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Volume 55 (1986)
- Issue 4 Pages 399-
- Issue 3 Pages 291-
- Issue 2 Pages 155-
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Volume 55, Issue 3
Displaying 1-16 of 16 articles from this issue
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Bing-Shan LUO, Atsuhiko KUMURA, Ryuichi ISHII, Yoshiharu WADA1986 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 291-298
Published: September 05, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of brassinolide (BR) on growth and developmental processes were examined in wheat plants applying the solution at various growth stages and at various concentrations. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Elongation of root, stem and leaf was not promoted by the treatment but rather a little inhibited at higher concentratiens (Fig. 1). 2. Formation of primary roots of seedling, tillers and spikelets was promoted by the BR-treatments. The number of productive tillers decreased, though that of total tillers increased by the treatments (Figs. 1∼5). 3. Heading was delayed by the BR-treatments (Fig. 4). 4. The effects of BR on ear-and grain yield were quite different depending on the growth stages at which the treatments were given. The BR-treatments before anthesis resulted in reduction of yield mainly due to decrease in productive tillers. On the other hand, the treatment during the ripening period (from anthesis to full maturity) considerably increased ear-and grain yield (in ear weight per plant, 15%) as a result of improvement in set and filling of grains, especially in inferior ones (Figs. 6, 7). 5. Photosynthesis was promoted a little by the leaf treatment of BR. However, the frequent application extending to later stages of leaf ontogeny brought about reduction of photosynthetic rates of leaves due to acceleration of senescence (Figs. 8∼10). 6. The BR-treatment scarecely affected total dry matter production (Table 2).View full abstractDownload PDF (806K) -
Hiroyuki DAIMON, Hiroyoshi CHUJO1986 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 299-305
Published: September 05, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSome legumes were examined on residual effect on nitrogen content of succeeding gramineous crops in pot culture using nitrogen-poor soil. The tested legumes were pea (Pisum sativum L.), broad bean (Vicia faba L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). After these legumes, corn and wheat were cultured successively. The results are summarized as follows. 1. Nitrogen content of tops was highest in broad bean and in red clover, medium in alfalfa and lowest in pea. Nitrogen contents of underground parts of alfalfa and red clover were higher than those of broad bean and pea (Table 1). 2. Nitrogen content of tops of the succeeding first crop, corn, was not proportional to the nitrogen contents of underground part of the preceding legumes. The corn following red clover produced the highest nitrogen yield, that following alfalfa or broad bean medium and that following pea the lowest (Fig. 1). 3. Nitrogen contents of tops of the succeeding second crop, corn, and of the third crop, wheat, were lower than that of the first corn. The nitrogen contents of these crops varied with the species of the preceding legumes. The nitrogen content after alfalfa was the highest, whereas that after red clover or pea was the lowest (Figs. 2 and 3). It is found from these results that legumes increase nitrogen contents of succeeding corn and wheat and that this increase varies with the species of the legumes. It is suggested that this variation is due not only to nitrogen content of legume residues after harvest but also to decay rate of the residues.View full abstractDownload PDF (701K) -
Choji KAWASHIMA1986 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 306-313
Published: September 05, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFollowing the previous paper in which the number of shoot units with or without crown roots were studied in relation to the characters of the top of rice plant, several investigations were conducted in order to clarify the relation of the number of shoot units without crown roots to absorption of nitrogen and water in the ripening stage. Greater absorption of nitrogen and water, especially the latter, occurred in the rice plants which had lesser number of shoot units without crown roots and which were caused by moulding up the lower part of stems or by GA treatment in the later growth stage. Compared with cultivar Toyonishiki, similar situation was found in cultivar Ishikari whose number of shoot units without crown roots was less numerous. From these results, it is indicated that the number of shoot units without crown roots has intimate relation to absorption of nutrient and water in the ripening stage of rice plant and is considered that cultivar whose number of leaves on the main stem is numerous has disadvantage to keep the activity of top and root in the ripening stage high, because it has more numerous shoot units without crown roots than that having less number of leaves on the main stem.View full abstractDownload PDF (859K) -
Akihito KUSUTANI, Takahisa AMANO1986 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 314-320
Published: September 05, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, the varietal differences in the weather-dependent characteristics of ripening were analized for the data taken during 12 years from 1973 to 1984 at Hokkaido Prefectural Kitami Agricultural Experiment Station. The main results are summarized as follows: 1. The significant multiple correlation coefficients of ln (1-percentage of ripening grains, R) with the number of grains per square meter (N), mean temperature for 25 days before the heading date (TI) and mean temperature for 40 days after the heading date (T2) were obtained in all varieties (Table 1). Therefore, the relation between R and these 3 factors for "Onnemochi" was shown by the next formula; R=1-39.23 exp (0.3447N-0.1454T1-0.1524T2 ) The relation for "Hayakogane" was shown by the next formula; R=1-2.05 exp (0.3727N-0.027T1-0.1321T2) 2. The contribution ratios of N, T1 and T2 to R differed between varieties (Fig. 2 ). It was presumed that the contribution ratio of N was associated with the plant type and the efficiency for dry matter production. The contribution ratio of T1 was correlated with the average value of fertility percent, and that of T2 was correlated with the average value of heading date. 3. By using the above formula, the optimum number of grains to obtain the highest yield was estimated (Fig. 3). It was more than 40, 000 grains/m2 under high temperature, but less than 30, 000 grins/m2 under low temperature. From the these results, it could be concluded that the sufficient number of grains for the stable rice culture were approximate 35, 000 grains/m2 in Abashiri District. 4. The suitable heading time was earlier about 1 week as compared with the average value of heading date in all varieties (Fig. 5). This may suggest that the qualitative improvement of seedling was very important to hasten the heading and to improve the percentage of ripening grains.View full abstractDownload PDF (829K) -
