Japanese Journal of Crop Science
Online ISSN : 1349-0990
Print ISSN : 0011-1848
ISSN-L : 0011-1848
Search
Advanced search
OR
Browse
Search
Volume 84, Issue 1
Displaying 1-14 of 14 articles from this issue
Show all abstracts
    • |<
    • <
    • 1
    • >
    • >|
Review
  • Weed Problems in Importing and Exporting Countries of Genetically Modified Crops
    Kazuhito Matsuo, Yasuyuki Yoshimura
    2015 Volume 84 Issue 1 Pages 1-8
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.84.1
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    Genetically modified (GM) crops are grown on 175 million hectares in 27 countries in the world today. GM herbicide-tolerant (HT) crops were first commercially cultivated on a large scale in 1996 due to their potential economic benefits, but two problems have arisen: HT weeds and feral GM HT crop populations in new habitats. Both problems are clearly the product of cultivation and transport of GM HT crops. The two most widely planted GM HT crops contain genes conferring glyphosate tolerance or glufosinate tolerance. Excessive reliance on these two herbicides has encouraged weeds to evolve resistance. Such herbicide resistance has been reported in many countries cultivating GM crops, particularly in GM mega-countries including the U.S. There are many reports worth reading about herbicide resistance in these countries. Some researchers have recommended effective strategies to minimize the development of resistance, including focusing on growers’ awareness and practices. On the other hand, some importing countries have reported feral GM-HT crop populations originating from imported seeds that were spilled during transport. The evidence, to date, indicates that feral GM-HT oilseed rape populations do not have any advantages compared with non-GM oilseed rape populations. However, to benefit from the next generation of GM crops with stacked traits and abiotic stress tolerance, we must continue efforts to improve management systems with GM crops.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (973K)
Regular Paper
Agronomy
  • Phytoremediation of Radioactive Cesium Contaminated Soil by Cultivation of Amaranthus spp.
    Naoki Ogata, Toshirou Fujita, Masako Kato
    2015 Volume 84 Issue 1 Pages 9-16
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.84.9
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    The purpose of this research was to examine the practicality of phytoremediation for removing radioactive cesium from the soil polluted by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. We measured the concentration of radioactive Cesium (Cs134 and Cs137, hereafter referred to as Cs) in each plant organ and the dry matter weight of plants cultivated in the field in Kawamata town of Fukushima prefecture in 2011, 2012 and 2013. Radioactive Cs concentration was higher in amaranth(Amaranthus spp.) than in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) in all three years, but there was no difference among amaranth species. In addition, the concentration of radioactive Cs was higher in amaranth in the paddy field than in that in the upland field at the same location. This was probably because the lower potassium concentration in the paddy soil enhanced the uptake of Cs. On the other hand, the dry matter weight of amaranth in the upland field was higher than in that in the paddy field. The radioactive Cs concentration was highest in the leaves and lowest in the seed. For amaranth, the transfer factor of Cs in the plant from the soil was from 0.020 to 0.354 lower than the results obtained from amaranth experiments using the soil obtained from the Chernobyl exclusion zone. The removal rate of Cs from the soil by one time cultivation of amaranth was also low ranging from 0.019% to 0.283%. In conclusion, phytoremediation of Cs by amaranth cultivation was not practical.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (2150K)
  • Effects of Soil Moisture, Temperature and Sowing Depth on Emergence of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)
    Katsunori Isobe, Masayo Ishihara, Yosuke Nishigai, Naoyuki Miyagawa, M ...
