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Volume 23 (1954 - 195･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 239-
- Issue 3 Pages 155-
- Issue 2 Pages 87-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 23, Issue 2
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Tsunetoshi SHIBUYA, Masayuki SUZUKI1954 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 87-91
Published: December 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperiment was carried out at field set up in reclaimed land where is usually seen a high prodection of unfilled peanut fruits, and the results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. By the size, it was unable to distinguish unfilled fruit from normal one, as the both showed normal development. 2. Meanwhile, the growth of seeds involved is quite different. In unfilled fruit it is abnormally retarded, showing a slightly brown colored spot on the seed surface at beginning, which changes later into dark brown coloration spreading over the whole surface and make the seeds shrink when extremely advanced. This coloration was certified as not induced by pathological disease, and is applicable as a special sig to identify the unfilling. 3. The unfilled fruit began to appear at the stage of 15 days after penetration of gynophore into soil, and increased suddenly at 20th-day stage up to about 70% of total unfilled fruits occurred, and further added the number slightly by 50th-day stage resulting in about 70% of total fruits produced. Thus the abnormal unfilling seeds involve various sizes of defferent stages. 4. Calcium showed beneficial effect for filling as reported by previous authors. When the soil was separated into fruiting zone and rooting zone by tin-plate cylinder, the aplication of calcium for the former produced the unfilling less than 20%; applicetion to the latter showed more than 30%, while the both zone application induced perfect filling in striking contrast with the on calcium plot where unfilling occurs more than 70%. 5. The unfilling initiates at one cavity of two-seeded fruit at beginning, and advances later to another one, inducing perfectly unfilled fruit. This fact means the unfilling is the lighter the less is the two-cavities unfilling.View full abstractDownload PDF (694K) -
Toshioki SHIBUYA1954 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 92-95
Published: December 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) Rice varieties used in this experiment showed such a diurnal fluctuation of rooting activity as the activity of the seedlings picked in the afternoon was superior to those in the morning. The rooting activity was controlled by the diurnal darkness and the temperature before and after picking and transplantation. The darkness was apt to decrease rooting activity, but the light was contrary, and relatively high temperature was effective in promoting the decrease under darkness and the increase under light. It was suggested that a special phytohormone which has relation to rooting activity might be produced when seedlings were picked in the morning and preserved during a day-time under sunshine. It is obvious that the diurnal fluctuation of rooting activity in rice seedlings is originated in the photoperiodical and thermoperiodical range in a day. The effect of light or darkness and temperature on rooting activity was fundamental, and the late application of Ammonium-sulfate to seed-bed, the absorption of α-Naphthalen acetic acid or of 2.4-D somewhat modified it. 2) Temperature of the night during which the keeping of seedlings was done influenced significantly upon the dry matter persentage and total sugar percentage of them, for instance, the high temperature made these percentage to decrease, but the low temperature not always did. The seedlings picked in the morning and kept in seed-bed during a day-time had an increase of the dry matter percentage and total sugar percentage over those picked in morning and immediately followed by transplanting. 3) In field experiments, MM (morning picking and morning transplantation) was always inferior to EE (evening picking and evening transplantation) as to tillers' number, especiallyduring early stage of growth. This superiority of EE to MM plants was, nuder a favorable weather, observed to last to later stage of growth, but under cool and cloudy weather, the superiority of EE to MM at the early stage of growth was not always continued to the later stage. The yield of EE was greater than that of MM under both kinds of weather mentioned above, for the number of ears in EE under a favorable weather was more than that in MM and the size of ear in EE under an unfavorable weather was larger than that in MM.View full abstractDownload PDF (528K) -
Kaichi ARASHI, Shuichi HOSOKAWA1954 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 96-98
Published: December 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this study, authors tried to compare the rice plants grown in normal and "Akiochi" paddy fields, with resdect to the seasonal changes of starch content in their sheathes. In "Akiochi" plant, the changes of strch content in each sheath showed the same tendency as in normal one, but there was evident difference quantitatively. In the 6-9th leaf sheathes, there was no evident difference between the starch content in them, but from the 1Oth order upwards starch content was lower in "Akiochi" plant than healthy plant, and the difference became greater according to the leaf order. This fact seems to be connected with poor development of grains in "Akiochi" plant. Since the stage when starch had begun to accumulate in the 1Oth sheath (unavailable tilling stage), "Akiochi" plant became to be poor in its nutritive condition and this stage, also, was corresponding to the appearance of Helminthosporium spots. So, in this case, initiation of this disease can be recognized as the first indication of "Akiochi" phenomenon. The decreasing rate of sheath dry weight from the maximum in "Akiochi" plant was also smaller than the normal one. The main reason for this difference is supposed to be the difference of starch content between them.View full abstractDownload PDF (433K) -
Hiroshi KURITA, Toshi OHNUKI1954 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 99-102
