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Volume 27 (1958 - 195･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 405-
- Issue 3 Pages 333-
- Issue 2 Pages 151-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 27, Issue 4
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Reizo AIMI, Hiroshi SAWAMURA, Shoshin KONNO1959 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 405-407
Published: July 01, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRice plants, the variety Norin No. 29, were ripened after flowering in glassrooms, controlled at constant temperatures of 17°C, 21°C and 25°C respectively, and the behaviour of carbohydrates and its related enzyme activities were studied. Samples were taken at intervals of 4 days from flowering. Each of these samples was divided into the ear and the 1st, the 3 rd and the 5 th internodes respectively from the panicle downwards. The distribution and rise or fall in the contents of sugar, starch, and some enzymes (amylase, phosphorylase, invertase, and hexokinase) which were related to the metabolism of carbohydrate, respectively were determined. The activity of those four enzymes in respect of each part of the plant, which ripened at the low temperature, was not so much low. On the 65th day after flowering, the dry weight and the starch content of the ear were respectively highest at 21°C and were almost equal between 25°C and 17°C. But the process of ripening at 25°C and that at 17°C were quite different from each other. At 25°C, the dry weight and the starch content of the ear increased rapidly and then ceased accumulating at an early stage of ripening. On the contrary, at 17°C it increased slowly but steadily and it continued until the 75 th day after flowering. Sugar and starch in the culm were translocated to the ear at an early stage in the treatments of 21°C and 25°C, but not in that of 17°C. The following conclusions were drawn from the above mentioned results. The impediment in ripening at high temperatures is mainly due to the cessation of ability of the ear as a "receiving organ" at an early stage, and at low temperatures it is mainly due to the disturbance in supply of materials to the ear from the culm.View full abstractDownload PDF (527K) -
Shoshin KONNO, Reizo AIMI1959 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 408-411
Published: July 01, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Reizo AIMI, Taka MURAKAMI1959 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 412-416
Published: July 01, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Shigehisa KIYOSAWA, Reizo AIMI1959 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 417-421
Published: July 01, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA further experiment was conducted on the influence of temperature and shading on the development of rice panicle. The variety, Rikuu No. 132, was treated with all combinations of temperatures (17, 21 and 25°C), shading grades (70 % shading and non-shading) and durations (6 and 10 days) immediately before the "booting" stage. The 17°C treatments decreased the number of spikelets per panicle rather conspicuously, and also decreased markedly the percentage of fertile grains and filled (not empty) pollens. The shading treatments also brought about a corresponding decrease in the number of spikelets per panicle at the 21 and 25°C treatments, the decrease being influenced by the higher temperature. These shading treatments had no effect at the 17°C on the decrease of spikelet number. Further, the shading treatments did not affect the percentage of fertile grains and filled pollens.View full abstractDownload PDF (755K) -
Yoshio MURATA, Akio OSADA1959 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 422-425
Published: July 01, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThough RGR of rice varieties is influenced to some extent by their LAR at very young stage, it is almost completely governed by their NAR which, in turn, is mainly determined by the mean photosynthetic rate of individual leaves of the plants, displayed by them under the conditions of assemblage in the field, rather than their respiratory activity. And the mean photosynthetic rate of leaves is governed not by their photosynthetic capacity originally they possess, but by the "light-receiving-coefficient" of the assemblage. The coefficient seems to be governed by the number of tillers at very early stage, but, as the assemblage grows thicker, it becomes to be decidedly governed by its total leaf area. Plant height seems to be the second facter influencing the coefficient, , and the thickness of leaves may have some influence on it, too.View full abstractDownload PDF (562K) -
Kenji UEKI1959 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 426-428
Published: July 01, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was designed to examine the influence of water temperature upon the growth of rice plant due to continuous watering at tillering period in the paddy field (fig. 1). The temperature condition of irrigation water was showed in fig. 2. Experimental results were summarized as follows. As the water temperature ascended, the number of tillers and spikelets per hill decreased (fig. 4∼5). The total number of grains and the weight of grains per hill showed the greatest value in the plots subjected to 25∼26°C in mean water temperature and less than 30°C in maximum water temperature, and they decreased with the higher and the lower temperature than this (fig. 5). At the period of spikelet differentiation, the amount of nitrogen per hill showed also the similar tendency as above mentioned (fig. 6).View full abstractDownload PDF (551K) -