Akihito KUSUTANI, Takahisa AMANO, Uji SASAKI, Satoshi KOBAYASHI1986 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 321-326
Published: September 05, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe correlation of root-system with yield components was investigated by using a leading variety "Onnemochi" grown on 21 different farmers' paddy fields in 1984. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. The highest value of grain yield was 649kg/10 a, and the lowest 496kg/10 a. The number of grains per square meter (N) varied from 27, 000 to 49, 000 ; the fertility percent (FP) from 76% to 95% and the percentage of fully ripened grains to fertilized grains (KP) from 81% to 96%. Yield significantly correlated with N (Fig. 1). 2. N showed highly positive correlation with crop growth rate (CGR) and mean leaf area index (MLAI) from the panicle formation stage to the heading stage. KP was significantly correlated with net assimilation rate (NAR) from the heading stage to the milk-ripening stage (Table 1). 3. The obvious differences in the vertical distribution of root were recognized among different farmers' fields (Fig. 2.). The percentage of root that distributed within 5cm from the ground surface to total root (the ratio of upper layer root) varied 55% to 87%. The ratio of upper layer root was significantly correlated with N (Fig. 3). Partial correlation coefficient of the percentage of root that distributed below 5cm from the ground surface to total root (the ratio of lower layer root) with KP was significant assuming that N was held constant (Fig. 4). The ratio of lower layer root was also significantly correlated with FP assuming that the nitrogen content in leaf blade at the heading stage was held constant (Fig. 5). 4. The correlation coefficient of the ratio of upper layer root with NH4-N mg/100g dry soil at the panicle formation stage was significant (Fig. 6). 5. These results indicate close correlations of root-system with the number of grains, the percentages of fertilization and ripening in rice plants which are grown in Hokkaido.View full abstractDownload PDF (740K) -
Sayeed AHMAD, Tohru KOBADA, Shinichi TAKAMI1986 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 327-332
Published: September 05, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Shigeo MATSUMOTO, Tadahiko FURUYA, Ryoichi MATSUNAGA1986 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 333-338
Published: September 05, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to elucidate the occurrence of delayed stem maturation (DSM) plants, we investigated the frequence of DSM plants at Fukuoka, Kyushu, with early soybean varieties grown at four different regions (Hokkaido, Tohoku, Kanto-Tosan and Kyushu) from the north to the south in Japan. The moisture percentages and chlorophyll contents in stem and pod wall were also examined almost the harvesting maturity (95% pods brown) to evaluate the usefullness of green stem color loss as a visual indicator of DSM plant. 1. The frequence of occurrence of DSM plants decreased in the order of Hokkaido (the most northern, cool area), Kanto-Tosan, Tohoku and Kyushu (the most southern, warm area), but DSM plants appeared slightly even in Kyushu varieties. There were higher and lower frequency varieties with DSM plant regardless of the native place of variety. 2. Green color of stem and pod disappeared at about 55 percent of moisture from them. This indicated that the change of chlorophyll content in stem and pod wall was correlated with the change of their moisture content. Therefore, by visually comparing the degree of green stem color change, we can easily distinguish the difference between normal matured and DSM plants. 3. The number of pod and seed weight of DSM plant were similar to those of normal matured plant regardless of the native place of variety, indicating that the occurrence of the DSM plant was not related to yield characters (number of pod, seed weight).View full abstractDownload PDF (699K) -
Shinobu INANAGA, Atsuhiko KUMURA, Hideo INOU, Kunio ETHO1986 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 339-344
Published: September 05, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing soil-cultured rape plants (Brassica napus L., cv. Norin No.16) grown in pots, intra-branch and intra-inflorescence variations in the number of seeds per pod and seed weight, and also intra-pod variations in seed weight and seed set percentage on a plancenta were investigated. The results are summarized as follows : 1. Compared on kinds of branches, mean number of seeds per pod was higher in pods on the inflorescences of main stem and of primary branches than in those on the inflorescences of secondary branches. Mean seed weight was highest in the inflorcscence of main stem, decreasing in the order of the inflorescences of primary and secondary branches (Table 1). 2. No differences in mean number of seeds per pod among the inflorescences of primary branches in any position on the main stem were detected. But, the higher primary branch position on the main stem counted upward from the base, the larger mean seed weight on the inflorescences of primary branches (Fig. 1). 3. No relationships between the number of seeds per pod and pod position on the inflorescence of each kind of branch were detected (Figs. 2, 3 and 4). On the other hand, the higher pod positions on the inflorescences of main stem, of primary branches and of secondary branches counted upward from the base, the less mean seed weights (Figs. 5, 6 and 7). 4. Seeds located near the base in a chamber had lower seed weight, but seeds located at other seed positions in a chamber had almost similar weight in a pod on the inflorescence of main stem. In pods on the inflorescences of primary and secondary braches, it seemed that seed weight increased according to the change of seed position from the base to the middle in a chamber and was nearly constant at seed positions after the middle (Fig. 8). 5. Seed set percentages on a plancenta were low at the positions near the base and the top in a pod on the inflorescence of main stem. In pods on the inflorescences of primary and secondary branches, it seemed that seed set percentage on a plancenta increased according to the change of seed position from the base to near the top in a chamber though it decreased slightly at the top in a chamber (Fig. 8)View full abstractDownload PDF (659K) -
