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Volume 69, Issue 2
Displaying 1-18 of 18 articles from this issue
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Seishi NINOMIYA2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 135-139
Published: June 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Ryouji SASAKI2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 140-145
Published: June 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of wind and low temperature on the growth after transplantation of nursling seedlings of rice was examined. Three kinds of seedlings were raised under different conditions; (1)raised in the dark for 3 days after emergence, (2)raised under natural day light for 3 days after emergence, and (3)raised under natural day light for 5 days after emergence including a 2-day hardening. The seedlings were grown in temperature-controlled greenhouse with 24 / 19°C and 17 / 12°C day / night cycle after trasplanting. Elongation growth of the seedlings was poor under 17 / 12°C condition especially in the seedlings night cycle after transplanting. Elongation growth of the seedlings was poor under 17 / 12°C condition especially in the seedlings raised in the dark. When the seedlings reaised in the dark ware exposed to wind and low temperature, leaf elongation was severely inhibited. It was considered that the growth of the seedlings raised in thedark depended on the energy from the endosperm reserves under low temperature conditions even though at the 7th day after transplanting. This may be due to the inhibition of leaf elongation and chlorophyll formation by low temperature. On the other hand, the growth of the roots of the seedlings raised in the dark was similar or slightly inferior to that of the seedlings raised under natural day light. However, the degree of the suppression of root growth by wind and low temperature was similar in all kinds of seedlings.View full abstractDownload PDF (1029K) -
Satoshi YOSHINAGA, Kenzo WAKIMOTO, Tatsushi TOGASHI, Kohei TASAKA2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 146-152
Published: June 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn submerged direct-seeding rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation, it is important to stabilize the emergence of seedlings. We examined the effects of drying and temperature during storage of rice seeds coated with an oxygen supplier on the seedling emergence. The seedling emergence rate was not affected by the storage at 10°C for 3 days. However, the emergence of seedlings was stimulated by 3-day storage at 15-30°C, and the stimulation was especially clear at 20 and 25°C. In the seeds which ware not dried or excessively dried after the seed coating, the stimulation of seedling emergence in spite of a 3-day storage at 20 or 25°C was less evident than in the seeds which ware dried to lose 2 to 5% weight after coating. The stimulatory effect of the 3-day storage at 20-25°C was observed in all rice cultivars examined irrespective of the method of water management after seeding. Since thiss stimulatory effect was not reduced by a subsequent 7-day storage at 10°C, the seeds with high emergence ware considered to have retained the high emergence ability due to the storage for a long period at a low temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (1030K) -
Tsuyoshi OKAMOTO, Teruhisa UMEZAKI, Yuichi NAGAYA, Tetsuro TANIYAMA2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 153-158
Published: June 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo establish a cultural technique for commercial production of a new high yielding variety of Chinese yam (D.opposita Thunb.) "Shintanmaru", we examined the effects of seed rhizophore weight and planting density on the yield at a commercial field in 1997 and 1998. The heavier the seed rhizophore, the higher the yield, but the increase in the yield was cancelled by the increase in the cost of heavier seed rhizophores. On the other hand, the yield was not reduced by reducing the weight of seed rhizophore to a half. Therefore, the use of small seed rhizophore may be suitable for a high yielding variety. By increasing the planting density, the weight of each harvested rhizophore was reduced, but the yield per area was increased due to the increase in the number of harvested rhizophores. However, the number of most marketable rhizophores over 250g in weight per plant was reduced by the increase in planting density. Therefore, the planting density of the high yielding variety like "Shintanmaru", for the fresh market should be the same as other standard varieties; 120 cm between rows and 30 cm spacing between hills.View full abstractDownload PDF (1850K) -
Takefumi OGATA, Yuji MATSUE, Yuji HAMACHI2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 159-164