Yasushi HONDA, Sumio USUDA1959 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 429-431
Published: July 01, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSI. Experiments were made on the rooting activity of rice seedlings grown in lowland nurseries of different sowing density, in 1956. Thinly sown seedlings attained greater height and larger top-weight, and developed more abundant roots, than thickly sown seedlings. Therefore, "aging" seemed to have progressed quicker in thickly sown seedlings. Chemical composition of the seedling shoots depended upon their rootage. Both total sugar and starch contents increased with the amount of root, which is in turn controlled by nitrogen content in the shoot. Thus, thinly sown seedlings retained juvelinity, and had high rooting ability as compared with that of upland nursery seedlings. II. Furhter experiments in 1957 were made using various fertilizers on characteristically young and aged seedlings. Best results were obtained by the seedlings grown with 2N fertilizer for 44 days. When nitrogen denominater in the ratio suger+starch/nitrogen of the content in seedling is abnormally high additional applications of straw ash, KC1 and (NH4)2SO4 tended to improve the conditions and there were produced abundant roots. Rooting activity of seedlings were intensified by increasing the sum of total sugar+starch+nitrogen compounds caused by straw ash and KC1 applications, and on the other hand, by increasing total nitrogen in seedlings by means of addition of (NH4)2SO4 fertilizer.View full abstractDownload PDF (574K) -
Seizo MATSUSHIMA, Takio MANAKA1959 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 432-434
Published: July 01, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExamining the effects of top-dressing with ammonium sulfate under different amounts of basic fertilizer on the grain-yield and its constitutional factors in critical periods in which the value of each yield-constitutional factor is determined, as seen in Table 1, the authors tried to establish some reasonable fertilizing methods to get good yields. The most effective stage for top-dressing to increase the value of each yield-constitutional factor was as follows (Refer to Fig. 1): (1) No. of panicles per hill……Maximum tillering stage. (2) No. of spikelets per panicle……Differentiating stage of 1st bract primordium and just before reduction division stage of P. M. C. (3) No. of spikelets per hill……Differentiating stage of 1st bract primordium. (4) Percentage of ripened grains……Just after full heading stage. (5) Weight of 1, 000 grains……Just before reduction division stage of P. M. C. The best top-dressing method to get good yields varied with the amounts of basic fertilizer and weather conditions, but it might be generalized that the top-dressing methods (Plot No. 3, 7, 4 and 5) which always cause the rice plant to increase the number of spikelets per hill or per unit area are successful in getting good yields under the conditions which make the plant get a high percentage of ripened grains, and on the contrary, the other top-dressing methods (Plot No. 6 and 1) which always cause the plant to get a high percentage of ripened grains are effective in increasing yields under the conditions which make the plant get an excessive number of spikelets per hill. And some other top-dressing methods (Plot No. 10, 9, 8, 2, 7, 4 and 5) which cause the plant to increase both the number of spikelets per hill and the percentage of ripened grain or only the number of spikelets per hill (except for Plot No. 3) were liable to get good yields under the conditions which make the plant get a medium percentage of ripened grains and a medium number of spikelets per hill.View full abstractDownload PDF (572K) -
Masae HAYASHI, Nobuo KONAKA, Gyozo IGARASHI1959 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 435-437
Published: July 01, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors investigated the growth, grain yield and its constitutional factors in rice plants by early season culture. The results were as follows : 1) By early culture, the number of stalks and panicles, the amount of accumulated starch in the base of shoot, the weight percentage of dry matter were all increased. The grain yield was increased also according to the increase in spikelet number. However, ripening was retarded and 1, 000-grain weight decreased to some extent when the spikelet number became very large. 2) On well-drained paddy fields there were shown only little effects of early planting as above mentioned, while on ill-drained fields they were remarkable, especially when the soil was either boggy, clayey, volcanic ashy half-boggy or sandy.View full abstractDownload PDF (528K) -
Tatsuya NAKAUSA, Osamu KATO, Masae YAMAZAKI1959 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 438-440
Published: July 01, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) The effects of chloropicrin, DD (Dichloropropan-Dichloropropylene) and EDB (Ethylene Dibromide) as soil fumigant were compared on the soil of continuous cropping field of upland rice. The injury on upland rice caused by its continuous cropping soil were almost removed by fumigation with chloropicrin, and diminished remarkably with DD, but not affected with EDB inspired in the soil. 2) The greater the amount of chloropicrin or DD, the greater their effect, in the range of the amount from 0.5 cc to 3 cc per 900 cm2 in field. 3) The injury was recognized to be removed by steam steriligation at higher temperature than 80°C for 20∼30 minutes. 4) It seems that in the case of continuous cropping the growth of upland rice was promoted by soil-acidification, but was nearly unaffected by application of such elements as Fe, Mn and Mg.View full abstractDownload PDF (443K) -
