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Volume 79 (2010)
- Issue 4 Pages 407-
- Issue 3 Pages 251-
- Issue 2 Pages 113-
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Volume 79, Issue 3
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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Regular Paper
Agronomy
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Jiabin Bian, Masahiro Morokuma, Fumitaka Shiotsu, Masanori Toyota, Aki ...2010 Volume 79 Issue 3 Pages 251-261
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to obtain the basic knowledge on organic cultivation of rice, we studied the effects of rice bran application after transplanting on the yield and palatability of rice cultivars in the paddy field of the university farm at Kagawa University for three years. We used 7 rice cultivars in the Huabei Region of China (China) and 7 in Japan (Japan). These cultivars have different characteristics concerning plant type (panicle-number type/panicle weight type) and yield ability. The differences in unhulled rice yield with the year or cultivar were significant. Unhulled rice number per m2 of panicle-weight type cultivars were higher than those of panicle-number type cultivars. When unhulled rice number per m2 of these cultivars was about 30000, the percentage of ripened grains was about 80%, and yield was highly stable. Though cultivar differences in appearance of eating-quality, tasty, stickiness and hardness of cooked rice in the sensory test were significant, there were no significant differences in the score of overall eating-quality among cultivars. It was probably because some cultivars tended to have yearly differences in protein content and taste in the sensory test. These results indicate that panicle-weight type cultivars were advantageous in yield than panicle-number type cultivars, but the cultivar difference in eating-quality was small in rice bran cultivation.View full abstractDownload PDF (854K) -
Shogo Tsuda, Motoyuki Mori, Akira Kobayashi, Akiko Takada2010 Volume 79 Issue 3 Pages 262-267
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPotato microtubers (MT), generally 1 gram in fresh weight, are mass-produced under in-vitro conditions, and they are used as seed tubers in the field. However, less is known about the varietal differences in tuber yield in the plants cultivated in the field using MT as seed tubers. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the differences in tuber yield characters of plants grown from MT among 28 varieties and breeding parents used in Japan. On average, the number of tubers, individual tuber weight and tuber fresh yield of plants grown from MT were 90%, 80% and 70%, respectively, of those in the plants grown from conventional seed tubers (CT, generally about 50 gram). The varietal differences in tuber numbers and individual tuber weight were greater in MT plants than in CT plants. In addition, there were significant interactions between seed tuber types and varieties in tuber numbers and individual tuber weight, but not in tuber yield. This is because there was a high negative correlation between the MT/CT ratios in tuber numbers and individual tuber weight. The varieties were divided into two groups; one with a larger number of tubers and lighter individual tuber weight in MT plants than in CT plants, and the other with opposite characters. These results indicate that varietal differences in the response of tuber yield to the use of MT must be taken into consideration for the use of MT as seed tubers.View full abstractDownload PDF (878K) -
Seiji Matsumoto, Masami Yoshikawa2010 Volume 79 Issue 3 Pages 268-274
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs a part of the study on the causes of the decrease in yield of black soybeans in converted fields in Kyoto prefecture, we examined the annual changes in the yield of continuous cropping of black soybean and the chemical properties of the soil in the converted gray lowland paddy field. The yield of grains increased in the third year after field conversion, and gradually decreased after the fourth year. The number of pods increased in the third year, and remained at the same level thereafter. The 2L size ratio of grains (weight ratio of grains larger than 10mm in diameter to total grains harvested) was still high for three years after conversion, and then decreased greatly after the fourth year. The number of nodules decreased gradually after conversion, and greatly after the fourth year. The decrease in the contents of total carbon and nitrogen in the paddy soil was not observed after conversion. The application of cattle manure composted with bark (CMCB) mitigated the decrease in the nodule formation, but not that in the 2L size ratio of grains. The amount of available soil nitrogen in the fifth year after conversion with CMCB application was higher than that in the non-converted paddy field without CMCB application.View full abstractDownload PDF (819K) -
Junichi Kitano, Yukinori Nakayama, Mikio Matsui, Junpei Onishi2010 Volume 79 Issue 3 Pages 275-283