    2015 Volume 84 Issue 1 Pages 17-21
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.84.17
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    In this study, to clarify the effects of sowing time on the emergence of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), we evaluated the effects of water potential in soil, temperature and sowing depth on the emergence of quinoa. In field experiments, the emergence ratio of August sowing plots was lower than that of the June and October sowing plots. The water potential and temperature of soil after sowing in August sowing plot moved higher than those of the other plots. Emergence ratio of quinoa was not affected by the temperature from 20℃ to 34℃. And emergence ratio of quinoa was not affected by the water potential in soil from –5kPa to –20kPa at sowing. However, the quinoa did not emerged at –40kPa of water potential. From above that, we considered that the changes of emergence ratio with sowing time were affected by the dry condition of soil after sowing. And from –5kPa to –20kPa of water potential in soil at sowing time, the emergence ratio of 1.0cm sowing depth was higher than that of the other sowing depth. In this study, the optimum sowing depth of quinoa was 1.0cm.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (922K)
  • Effects of Applied Lime Nitrogen in Paddy Field after Harvest of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) on Emergence of Volunteer Rice in the Japan Sea Coastal Area of the Tohoku Region
    Youichi Ohdaira, Hiroyuki Shiratsuchi, Hiromichi Yamaguchi, Akari Fuku ...
    2015 Volume 84 Issue 1 Pages 22-33
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.84.22
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    Seeds of high-yielding rice cultivars for forage were scattered over a paddy field in Daisen, Akita in autumn to elucidate the effects of post-harvest lime nitrogen (LN) application to control volunteer rice. The pseudo-dropping seeds were treated with LN. For seeds overwintering on the field surface, LN application (50 g m-2) in autumn, winter, and spring suppressed volunteer rice emergence more than in control plots, to which LN was not applied. Furthermore, LN application in autumn was more effective in suppressing volunteer rice emergence, because the temperature was higher than in other seasons, which intensifies the breaking of seed dormancy and germination preventing effects of cyanamide. In addition, the effective period was longer in the autumn treatment than in treatments during other seasons. Furthermore, the results suggest that maintaining a nontillage state for a definite period after LN application was important to suppress volunteer rice effectively. Actually, LN has dormancy-breaking effects, with subsequent damage on germination. In the cultivar whose germination was damaged rapidly by LN, suppression of volunteer rice generation by LN was conspicuous. The results suggest that post-harvest application of LN to high-yielding cultivars for forage at 500 kg ha-1 in autumn suppresses volunteer rice generation the following year to 1/6 or less than that without LN application in the Japan Sea coastal area of the Tohoku region.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (1837K)
  • Studies on the Tillering of Winter Wheat in Hokkaido. 1. Development of Tillering Tracking Method and Effect of Tillering Appearance Time on Ear Formation and Yield
    Hideharu Araki
    2015 Volume 84 Issue 1 Pages 34-40
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.84.34
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    Tillering of winter wheat has been studied in warmer regions, but not widely in Hokkaido, which has a long snow period. This study was conducted firstly to develop a simple tiller tracking method, then using this method, to investigate the effect of tiller appearance time on panicle formation and grain yield in “Kitahonami”, a main winter wheat variety in Hokkaido. The results showed that a relationship between the time of tiller appearance and its ratio to develop ears (effective tiller) was easily identified by attaching a rubber band with different colors on each tiller at the time of tiller appearance. In the tillers with more than two leaves just before snow (robust stems before wintering, RS), the ratio of effective tillers was 75−100%. In the tillers that appeared in spring after the snow melted, the ratio was 0−4%. RS with ears had longer stem length and ear length than SS with ears. At harvest, although there was no significant difference between RS and SS in 1000-grain weight, grain weight per ear was significantly greater in RS than in SS, having more grains per panicle. The present results indicated that the increase in tillers appearing before wintering would increase the number of ears per plant and grains per ear, and thus the yield of winter wheat in Hokkaido.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (1470K)
  • The Growth and Yield of KRFo93-1 as Forage Sugarcane Variety Under Two Harvests Per Year at Different Harvest Times
    Takeo Sakaigaichi, Yusuke Tarumoto, Ikuo Hattori, Atsushi Maruyama, Ta ...
