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Volume 25 (1956 - 195･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 197-
- Issue 3 Pages 131-
- Issue 2 Pages 57-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 25, Issue 4
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Kunio TORIYAMA, Ryoichi TOYOKAWA1957 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 197-198
Published: July 01, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects ot Low-temperatures (17°C and 20°C) given at various growth stages on soydean plants were studied. When treated at the flowering time, the flowering number of the plant became very few or it did not flower at all. On such a case cleistogmy was observed, and sterile grains and 1 grained-Pods increased in number, the grainweight being reduced.View full abstractDownload PDF (439K) -
Morimasa YAMASAKI, Kiichi HANADA1957 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 199-202
Published: July 01, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe resistances to KClO3 toxicity of slightly germinated wheat seeds were tested after being vernalized at 0°C for 7, 12, 28, 45 and 60 days respectively, comparing with control (nonvernalized ones). Almost always, the resistance increased evidently by vernalization. In spring type and intermediate one, the increments were slight after the short period treatments, though after 28 or more days treatments they became remarkable. In winter type, however, the resistance increased markedly all over the periods of vernalization. Moreover, the increments of the resistances appeared to be greater in winter wheat than in the spring one. The correlations between the resistances and the winter nature intensities in the employed 6 varieties, in which highly negative correlations were observed between those two characters when they were not vernalized, decreased by vernalization, no correlation being recognized for 60 days period which seems to be long enough for vernalizing winter wheat. From these results, the increased resistances are probably related to the flower initiating process by vernalization, as well as to the direct effect of low temperature. Sugars and ascorbic acid contents increased by vernalization. When the vernalized seeds had been transferred to high temperature (15°C), reducing sugar content became less in the vernalized seeds than in the control, sucrose and ascorbic acid content, however, showed no such relation. Reducing sugar and ascorbic acid have been thought to be, related closely to KClO3 resistance, that is, the more those matters a plant contained, the less the resistance. the plant shows. In this study, the reducing sugar showed the above-mentioned relation with KClO3 resistance, but in ascorbic acid content this relation was hardly recognized.View full abstractDownload PDF (658K) -
XXXIX-XL. On the mechanism of ripening (5-6)Seizo MATSUSHIMA, Takio MANAKA, Kosei TSUNODA1957 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 203-206
Published: July 01, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSI. Effects of temperatures and light intensities. In 1955 and 1956, rice plants were subjected to 20 conditions differently controlled by temperatures and light intensities in different 10-day periods in growth, and the compound effects of temperature and light intensity on the ripening of rice grains were examined. 1) Under compound conditions of high temperatures and reduced light intensities, most unfavourable effects on ripening were brought about, and the effects of reduced light intensities were the more intesitive under the higher temperatures, especially on the milk-ripe stage. (cf. Figs. 1 and 2.) 2) It was considered to be worthy of attention that a high constant temperature (31-32°C) as well as a low temperature (21-20°C) in reduction division stage seemed to reduce the percentage of fertilized grains to a considerable extent. 3) An optimum temperature for ripening on the ripening stage seemed to be 22°C, approximately, when the temperatures were kept constant during the day and the night, and higher temperatures than 25°C showed unfavourable effects on ripening of rice grains. And it was made clear from the following experiment that high temperatures in nighttime are much more harmful on ripening of rice grains than those in daytime. II. Effects of the range of daily temperature. In 1956, rice plants were subjected to different ranges of daily temperature in different 10-day periods of their growth, to examine the effects of temperature ranges on the ripening of rice grains. 1) Marked effects on ripening were found in the periods from reduction division stage to yellow-ripe stage, and, in most cases, favourable effects were brought about by the ranges of 10°C or 15°C, but the optimum ranges for ripening varied with day temperatures and growth stages. 2) An important fact was found that there exists an optimum night temperature for ripening on each stage of growth independently of day temperaures, as seen in Fig.3. It was considered worthy of notice that optimum night temperatures on the ripening stages seem to be considerably low. 3) On the other hand, an optimum day temperature for ripening on each growh stage could hardly be seen, except for reduction devision stage. (An optimum day temperature on reduction devision stage seemed to be about 31°C.)View full abstractDownload PDF (636K) -
Tomoshiro TAKEDA1957 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 207-209
Published: July 01, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor studying photosynthetic rate of crop plants cultivated in the field, usually the natural sun-light is used as light source. However, the intensities of natural sunlight received by crop plants are not only subject to variations with the season of the year, the time of day, and the meteoro-logical conditions, but also different representation of its intensities may be observed by the change of measuning method (cf. Fig. 1). Therefore, it may be expected that the relationship between the light intensity and the photosynthetic rate varies due to the different representations of light intensities. Based on diurnal course of photosynthetic rate obtained by meanes of "infrared CO2-analysing recorder", author made two kinds of light curves by arranging photosynthetic rate in accordance with the received light intensities of normal and horizontal incidences. It can better be represented by arranging in accordance with the light intensity of horizontal incidence rather than the normal, with the light curve, which is of light unsaturating type (cf. Fig. 3). On the otherhand when the light curve is of light saturating type (cf. Fig. 2), it can be represented by arranging in accordance with either the latter or the former (regardless of isolated or community conditions).View full abstractDownload PDF (558K) -
Masae HAYASHI, Nobuo KONAKA, Gyozo IGARASHI1957 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 210-211