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPoor germination problems occurred in early-season rice culture in Mie prefecture in 2007 and 2008 when seed soaking was conducted during the cold season (late February – middle March). In this study, the effects of low water temperature given at different periods during seed soaking on the germination percentage were examined to find a method of soaking effective to raise the germination rate. Germination was inhibited by soaking in low-temperature (5°C) water on the first day followed by optimum-temperature water (12.5°C) thereafter. On the contrary, germination percentage was not lowered by soaking in low-temperature water after soaking in optimum-temperature water for one day. An optimum-temperature during the initial 2-8 hours is enough to keep the germination percentage as high as soaking in optimum-temperature water throughout the germination period. It is recommended to keep the water temperature optimum during the initial period of seed soaking to keep a high germination rate for raising the seedlings in the cold season. Germination was inhibited by soaking in low-temperature water in all rice varieties and seed storage periods examined.View full abstractDownload PDF (955K)
Quality and Processing
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Yoshiyuki Nakamura, Toshikazu Kuranouchi, Akiko Ohara-Takada, Nobuaki ...2010 Volume 79 Issue 3 Pages 284-295
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCell structure and the contents and status of starch and water in tuberous root tissues were investigated in various sweetpotato cultivars in relation to the texture of steamed tuberous roots. In cultivars having a mealy or moderately mealy texture such as "Konahomare" and "Beniazuma", the cells after steam cooking kept their original shape even when they were filled with gelatinized starch. On the other hand, in the cultivars having a soggy or moderately soggy texture such as "Benihayato" and "Benimasari", the cells contained a smaller amount of starch and larger amount of moisture (water), and melted together with the adjacent cells after steaming. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis revealed that the root tissue of mealy type-cultivars contained a smaller amount of free water than that in the soggy type-cultivars, showing heterogeneous distribution of the free water within the root tissue. The pasting properties of starch isolated from the cells, however, did not show any significant difference between the two types of cultivars. These results indicated that the texture of steamed tissue of tuberous root in sweetpotato is closely associated with the contents of starch and water in the root tissues. However, the pasting properties of intracellular starch that could be affected by the physical and chemical properties of cell wall were also suggested to be important for the texture.View full abstractDownload PDF (4239K) -
Pearling Quality of Barley Cultivated in an Andsol Upland FieldTakuji Tonooka, Naoyuki Kawada, Toji Yoshioka, Chikako Kiribuchi-Otobe2010 Volume 79 Issue 3 Pages 296-307
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDifference in pearling quality and related traits were analyzed in barley cultivars cultivated in gray lowland and andosol upland fields. The grains harvested in the andosol field had a higher protein content and more vitreous endosperm texture than those harvested in the gray lowland field. The grains harvested in the andosol field had a longer pearling time and lower whiteness of pearled grains than those harvested in the gray lowland field. The content of b-glucan, a major polysaccharide of the endosperm cell wall, was significantly higher in the grains harvested in the andosol field, suggesting that the increase in b-glucan content caused the increase in pearling time. The grains of low-protein cultivars harvested in the andosol field had a higher protein content and steely-grain ratio than those harvested in the gray lowland field. Low-protein cultivars are not useful as a breeding material to breed cultivars with complete floury endosperm texture.View full abstractDownload PDF (1171K) -
Takuji Tonooka, Naoyuki Kawada, Masaya Fujita, Toji Yoshioka, Chikako ...2010 Volume 79 Issue 3 Pages 308-315
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEndosperm texture and pearling quality were investigated in the near-isogenic lines (NILs) with waxy (wax) and fractured starch granule mutant (fra) genes in gray lowland and andosol upland fields. Endosperm vitreosity (steely grain ratio) in non-waxy cultivars and lines was higher in the andosol upland fields, whereas the NILs with wax and fra genes showed complete floury endosperm texture independent of the protein content. The NILs with wax and fra genes showed higher whiteness of pearled grains than the parental lines in both gray lowland and andosol fields. All of the NILs had lower starch content but higher β-glucan content than the parental lines. The fractured starch granule mutant is useful material for breeding of non-waxy cultivars with complete floury endosperm texture and high whiteness of pearled grains.View full abstractDownload PDF (885K)
Genetic Resources and Evaluation
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Satoshi Shimamura, Keiji Iimura, Tadashi Takamizo, Masao Ishimoto, Mak ...2010 Volume 79 Issue 3 Pages 316-321