Published: June 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was undertaken to find the selection effectiveness of lodging tolerance by using pushing resistance for improving rice cultivar adapted to direct sowing culture in flooded paddy fields. The lines used in the experiment ware F4 and F5 breeding lines of Aoinokaze // Lemont / Hinohikari; 47 lines and Yumehikari // Lemont / Hinohikari; 29 lines that ware medium maturity lines. There was a significant negative correlation between the pushing resistance of F4 lines in transplanting culture and lodging degree of F5 lines in direct sowing culture. Even though the selection rate of pushing resistance in F4 was changing from 10% to 40%, thre was a distinct difference in lodging degree under direct sowing culture in F5. A few F5 lines selected by using pushing resistance in transplanting culture ware superior in lodging tolerance and yielding ability under direct sowing culture. There ware comparatively few deviations of yielding ability and grain quality by using pushing resistance for the selection of lodging tolerance in an early generation. These results lead to the conclusion that it is possible to breed high lodging tolerance cultivar adapted to direct sowing culture by using pushing resistance under transplanting culture in an early generation.View full abstractDownload PDF (969K) -
Taiki YOSHIHIRA, Toshihiko KARASAWA, Keiji NAKATSUKA2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 165-174
Published: June 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSField experiments were conducted over 4 seasons (1994-98) in central Hokkaido to examine the differences in growth habits between high- and low-yielding varieties of winter triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack). Grain yield, yield components, degree of winter injury by snow mold, and lodging index of triticale varieties from Poland, Russia, Ukraine, Canada, France, England, and Korea were compared with those of wheat varieties and rye varieties. Grain yield in most triticale varieties from Poland were higher than those of Hokushin, a leading wheat variety and rye varieties. However, the grain yield of triticale varieties bred in other countries ware less than those of Hokushin. The higher yielding ability in Polish triticale varieties ware mainly due to higher one ear weight and top weight than in wheat varieties and to a higher harvest index than in rye varieties. The low grain yield in triticale was mainly because of a high degree of snow mold disease, a sparsity in number of ears, and a low harvest index. Lodging also contributed to a reduction in grain yields of long-culmed triticale varieties. These results suggested that it is important in high-yielding triticale cultivation in snow-heavy areas to prevent a decrease in number of ears resulting from winter injury and to select varieties with good snow tolerance and high harvest index.View full abstractDownload PDF (1235K) -
Zhujian ZHANG, Teiji NAKAMURA, Masahiro CHIBA, Iwao NISHIYAMA2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 175-181
Published: June 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMany field observations have suggested that roots play an important role in the tolerance to the sterillity-type cool-weather damage at booting stage in rice plants. However, how the roots affect fertilization is uncertain. This paper reports the relationship between root mass and fertilization under cool weather conditions. Three cultivars with different cool-temperature tolerance ware used: Sasanishiki (lowland cultivar, moderately susceptible), Misatohatamochi (upland cultivar, moderately resistant) and Hitomebore (lowland cultivar, very resistnat). Plants were grown in pots with three levels of nitrogen fertilizer, and under lowland, upland or water culture conditions. The higher the nitrogen level, the more vigorous the growth was and the smaller the dry-weight ratio of root to shoot (leaf, stem and panicle), irrespective of the culture conditions. The number of spikelets was higher and the root weight per spikelet was lighter at the higher levels of nitrogen application. Fertility of the plants cooled at the young microspore stage was lower at the higher levels of nitrogen. The correlations of the fertility with both the dry weight raito of root to shoot and the root weight per spikelet were high. These results suggest that the relative amount of root to shoot or spikelet might be an important factor affecting the fertility when the plants were exposed to cool weather at the young microspore stage.View full abstractDownload PDF (1030K) -
Hisao NAKANO2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 182-188