    2015 Volume 84 Issue 1 Pages 41-48
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.84.41
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    In this paper, the optimal harvest time for two harvests per year in forage sugarcane variety, KRFo93-1, was studied. The growth stability and yield productivity were examined in plots harvested in July-May, August-May, September-May and October-May. This experiment was conducted until the 5th ratoon crop for three years. Although there was no significant difference in annual dry matter yield among the four plots, the highest annual dry matter yield of the three-year average was 3.89 kg m-2 both in the August-May and September-May plots. In the 2nd crop of the October-May plot, weeds grew vigorously because the canopy of forage sugarcane was not closed. On the other hand, in the July-May and August-May plots, forage sugarcane controlled weeds because the canopy was closed before the onset of winter. As mentioned above, it is concluded that the August-May plot is the optimal harvest time. The relationship between the growing degree days (GDD, base temperature 14.3°C ) and dry matter yield were also studied to predict the yield. The dry matter yield was expressed by the following regression curve, Y=6.21 ［0.0154exp(−0.00113 X)］ and R2 was 0.892. This regression curve is expected to help in deciding the harvest time of forage sugarcane.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (2315K)
Genetic Resources and Evaluation
  • Dry Matter Production and Photosynthetic Ability of Oryza officinalis Wall ex Watt under Salinity Stress Condition
    Yu Nishizawa, Ichiro Nakamura, Md. Amzad Hossain, Hikaru Akamine, Shao ...
    2015 Volume 84 Issue 1 Pages 49-55
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.84.49
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    This experiment was conducted to evaluate the salt tolerance level of the wild Oryza species, Oryza officinalis Wall ex Watt. Dry matter weight, ion content and photosynthetic rate of O. officinalis were compared with those of two salt-sensitive wild specis, O. rufipogon Griff. and O. australiensis Domin, the salt-tolerant cultivar O. sativa L. cv. Pokkali and the salt-tolerant wild species O. latifolia Desv. under a 12 dS m-1 NaCl-stressed condition. O. officinalis and O. latifolia subjected to salt stress had heavier leaf dry matter than Pokkali, and similar leaf water content (%) to that of Pokkali. O. officinalis and O. latifolia had more accumulated Na+ in the leaves than Pokkali. The photosynthetic rate of O. officinalis and O. latifolia was not decreased by a salt-stressed condition as compared with that of Pokkali. The main factor of the decreased photosynthetic rate was stomatal closure in all species. Furthermore, photosynthetic rate of O. rufipogon was related to non-stomatal limitations. Photosynthetic rate showed a positive correlation with stomatal conductance in O. officinalis, but a clear correlation was not found in O. latifolia. These results indicated that the salt tolerance mechanism of O. officinalis was similar to that of O. latifolia. However, the coefficient of correlation between photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance showed a difference between O. officinalis and O. latifolia in the response of photosynthetic rate to salinity stress.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (854K)
Crop Physiolory and Cell Biology
  • Effects of Methyl Jasmonate Concentration on Flower Opening Time and Fertilization in Rice Plants
    Kazuhiro Kobayasi, Yousuke Kobayashi
    2015 Volume 84 Issue 1 Pages 56-63
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.84.56
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    The objective of this study was to reveal if reducing the concentration of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) solution applied to rice panicles just before flower opening can advance the flower opening time without the side effect of increasing sterility in rice plants. We used the main culms of four cultivars and treated the panicles with three concentrations of MeJA (0.04, 0.4, and 4 mmol L-1) a few days after heading. We determined the time to flower opening after the treatment (flower opening time) by photographing panicles at 10-min intervals. The number of opened flowers, sterility percentage, and pollination on the day of treatment were also examined. MeJA treatment advanced flower opening time in three cultivars (‘Hanaechizen,’ ‘Takanari,’ and ‘Asahi’), (p \< 0.05, analysis of variance). Application of 4 mmol L−1 MeJA to ‘Hanaechizen,’ which showed the highest response to MeJA treatment, advanced the flower opening time by 194 min. Application of 0.4 mmol L−1 MeJA to ‘Hanaechizen’ also shortened the interval by 98 min. However, application of 0.04 mmol L−1 MeJA to ‘Hanaechizen’ did not shorten the interval significantly, but that to ‘Asahi’ shortened the interval by 26 min (p \< 0.05). Fertilization occasionally failed when the MeJA application advanced the flower opening time more than 1 hour. We conclude that reducing the MeJA concentration advanced flower opening time but was accompanied by sterility.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (930K)
  • The Photoperiodic Sensitivity Estimation at Three Growth Phases of Rice Fractionated by Turning Point of Leaf Emergence And Panicle Initiation
    Shin Yabuta, Susumu Hakoyama, Sayuri Inafuku, Yasunori Fukuzawa, Yoshi ...