Published: July 01, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRice plants, of two varieties, cultured early in the season-transplanted May 3- in comparison with those raised in an ordinary season-transplanted June 20- were studied in retard to the coloring phenomenon in their roots on ill-drained boggy, soils. Accumulation of starch in the basal parts of their leaf-sheaths and culms and Eh6 and temperature of the soil in relation to the phenomenon were examined. I. In both of the cases compared, coloring of the roots became conspicuous at the stage of tillering climax when the starch contents in the culm-and leaf-sheath-bases began to decrease. Especially dark-brown colored roots were found highest in number at the time little after the early panicle-formation-stage of the plant, showing no clear differences between the early and ordinary cultures, while the occurrence of the black colored roots which reached the maximum of number about at the heading-stage were more frequent in the early culture plants. The phenomenon seemed not to be affected by the soil temperature, but was assumed to be related to some physiological conditions of the plant connected to lower Eh6 of the soil. II. Results obtained by various kinds of soil from many places in Cihba Prefecture tested, indicated almost similar relations as above mentioned.View full abstractDownload PDF (415K) -
Masayuki INOSAKA1957 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 212-213
Published: July 01, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDifferences of the rice varieties, Norin-No.1, Yutaka-senbon and Haruta-Asahi in the developmental of the shoot apex during the growth of the plants were examined. The results obtined are summarised as follows : Definite varietal differences were observed among the three varieties in the period during which the increase of the number of cells in the shoot apex surpassed its width enlargement. The decline in the increase of the number of cells in proportion to the enlargement of the width in Haruta-Asahi took place earlier than in the other varieties ; it began after the leaves in the early tillering stage were initiated on the shoot apex, and continued till the reproductive leaf (leaf No. 12) appeared on the apex. This variety had not so many tillers as the others. Though the period in which the number of cells was higher in proportion to the width in Yutaka-senbon was longer than that of Haruta. Asahi, this proportion declined as the reproductive leaf (leaf No. 12) appeared on the shoot apex. This variety had comparatively rich tillers, the tillers in its late tillering stage, however, becoming invalid. The high proportion of the number of cells to the width in Norin-No.1 were maintained for some time after the reproductive leaf (leaf No. 9) appeared on the shoot apex. This variety tillered ever in the earlier stage of the differentiation of the young ear primordia and the percentage of the available tillers was higher than in Yutaka-senbon. Judging from the results mentioned above, it is certain that there are varietal differences in the changes of the shoot apex during the growth of the rice plant, and that there is a close relation between those differences and those in the external properties of the variety.View full abstractDownload PDF (412K) -
Atsuhiko KUMURA1957 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 214-218
Published: July 01, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUnder various nitrogen conditions rice plants, var. Norin-No. 29 were cultivated and its influences on the ripening process were investigated. Results obtained mav be summarized as follows : (1) Grain yield increased with the increase of nitrogen, supplied during ripening period, but too much nitrogen reduced the yield. (2) Such effect of nitrogen were observed when the fertilizer was applied one week before heading time and 5 days after heading but could hardly be observed when it was given 18 days after heading. (3) The plants which were deficient in nitrogen were inhibited rather in the later process of ripening than, the earlier, but reverse result was observed in the plant which had the abandant supply of nitrogen. (4) The inhibition of ripening under nitrogen deficient contition was due to the decrease in photosynthetic activity of leaves but under excessive nitrogenic condition the inhibition of ripening was due to the inhibition of translocation of photosynthesized matter to panicle. (5) The lowest nitrogen level in average of about 1.0-1.4% from 5 to 35days after heading should be maintaind in the leaf blade in order to obtain the best ripening.View full abstractDownload PDF (776K) -
Yomisu OKAMOTO1957 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 219-221
Published: July 01, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe growths of water-cultured rice plants to which silica was supplied at different growth stages (Fig. 1), were observed, and the following results were obtained : 1) Heights of the plants grown with nutrient solutions lacking in silica throughout the whole period together with those grown with silica for a short part of the period were all lower than those of the plants supplying silica for longer periods. 2) There were found no differences in the number of stem and leaf due to the treatment, but it was evidently recognized that the plants supplied with silica only for a shorter period produced many small tillers and many of those withered quickly. 3) SiO2 contents and weights of dry matter in each organ of the plants were larger by the long period silica treatment. According to the facts above mentioned, it may be concluded that silicon is an essential element for rice plant and its normal growth is attained by supplying silica for a period as long as possible.View full abstractDownload PDF (549K) -
Isamu BABA, Iwaho IWATA, Yasuo TAKAHASHI1957 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 222-224
Published: July 01, 1957
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS(1) Absorption of P2O5 was remarkably inhibited just at the same degree as K2O. by the addition of H2S to nutrient solution when H2S was given at the first time to the plant which had been grown without H2S, whereas it was little inhibited or rather promoted after continuous addition of H2S (Fig. 1). (2) Translocation of some nutrients such as CaO and SiO2 was assumed to be retarded in part by the decreased transpiration dud to H2S. (3) From the result of a water culture experiment in which H2S was added during the period from the stage of vigorous tillering stage to that of young-ear formation, it was found that the addition of H2S gave the most unfavorable effect on the yield (weight of ears per plant) and on the resistance to the disease with the plant grown in complete nutrient solution, because of the inhibition in the absorption of many nutrients, whereas it gave less effect with the plant grown in the solutions lacking in N, K2O, SiO2 and MnO, because absorption-inhibition of lacking nutrients could not take place here (Fig. 2). Accordingly the decrease of yield and resistance to the disease caused by H2S seems to be mainly attributable to the absorption-inhibition of some nutrients such as N, K2O, SiO2 and MnO at least in this experiment.View full abstractDownload PDF (528K)
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