Published: June 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe tillering ability and yield of sod-seeded rice are affected by the shading by manure crops during the intial stage. In this study, the effects of shading during the early stage of growth on the growth and yield components in rice Kibinohana were examined. Seedlings were grown in pots under 0, 50, 80, and 95% shading for 16 or 28 days after emergence in 1995, and for 25 or 34 days in 1996. The heavier the shading, the lower the plant age in leaf number during the first 2 to 3 weeks after the end of the treatment. In the shaded plants. the tillers started to emerge about 2 weeks after the shading. The tillers emerged 2 to 3 weeks after heavy shading were inferior in total number and culm diameter to those after light shading. After 95% shading, the number of tillers emerged 2 to 3 weeks after the shading, the survival rate and the spikelet number were lower than those after light shading. The spikelet number and the percentage of ripened grains were low, in the tillers emerged late. Consequently, the heavier the shading in the early growth stage, the later the tiller emergence and the lower the number of spikelets per head and the percentage of ripened grain pet plant. The heading time was also delayed by heavy shading.View full abstractDownload PDF (921K) -
Hideki SUGIMOTO, Tooru SATO2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 189-193
Published: June 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAt three developmental stages, i.e., the first leaf emergence, the flowering, and the ripening stages, (5, 18, and 31 days after emergence, respectively), buckwheat plants (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. cv. Kitawasesoba, summer ecotype) grown in pots were exposed to excess moisture (water table of 5 to 7cm below the soil surface) or flooding (water table of 2 to 3cm above the soil surface) for various days, and seed yield and yield components were investigated. The earlier the developmental stage at the treatment and the longer the treatment, the severer the effects of excessive soil moisture on seed yield. When plants were treated with excess moisture at the first leaf emergence or the flowering stages for 3 days and at the ripening stage for 6 days, the seed yield decreased less than 10%. However, it decreased markedly when the treatment period was prolonged. When the plants were treated with flooding only for 1 day at the first leaf emergence stage and more than 3 days at the flowering or the ripening stages, seed yield decreased markedly. One of the main reasons for the decreasing seed yield caused by excess moisture and flooding at the first leaf emergence and the flowering stages was the shortage of the number of seeds due to the reduction in the number of flowers per branch. The decrease in seed yield caused by flooding at the flowering and the ripening stages ratio was not decreased by excessive soi moisture.View full abstractDownload PDF (874K) -
Kuniyuki SAITOH, Tomohiro MURAKI, Toshiyuki DOI, Toshiro KURODA2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 194-200
Published: June 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe dry matter production, dark respiration rate and growth efficiency of high-yielding rice cultivar 'Takanari', grown under two levels of nitrogen fertilization (11, 17 gN / m2), were compared with those of 'Nipponbare' The crop growth rate (CGR) and leaf area index (LAI) were higher in 'Takanari' throughout the growth season. This higher CGR in 'Takanari' was due to the maintenance of NAR at the same level as in 'Nipponbare' in spite of the increase in LAI. The higher the nitrogen fertilization, the higher was the CGR due to the increase in LAI. The maximum dark respiration rate (Rs) in the whole plant was recorded at the early growth stage, followed by a rapid decrease until 40 days after transplanting and decreased gradually thereafter. The Rs in the whole plant and stems was higher in 'Takanari' as compared with 'Nipponbare' at the early stage, but was almost equal during the grain-filling period. The nitrogen concentration and Rs of the whole plant changed similarly, showing a close correlation between the two characters. The growth efficiency (GE) was about 64% during the early stage and gradually decreased thereafter in both cultivars irrespective of fertilization level. The GE during the grain-filling period was higher in 'Nipponbare' than in 'Takanari' and with the normal fertilization than heavy fertilization. We concluded that GE decreased at the later stage of plant growth due to increase in respiratory loss.View full abstractDownload PDF (1054K) -
Noriyuki ASANOME, Takeshi IKEDA2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 201-208