Koichi YOSHIDA, Akane BANDO, Katsutada YANAGISAWA, Kanji GOTOH1986 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 345-351
Published: September 05, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn soybean, TIBA treatment was reported to increase occasionally mainly due to greater pod set and/or improvement of leaf canopy shape, whereas almost no imformation is availble in azuki bean. Two azuki bean cultivars, Erimo-shozu, and Akane-dainagon which produces a larger seed and matures several days, later than Erimo-shozu, were grown in a spacing of 60×10cm in 1984 and 1985. TIBA was applied at initial flowering and at full flowering (in 1985 only) at the rate of 5g/10a and 2.5g/10a (in 1985 only). Growing season was rather dry in both experimental years, especially in 1984. 1. Main stem height was shortened remarkably and number of branches per plant and number of nodes on branches were increased by TIBA treatment at initial flowering. But these effects on branches were small or temporal and variable depending on years and cultivars (Figs. 1 and 2). Little effect was found on main stem height and branch development in the experiment where TIBA applied at full flowering. 2. The effect of TIBA on leaf area was also variable depending on years and cultivars. However, in general, leaf area index in TIBA treated plants, although it became higher temporally soon after the treatment in some cases, lower than those in control plants through reproductive period. The dry weight changes were generally similar to those of leaf area. Even in the early stage of seed development TIBA applied at initial flowering did not enhance the distribution of dry matter to seed (Fig. 3). 3. TIBA treatment resulted in vertical leaf structure of plant comunity unfavorable for light intercepting efficiency (Fig. 4), because the upper internodes on main stem became short and petioles moved downward, curved or distorted. Such abnormal arrangement of petioles and leaves was observed more frequently with 5g/10a TIBA treatment at both initial and full flowering. 4. Number of pods and number of seeds per pod were decreased by TIBA treatment mainly on main stem, although 100-seed weight was slightly increased (Tables 1 to 3). Although the extent of response was different in yield components, seed yield finally decreased by TIBA treatment irrespective of years, cultivars, and application methods (Table 4). Thus, in azuki bean, the effects of TIBA on growth and yield are considerably different from soybean reported previously. Plant form modified by TIBA treatment seemed to be unfavorable for photosysthesis, and probably this resulted in retard of reproductive growth. However, it is also probable that TIBA gave direct effect on the flowering and/or fertilization in azuki bean since decrease occurred in both pod number and seeds per pod.View full abstractDownload PDF (760K) -
Keisuke NENOTO, Koou YAMAZAKI1986 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 352-359
Published: September 05, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlong the successive "shoot units" (abbreviated as SUs) of main axes of rice plants, the radial and the axial growths of stem parts were examined in relation to the diameters and the number of primary roots formed on them. The root forming zone (designated as the circumference of stem vascular cylinder, on which primary roots initiate) of each SU reached its final diameter successively from the 5th SU upwards to the 10th, in accordance with the plant development. In each SU, the later thickening period of the root forming zone coincided with that of the root primordia from the initiation to the attainment of their final diameters. And the diameters of matured primary roots were closely correlated with the concomitant increase in the diameter of the root forming zone of the same SU. From the 11th SU to the 13th, however, root forming zones reached their final diameters at the same time which coincided with the beginning time of the remarkable internode elongation. Consequently, their final diameters tended to decrease acropetally along the successive SUs. The similar tendency to decrease towards the 13th SU was observed in the diameters of primary roots. From these results, it is inferred that a causal correlation might exist between the diameter of root forming zone and those of primary roots formed on it. Throughout the SUs mentioned above, there was a close correlation between the number of primary roots and the size of the root forming zone at the time of primary root initiation.View full abstractDownload PDF (777K) -
Katsu IMAI, Takuya ICHIHASHI1986 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 360-366
Published: September 05, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Ryoichi ITOH, Atsuhiko KUMURA1986 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 367-373
Published: September 05, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Ryoichi ITOH, Atsuhiko KUMURA1986 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 374-378
Published: September 05, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Seok Weon SEO, Yasuo OTA1986 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 379-380
Published: September 05, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Jun SHIMOYAMA1986 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 381-382
Published: September 05, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (409K) -
Shozo YANATORI1986 Volume 55 Issue 3 Pages 383-384
Published: September 05, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (496K)
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