Published: December 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to compare the forms of rice culture at the present time in Japan, and to research some of the conditions having influence upon their local characteristics, we have investigated 1, 001 towns and villages, which have been drawn from all of the country by random systematic sampling of one-tenth. Relation between day length, temperature and rice growing season was studied in this first report. According to the result of this investigation, rice growing seasons can be grouped into two cases, later or earlier seeding and transplanting toward each limits. And we ascertained rice culture has been performed with right varieties and by suitable methods, coresponding to day length and temperature in each stage of growing. In the first case, seeding can be hastened by taking the proper nursery bed forms against the low temperature injury in the early stage of growing, and the earlist limits are observed to be at the time when the temperature rises more than 5°C∼10°C in spring. In the second case, transplanting is performed at 90∼110 days, at least 70 days, before the time when temperature fall downs below 15°C in autumn, because rice plant needs at least 45 days interval between heading date and that day in autumn.View full abstractDownload PDF (509K) -
Hiroshi KURITA, Iwao YAMAMURA1954 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 103-104
Published: December 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have investigated by using the same materials as these of previous report the relation between day length temperature and heading time of those rice varieties that are principal in every towns and villages sampled in 1951. Aaccording to many studies, we may explain the result of this research as follows. Generally, when basic vegetative grown is completed, rice plant turned into ear differentiating stage. But this differentiation is to be contorolled by day-length and temperature ; differentiation is inhibited under certain degree of long day-length or low temperature in this stage, and range of inhibiting day-length and temperature differs with varities. In practical culture, we expect rice plant not only to sprout ear, but also to bring good harvest. Therefor the suitable variety and season are choosen against contorol of long day and low temperature. When we calculated the length of the shortest intervals between transplanting and heading, all varieties, from the earliest one-Norin 20 to the latest one Zuiho, show 50∼75 days. We consider the minimum quantity of growth for normal yield may be achieved within these daysView full abstractDownload PDF (419K) -
Iwaho SUZUTA1954 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 105-106
Published: December 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo ascertin one of the morphological characters of glutinous and non-glutinuons grains, the thickness of grains was measured, using as material the both kinds of grains in F1 plant. When glutinous grains were desicated, their appearance turns to milky white and shrinks about 2% more than starchy ones. This difference seems to be due to difference of Amylose and Amylopectin content in endosperm of their genotypes.View full abstractDownload PDF (329K) -
Nobuo MURAKOSHI1954 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 107-109
Published: December 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere are three crop types in Tokachi, Hokkaido. Naked barley and flax are in the first crop type, rice, corn and legumes in the second type and sugarabeets and cereals in the fifth type. The climatic type of Tokachi is BC'b and that of Aomori prefecture BC'a. The same latitude in the continental locations differ in the precipitation effectiveness index (after C. W. Thornthwaite) as B to C. The type of the northern, middle and southern part of the continental regions are respectively CC'b, CC'a and CC'a'. Four crops such as rice, barley, soybeans and sugarbeets show the same crop type without the difference of the precipitation effectiveness index. Two crops such as rice and soybeans show the same crop type regardless of the difference of mean temperature of the hottest month (after W. Koppen). The highest value of summation of the correlation coefficient between crop yields and monthly meteorological data is shown by the temperature in these six crops-rice, wheat oats, soybeans, small red beans and sugarbeets ; by the hours of sunshine in five crops-naked barley, field beans, peas, potatoes and flax and by the amount of rainfall in two crops-barley and corn. Naked barley and corn in May, rice, wheat, soybeans, small red beans, potatoes and flax in June, barley and peas in July, oats and sugarbeets in August and field beans in September show the monthly highest value of summation of the correlation coefficient. We can predict the yield of rice from June to August ; of oats from July to August ; of soybeans from June to July and of sugarbeets from July to September. In another crops we can also predict the yield by the highest monthly value of the correlation coefficient.View full abstractDownload PDF (463K) -
Keishi URANO, Yasushi TANAKA, Shigehisa KIYOSAWA1954 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 110-115
Published: December 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRelations between the amount of growth hormone produced in the tip of coleoptile and the length of mesocotyl in the maize plant were studied. The results obtained are as follows: (1) The maximum amount of growth hormone was observed in the seedlings 5-days old at 24°C. (2) The length of mesocotyl was positively correlated with the amount of growth hormone (r=+0.84** p<0.001) (3) The mesocotyl length in the mostly varieties recently introduced from America was generally longer than that in the Japanease varieties (tropical flint), and the amount of growth hormone produced in the tip of coleoptiles was larger in the American varieties that in the Japanease ones.View full abstractDownload PDF (683K) -
Keishi URANO, Toru MACHIDA, Yasushi TANAKA, Toshishige YONEKUBO1954 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 116-120