    2015 Volume 84 Issue 1 Pages 64-68
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.84.64
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    The short-day response of rice plants has been considered to be promotion of heading by reducing the period of deletable growth phase (DGP) which is the period from turning point of leaf emergence to panicle initiation. The present research suggested the existence of photoperiodic sensitivity in not only DGP but also the reproductive phase (RP) which has been regarded as non-photoperiodically sensitive. We evaluated the photoperiodic sensitivity at DGP, RP and the basic vegetative growth phase (BVP) which is the period from germination to turning point of leaf emergence. As a result, all three growth phases were sensitive to photoperiod and the duration of each phase was reduced by a short day length. Especially, the photoperiodic sensitivity showed a larger varietal difference in DGP than in the other phases. There was a positive correlation between the days to heading and photoperiodic sensitivity in DGP and RP. These results showed that DGP was sensitive to photoperiod and played an important role in deciding earliness of variety. Although no relation was observed with earliness, photoperiodic sensitivity in BVP was lager in Japonica varieties than in Indica varieties. Analysis of the experimental results, according to the growth phase classification used in present study, revealed that each growth phases showed photoperiodic sensitivity and that the sensitivity changed with growth phase transition unlike the conventional theory. Therefore, by using the present method, the photoperiodic sensitivity can be studied in more detail.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (1020K)
Research and Technical Note
  • Growth Characteristics, Yield and Quality of Some Vegetable Amaranths (Amaranthus spp.) Cultivated in Okinawa, Japan
    Masanobu Ohshiro, Hikaru Akamine, Md. Amzad Hossain, Ichiro Nakamura, ...
    2015 Volume 84 Issue 1 Pages 69-77
    Published: 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1626/jcs.84.69
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Show abstractHide abstract
    Growth characteristics, yield and quality of seven leafy-vegetable amaranth lines were evaluated in detail for selecting suitable line(s) in Okinawa. Among the seven lines, three Bangladesh lines Bangladesh B (BB), Bangladesh C (BC) and Bangladesh Red (BR); one India Bengal line (IB); one Vietnam line (V); one Taiwan line (TW); and one domestic line Biam Tricolor (BT) were evaluated. BB, BC, BR and IB grew faster and had higher plant height than the other lines. Leaf number and leaf area per plant were largest in BC followed by BB and BR. BB, BC and BR had heavier stem weight than leaf weight, whereas V, TW and BT had heavier leaf weight than stem weight. Total shoot weight was the heaviest in BC followed by BB in all the experiments. Potassium (K) content of leaf was higher in TW and BT. Calcium (Ca) content was higher in BB, BC and BR, and magnesium (Mg) content was higher in BB, BC, BR and TW. Total sodium (Na) and K contents per plant were the highest in BC followed by BB, total Ca, Mg and crude protein contents were the highest in BB followed by BC, and total iron (Fe) content was the highest in BB followed by V and BC. Total ascorbic acid content was the highest in BB followed by TW, and was similar in IB, V and BC. Considering growth characteristics, yield and total value of quality parameters, the lines BB and BC could be suitable for cultivation in Okinawa prefecture.
    View full abstract
    Download PDF (1500K)
Information
Symposium
Mini Review
    • |<
    • <
    • 1
    • >
    • >|
feedback
 Top