Published: June 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSoybean cv. "Miyagishirome" (flat type) was planted to use or not use light efficiency (Type R or Type P). This study was conducted to research the effect of light utilization of canopy on leaf nitrogen concentration and accumulation, nitrogen distribution in each canopy, and nitrogen partitioning into the pod. Leaf nitrogen concentration increased and showed the highest level in Type R with 25 plants m-2. After R2, leaf nitorogen concentration decreased sharply in Type R and gradually in Type P. Total nitrogen accumulation increased higher in Type R than in Type P from the early reproductive stage. Leaf and stem nitrogen accumulation increased in Type R, but only leaf one did in Type P at R5. Nitrogen accumulation in vegetative organs contributed to the amount of nitrogen partitioning into the pod after R5. Leaf nitrogen accumulation distributed into higher layers of canopy and declined gradually to the ground in all treatments. But the concentration level in leaf nitorogen was higher in Type R than in Type P at low layers and it showed high photosynthetic ability because of more light penetration at R6. From these results, light intercepting characteristics that related with photosynthesis at reproductifve stage ware suggested to effect on nitrogen concentration in leaf. Nitorgen accumulation in vegetative organs contributed to increase nitrogen partitioning into the pod. Nitrogen partitioning from leaf and stem was higher in Type R.View full abstractDownload PDF (1180K) -
Yasuyuki ISHII, Koji ITO, Kiichi FUKUYAMA2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 209-216
Published: June 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo estimate the possibility of napiergrass for cultivating as a perennial in southern Kyushu, the overwintering ability, as assessed by the percentage of overwintered plants (POP) in early May, was determined for several cultivation factors. To maintain high overwintering ability, it was important to conduct the final cutting just before the first frost date at about 20 cm above ground surface. The effects of planting date from spring through summer and of the year after establishment within 3 years on POP were small. On the contrary, the differences in POP among years and among different altitudes were large. The variety of Merkeron had a superior overwintering ability in comparison with Wruk wona. The relationship between the minimum daily temperature during the overwintering and POP was positively logarithmic in two varieties of Merkeron had POP exceeding 50% in more than half the areas in Miyazaki, even under the coldest winter of the seven seasons examined, suggesting its stable overwintering ability in southern Kyushu.View full abstractDownload PDF (1023K) -
Shigenori MORITA, Masanori TOYOTA2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 217-223
Published: June 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA project to improve the crop production in arid area is underway in Guerrero Negro, Baja California, Mexico as a joint enterprise of Japanese and Mexican Government. The objective of this project is to establish the production system of vegetables and fruits by drip irrigation in the desert area. The mineral composition of xylem sap and bleeding rate in pepper and melon at the harvest stage ware examined to obtain basic data for the study of salinity problems. The mineral composition of xylem sap in the field-grown pepper differed between daytime and night time. Bleeding rate in pepper also showed a diurnal change with the maximum value at around noon. On the other hand, in field-grown melon, neither bleeding rate nor mineral composition of xylem sap showed such diurnal changes. The mineral composition of xylem sap was analyzed in relation to the bleeding rate. The results showed that the concentration of Na+ was low in the daytime when the bleeding rate was high and high in the night time when the bleeding rate was low in both field-grown pepper and pot-grown melon. Then mineral composition of xylem sap was also examined in the plants grown on differerent soils. These information on mineral composition in xylem sap and bleeding rate as well as soil chemical coniditions may be useful for improving the salinity tolerance of crops.View full abstractDownload PDF (1016K) -
Akiko SHIGEMUNE, Tomohiko YOSHIDA2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 224-228
Published: June 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo improve the regeneration efficiency from anther culture of pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoideum Rich.), we studied the influence of the composition of culture media, stage of anther and low temperature treatment on the anther culture. The anthers having pollen around the tetrad stage were most suitable for anther culture and low-temperature treatment (10°C, 7∼9 days) was effective for the callus induction. On the MS medium supplemented with 2.5mg / L 2, 4-D, the callus induction rate was about 10% and the plant regeneration rate was 0.16%. No varietal difference was observed. Fifteen plants were regenerated in total, but all of them were mixoploid and the fertility was very low. More studies are needed to find better culturing methods, and to select the genotypes suitable for anther culture.View full abstractDownload PDF (922K) -