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGenerally soybean is a crop with a very high autogamy rate, but the allogamy rate may increase when the low temperature before the flowering stage induces abnormal pollen formation. In this study, we examined the effects of a low temperature before the flowering stage on the natural out-crossing rate. The cotyledons of soybean cv. Aomarukun are green, but those of the F1 obtained by crossing with cultivars with yellow cotyledons are yellow. Therefore, this was used for judgment of crossing. The plants of Aomarukun were grown in a growth chamber at 8-15°C for 7 days before the flowering stage, and then they were placed adjacent to the pollen parent under field conditions and the out-crossing rate was investigated. As a result, the out-crossing rate was 0-0.18% in the control plants and 0.1-0.62% in the low temperature-treated plants, indicating that the low temperature before the flowering stage enhances the rate considerably. In addition, the effect of the setting of beehives of honey bee, which is one of the pollinators, was examined. The crossing rate was higher in the plot with beehives(0.21%)than in the plot without beehives(0.07%). Thus, it was confirmed that a low temperature before the flowering stage is a factor increasing the natural out-crossing rate.View full abstractDownload PDF (1084K) -
Jun Hosoi, Jun Ushiki, Nagao Sakai, Masaharu Aoki, Koichi Saito2010 Volume 79 Issue 3 Pages 322-326
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA weedy rice with a red pericarp, called Toukon in Japanese, has recently become a problem in parts of Nagano Prefecture, Japan. To determine the survivability of shattered seeds of weedy rice, we collected typical weedy rice accessions in Nagano and studied the overwintering ability of seeds placed on the soil surface (surface-seeds) and the longevity of seeds buried at 10 to 15 cm in the soil (buried-seeds). All the surface-seeds had died by the second winter season. On the other hand, all the buried-seeds had died by the third winter season. The overwintering ability and longevity of weedy rice seeds varied greatly with the accession. In the first winter, seeds with deeper dormancy had a higher overwintering ability and tended to have longer longevity than those with shallow dormancy. These results suggest that death of shattered seeds of weedy rice could be accelerated by exposure to the cold of winter on the soil surface and that their seed banks could be eradicated by implementing thorough weed control for two years while preventing the transfer of seeds by farm machinery from other fields.View full abstractDownload PDF (940K)
Crop Physiolory and Cell Biology
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Shin Yabuta, Sayaka Minami, Susumu Hakoyama, Yoshinobu Kawamitsu2010 Volume 79 Issue 3 Pages 327-335
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe duration of reproductive phase (DRP), which was defined as the number of days from panicle initiation to heading, was investigated for 8 cultivars of Oryza sativa L. including 2 japonica and 6 indica varieties at Kagoshima. The DRP was determined by observing the panicle initiation stage under a stereoscopic microscope and the heading stage with the naked eye. DRP of cultivars were examined under two conditions, natural daylength and constant short daylength (10h day/14h dark). Results obtained are as follows: (1) DRP was shortest in early maturing followed by medium and late maturing varieties in this order. The DRP shortened by short-day treatment also varied with the cultivar in the same order. (2) There was a significant difference in DRP among cultivars and treatments with a p\<0.01 according to the analysis of variance. These results show that the DPR varied with the cultivars and growth condition. On the other hand, in some cultivars such as TEPI, MIRITI, BINASHAIL, DPR were not differ influenced by short-day treatments suggesting that the DPR of some cultivars are not sensitive to short-day treatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (844K)
Modelling, Information and Environment
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Takashi Momii, Ichiro Syaku, Kazuo Matsuya, Yasunori Nakajima, Yukihir ...2010 Volume 79 Issue 3 Pages 336-341
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fertilizing effects of four major elements (N, P, K, Ca) and compost in the rice fi eld have been recorded since 1926. Using the experimental data obtained during 77 years until 2002, we performed principal component analysis (PCA) to examine how the yield of rice was infl uenced by each fertilizer element in each year. We found two principal components by using PCA. The fi rst component was considered to relate with the yield when both N and P were applied, and the second with the yield when N and/or P (N or P or both) were not applied. We classifi ed the experimental years according to the result of the PCA, and examined the characteristics of fertilizing effects and climatic conditions in each year group. In the groups with high yield and with both N and P application, the effects of K and Ca were low, and compost was effective. In the groups with high yield and without N or P application, sunlit period was long, when the effects of K and Ca application with both N and P were high. In the groups with long sunlit period, the yield in the plots without K or Ca application was lower than that in the plots fertilized with N, P, K and Ca. This may be because absorption of K was suppressed by defi ciency of K or Ca, and photosynthesis under (in) low humidity was greatly suppressed under such conditions. The results suggest that application of K and Ca with both N and P is more effective under the conditions suitable for photosynthesis with long sunlit period.View full abstractDownload PDF (1219K) -
Hara Yoshitaka2010 Volume 79 Issue 3 Pages 342-350