Tadayo WATABE, Osamu UMEKAGE1959 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 441-442
Published: July 01, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is known that, in diploid glutinous rice plants, waxy or glutinous starch is found only in their pollens (of which chromosome number is 1 n) and the endosperms (3 n), while in all other parts (2 n), viz., leaf, stem, root and embryo etc., non-glutinous starch is found. In other words, it is said that waxy starch is seen only in the organs odd in chromosome number, and non-glutinous starch in the parts having chromosomes of even number, as far as the diploid plant is concerned. This experiment was carried out to make clear whether the relation above mentioned existed between the nature of starch and number of chromosomes in other polyploid glutinous rice plants or not. Tetraploid and diploid plants from each of three glutinous varieties and haploid plants from three varieties were used for materials. Main results were as follows : - (1) In all polyploid plants, all being of glutinous variety as shown in Table 1, waxy starch was found only in pollens and endosperms, and non-glutinous one was always found in all other parts, regardless of their number of chromosomes. Thus, the distribution of waxy starch appeared to have no regular connection with the chromosome number of plant parts. (2) Starch in the endosperms from both tetraploid and diploid plants possessed nearly the same ratio of amylose to amylopectin, as shown in Table 2, so that the constitution of the two kinds of starch seemed to be undistinguishable.View full abstractDownload PDF (414K) -
Kazuo NAGATO, Yoshio KOBAYASHI1959 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 443-445
Published: July 01, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. Cross sections were taken from mature rice kernels which had been kept in water for 24 or 36 hours, and were heated with an alcohol-lamp untill they became translucent. 2. When the embryo-sac becomes completely filled up with endosperm cells, 5∼7 days after flowering, the disposition of starch-cells in the cross section of kernel becomes to be characterized according to the variety, and toward 10 days after flowering, this characteristic disposition connected with the variety becomes more distinct, and thereafter it does not show any remarkable change until the mature time. 3. These varietal characteristics of the disposition of starch-cell are represented by the following 3 types. (1) In the first type, starch-cells are disposed radially and concentrically from the center of the tissue, and the starch-cells develope more vigorously along the dorso-ventral diameter than those in the other two types. The disposition of starch-cell of the varieties belonging to foreign rice, upland rice, glutinous rice and "koshitsu-mai" show this type. (Photos. 1, 2, 3, 4, ) (2) The second type is found in the kernel of the varieties used for brewing. Several layers of endosperm tissue are compressed along the dorso-ventral diameter into slender layers, because the growth of cells in these layers is very poor. In white-core kernels, these layers are conspicuously under grown and the disposition of adjacent starch-cells are disturbed. (Photos. 7, 8, 9, 10) (3) The third type is medial between the types 1 and 2, and the varieties of "nanshitsu-mai" belong to this type. (Photos. 5, 6) (Fig. 1) 4. The grade of fullness of rice kernel is appropriately indicated by its specific gravity, and in general the specific gravity is low in the outer part of kernel and becomes higher toward the inner part. In the kernels of the varieties belonging to the type 1, the specific gravity becomes higher consistently toward the core. In the kernel of the varieties of type 2, however, it is highest in the middle part of kernel and lower in the central part. In the type 3, it is highest in the middle part, while it does not lower at the central part. (Fig. 2)View full abstractDownload PDF (1274K) -
Juro FUKUI, Hajime OTA1959 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 446-447
Published: July 01, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to gain the high yields of soybean at the volcanogenous soil region, we established the deep ditching cultivation method. This paper presents the results of studies about the adaptability of soybean varieties for this method from the standpoint of the plant nutrition. The study was conducted in field experiment, and in pot- and water-culture. As the result of these experiments, it was clarified that those varieties which gave high yields in this cultivation were not so affected by the poor nutrient condition of subsoil, and did not show marked yield depression in the case of defficiency of any nutritive element, particularly that of phosphorous.View full abstractDownload PDF (448K) -
Keishi URANO, Susumu SAKAGUCHI1959 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 448-450
Published: July 01, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Eizo MAEDA1959 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 451-457
Published: July 01, 1959
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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