Published: December 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperimental studies were conducted through thirteen years, from 1939 to 1951 at Kikyogahara Experimental Farms of Nagano Agricultural Experiment Station. The fields had newly been reclaime from waste conditiond an the soil was volcanic ash in the origin, and the results of investigation are as follows : (1) The regression of the crop yields on successive years were interpreted. (Fig. 1) In all the experimental plots fertilized continuousty, the maize yields decreased gradually through those 13 years, except the plots with no nitrogen and the plots supplied with compost and no nitrogen. (2) In the plots with No P, No K and NPK respectively withoutt compost supply, the plant growth were reduced in later years, until there were obtained no yields in the years from 1943 to 1947. The retarding in plant growth might be attributed to the injury of soil acidity caused by continuous years from application of ammonium sulphate. (3) The results of physical and chemical analysis of the soils of such deteriorating plots indicated that the soil had become more acidic and contained larger amounts of water soluble Al than the other plots, the exchange acidity (Y1) of soils in the No P, No K, NPK, and the control plots being 14.76, 13.11, 16.00, and 1.88, respectively, while no decided difference in soil porosity and soil volume, in water were ditected among there plots. (4) In the earlier years of experiment, the effects of the three main elements were P>N>K in the order of intensity, when no inorganic fertilizers were added, and were N>P>K in the order when inorganic and organic fertilizers were applied in combination. (5) The effects of the application compost and of lime were remarkable.View full abstractDownload PDF (625K) -
Takasi SIMURA, Akira WATANABE, Terutaka KANOO1954 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 121-127
Published: December 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the purpose of investigating the physiological properties of the tea plant with regards to the cold resistance, the experiments were carried out from November in 1952 to March in 1953, using two triploid and 6 diploid varieties. Autumn branches of each variety were gathered every 10 days for 4 months from November and they were kept under the constant temperature regulated to -5°C, -10°C and -15°C by the electric refrigerator for 30, 60 and 120 minutes respectively. After the treatment cold injuries of leaves were observed. Simultaneously the content of water and reducing sugar of leaves, and refractive index of leaf-juice were investigated. Resistance of the plant to low temperature gradually increased from November and reached maximum in the beginning of February. Then toward the end of February it decreased again and in March it decreased rapidly. As regards the varietal difference, it was found that the resistance of each variety to low temperature treatment was proportional to winter hardiness in the field. The varieties such as Makinohara-wase and U-21, which were hardiest in the field, showed the strongest resistance in the refrigerator, and in the beginning of February they began to be injured by more than 120 minutes exposure to -15°C, while diploid varieties began to be injured by 30 minutes exposure to -15°C. In March, however, all the varieties decreased cold resistance. The content of reduing sugar and the refractive index began to increase from November in parallel to the cold resistance, reached maximum in the beginning of February, while water content decreased and reached minimum in February, in the beginning of February the resistant varieties show higher content of reduing sugar, greater refractive index and than lower content of water the less resistant varieties. In March all the varieties were inclined to decrease in reducing sugar and refractive index, and increase in water content in leaves. Then varietal difference was hardly recognized at that time.View full abstractDownload PDF (817K) -
Akio NAKAZAWA, Susumu OGAHARA1954 Volume 23 Issue 2 Pages 128-131
Published: December 20, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Experiments wer conducted to know about the varietal difference in the resistance of rape plants to excess-moisture injury. 2. Three varieties, Namely Norin-15, Norin-16 and Norin-3, were used. as materials. Three hundred seedlings of each variety, very young and their cotyledons, just having opened, were transplanted into four vessels covered with water, and their oxygen consumption in water was measured with Winkler's method. 3. a) The oxygen consumption in Norin-15 was higer than in Norin-16 in the earlier period of submergence while in the later perid the consumption in the latter became higher steadily till, at last, the relation became inverse. (See to Fig. 1) b) Consumption in the roots alone indicated the similar tendency as mentioned above, but the the procession of consumption was prolonged in both the two varieties (Fig. 3) c) When oxygen dissoled in water was scanty, the point where the oxygen consumption became equal between the two varieties was reached ealier than in the case a, and oxygen was consumed rapidly. (See to Fig. 4) d) The uptake of water by the tissues of cotyledons proceeded as shown in Fig 2, namely the quantity of mater uptaken in Norin-15 was the largest of the three varieties. e) Norin-3 was the next to Norin-15 in the intensity of water uptake. 4. Form the results mentioned above, it is clear that there is a difference in oxygen consumption between Norin-16 and Norin-15. According to general idea that the respiration in varieties sensitive against excess-moisture injury would be more active than in resistive ones, Norin-16 may be more resistive than Norin-15. Only a later stage of submergence treatment, the respiration of Norin-15 decreased because of the weakning of plants, and accordingly the resistance of the variety to excess-moisture injury was stronger. 5. We shall consider the respiration of plants of normal growth and the oxygen consumption abnormal growth under oxygen deficiency. 6. Any reasonable relation is found in gas metabolism of plants would not be explained without regulation of the environmental conditions under which they grow.View full abstractDownload PDF (594K)
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