Hisao EGUCHI, Atsushi OYANAGI, Akiko SATO, Masakazu TOYODA, Taiji YOSH ...2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 229-234
Published: June 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA field experiment and several controlled environmental experiments were conducted to study the thermal response during the phenological development of wheat. The varietal differences in the relationship between developmental rate (DVR) and mean temperature were calculated by using linear regression in each phase. The relationships between DVR and mean temperature were linear (r>0.96) in the S-E phase (from sowing to emergence) in both the field and the controlled environment, D-H phase (from double ridge to heading) in the field enviroment, and H-A (from heading to anthesis ) and A-M phases (from anthesis to maturity) in the controlled environment. However, in the E-D phase (from emergence to double ridge), the regression curves were parab olic. Particularly, photosensitive cultivars and cultivars with a high vernalization requirement expressed severe depression of DVR at and above 15°C mean temperature, In H-A and A-M phases of the field experiment, an accelerated DVR was observed above 22°C. The base temperature (at which DVR=0 in the linear equation) differed with the phases; it was lowest in the S-E phase (-0.4°C) and highest in the H-A phase (6.3°C). Since the differences of base temperature among cultivars were relatively small, it was possible to quantify genotypic trait as the thermal unit (reciprocal of the slope) by setting the same BT value. The DVRs of S-E, H-A, and A-M phases could be predicted from mean air temperature by using a simple linear equation. It was concluded that this equation is the most convenient method of evaluating the thermal response during phenological development of wheat within the normal temperature range.View full abstractDownload PDF (774K) -
Katsuyuki KATAYAMA, Yukiomi KOMOTO, Kazunari YOKOYAMA, Hiroyuki YAMAMO ...2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 235-241
Published: June 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFifty strains of rhizobacteria were isolated from roots of crops in rotation and monocropping plots of soybeans and sweet potatos one month before harvest, and they were identified by using Biolog's identification system during the period from 1994 to 1997. The strains of 38.3% of the rhizobacteria isolates were identified, and the others were on the process of classification or unidentified. It was assumed that the relative high percentage in unidentification was attributed to insufficient database related to environmental bacteria. If this database ware thoroughly improved, however, this system would be useful for dynamic analyses of rhizobacterial flora in terms of genus or species level, since a large amount of strains of cropes could be smoothly identified with this system. The effects of rotation and monocropping systems on the rhizobacterial flora of crops were evaluated by a diversity index using this system. The diversification of the rhizobacterial flora was not improved in the monocropping plot of soybeans compared with rotation plots of soybeans and sweet potatos and the monocropping plot of sweet potatos.View full abstractDownload PDF (985K) -
Masami YAMAUCHI, Hirokazu YOSHIDA, Tetsuro TANIYAMA, Teruhisa UMEZAKI, ...2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 242-246
Published: June 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of fluorine (HF) added to the culture solution at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 50 ppm on the growth of Oryza sativa L. cv. Koshihikari was investigated. The increase in the leaf number on the main culm, leaf length and number of stems per hill was depressed by fluorine added. Especially, the number of stems per hill was obviously decreased by increasing the concentration of HF. The photosynthetic rate of the rice leaves during 50 days after transplanting was markedly inhibited by 5 and 10 ppm HF added. The contents of chlorophyll in the leaves was decreased by 30 and 50 ppm HF. The number of ears and grains pet hill were also markedly decreased by the addition of HF. It was clarified that the dry weights of unhulled rice, leaves, stems and roots are markedly decreased by fluorine at a low concentration.View full abstractDownload PDF (742K) -
[in Japanese]2000 Volume 69 Issue 2 Pages 247-250
Published: June 05, 2000
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (656K)
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