mountain slope tea fields, this range was small. The quality of tea was found to be closely related to ground surface temperatures during nocturnal cooling in early spring and better with low ground surface temperatures. Multiple regression analysis indicated tea quality to be determined by the spectral vegetation index, altitude, and ground surface temperatures.View full abstractDownload PDF (1918K) -
Takayuki NAKANO1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 433-439
Published: September 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn perennial crops such as woody plants, a big problem has been how to fix an initial day for a growth period to an appearance day of the objective character in a growth model by using meteorological factors. In tea plants, mature shoots with many leaves have a lateral bud at each leaf axil. Several investigations have shown that a skiffing operation, which means cutting shoots, promoted the growth of the top lateral bud. It suggested that a skiffing day could be considered an initial day. About 120 growth data obtained by skiffings from autumn of 1993 to spring of 1997 for two tea varieties of Yabukita and Okuhikari were analyzed. A growth period from the skiffing to the opening time of the first leaf was observed to be shortened by skiffings from spring to summer, but it would be lengthened by skiffings from autumn to winter. In the growth model, a skiffing time and an opening time of the first leaf were assumed as a Developmental Index (DVI) =0 and DVE=1, respectively. The Developmental Rate (DVR), which means an increment of DVI a day, was found by the following function : DVR=a/[1+exp {-b (T-c)}] / [1+exp {-d (D-e)}] where a, b, c, d, and e are parameters, T is mean average air temperature, and D is day length. Their functions were checked concerning their adaptability as the DVR and concluded to be a reasonable function to estimate the DVR of lateral buds.View full abstractDownload PDF (1247K) -
Kumi F. OOSATO, Yuji HAMACHI, Souichirou IMABAYASHI1999 Volume 68 Issue 3 Pages 440-443
Published: September 05, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDoubled haploid (DH) lines by using an anther culture technique and conventional breeding (CB) lines of rice were compared for grain yield and palatability. No difference was found between the mean heading date of the DH and CB lines. The mean yield of the DH lines. During selections of the CB lines, yield was not measured, but the selections by observation for good plant type must have resulted into a high yield of the CB lines, no selection for palatability was conducted and only selection by observation for grain appearance was conducted, which had little effect on palatability. To obtain high-yield lines, it is necessary to culture more anthers or to increae the efficiency of each process of anther culture and select the DH lines from a large population size. A highly palatable line, Chikushi 26, was developed by anther culture.View full abstractDownload PDF (631K)
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