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing the Arrhenius equation, periods of varying temperatures can be converted to days of standard temperature. The number of days transformed to standard temperature (DTS) is useful for predicting plant growth under different temperature conditions. Because calculating precise DTS using temperature data including diurnal variation is laborious, many studies have used only daily mean temperature. In this study, I examined the extent to which DTS is misestimated by calculation using only daily mean temperature, and tried to correct the estimation method. First, a formula to calculate DTS for semidiurnal constant temperature was derived and adapted to the number of days until seedling emergences of rice plants under semidiurnal constant temperature; days until emergence could be calculated following this formula. Next, based on air and soil temperatures over 3 years, the extent of misestimation of DTS was estimated and it was found to be less than 1% for soil temperature but close to 6% for air temperature. This suggests the importance of the diurnal variation of temperature for DTS calculation. Because there was a close relationship between the extent of underestimation and the daily range of temperature, the DTS formula was improved considering the daily temperature range. By this correction, misestimation was reduced to less than 0.3%, even for air temperature, showing that precise DTS can be easily calculated using daily mean temperature and daily temperature range.View full abstractDownload PDF (1327K) -
Norichika Miyano, Makie Kokubun2010 Volume 79 Issue 3 Pages 351-356
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn Miygai prefecture, the percentage of the first grade rice-grains (%FGG) is lower in the Sennan area than in other areas. Climatic factors during ripening stage were responsible for the inferior quality. We examined the correlation of the number of panicles per m2 (NOP) with %FGG and climatic conditions before heading in the past 28 years in three areas of Miygai; Sennan, Sendai and Osaki. Before 1993, when Sasanishiki was a dominant cultivar, the number of spikelets per m2 (NOS) negatively correlated with %FGG in all areas, and positively correlated with the number of panicles per m2 (NOP) in the years in which a negative correlation was observed between NOS and %FGG. The NOP negatively correlated with accumulated sunshine hours in July in Sennan, daily minimum air temperature from young panicle formation to meiotic stage in Sendai, and daily minimum air temperature in July in Osaki. In the period from 1994 to 2005, when Hitomebore was a dominant cultivar, NOS negatively correlated with %FGG and positively with NOP. NOP positively correlated with accumulated sunshine hours in June in Sennan, and with daily maximum air temperature from transplanting to summer solstice in Sendai. The effect of the weather condition around heading on %FGG in Sasanishiki was different from that in Hitomebore.View full abstractDownload PDF (758K)
Research and Technical Note
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Tsubasa Matsuoka, Nobumasa Ayuzawa, Kobayashi Toshiki2010 Volume 79 Issue 3 Pages 357-362
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe conducted studies to select barley cultivars potentially useful for roasted barley tea. First, we analyzed the properties of barley grain; and then we roasted the grains of each barley cultivar to a similar level of darkness. The properties of the barley grain were then statistically compared with those of roasted barley. We found a high negative correlation between the 1000-kernel weight and 440-nm absorbance of the extract. A tasting test revealed that high-protein barley tends to have a strong aroma. Therefore, we speculate that the Maillard reaction of proteins and the caramelization reaction of saccharides are responsible for the aroma and color, respectively, of barley tea.View full abstractDownload PDF (883K) -
Masami Furuhata, Tadashi Chosa, Osamu Mstsumura, Akihiro Ohsumi2010 Volume 79 Issue 3 Pages 363-371
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe emergence and establishment of germinated iron oxide-coated paddy rice seeds were examined in the field and in pots to establish a method for direct seeding culture of iron oxide-coated seeds using an air-assisted row seeder in a cold districts. In this study, we focused on the prewarming of coated seeds to shorten the time to seedling emergence and establishment of direct seeding of iron oxide-coated germinated seeds. The effect of seeder passage treatment after heat processing of coated seeds on seedling emergence and establishment and that of cold storage of coated seeds were examined. Direct seeding of iron-coated germinated seeds resulted in earlier seedling emergence and higher establishment rate and promoted early growth under low temperature conditions, suggesting that iron oxide-coated germinated seeds would perform well in cold areas such as Hokuriku region. However, iron oxide-coated germinated seeds, after prewarming were markedly damaged by seeder passage treatment and were rapidly deteriorated in germinability during low temperature storage. Overall, the introduction of prewarming of coated seeds into direct seeding culture of iron oxide-coated seeds was difficult.View full abstractDownload PDF (2626K)
Information
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[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...2010 Volume 79 Issue 3 Pages 372
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (561K)
Mini Review
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Atsushi Ogawa2010 Volume 79 Issue 3 Pages 373-376
Published: 2010
Released on J-STAGE: July 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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