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Volume 76 (2007)
- Issue 4 Pages 501-
- Issue 3 Pages 355-
- Issue 2 Pages 171-
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Volume 76, Issue 3
Displaying 1-20 of 20 articles from this issue
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Regular Paper
Agronomy
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Yukitsugu Takahashi, Tomohiko Yoshida2007 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 355-361
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn Tomo Area of Gunma prefecture, paddy rice cultivar Goropikari had been widely cultivated from 1993. This cultivar has good taste, but farmers pointed out its weak resistance to diseases and insects, low yielding ability and poor grain quality after release. Therefore, in the 2000 s, we recommended replacing it with a new cultivar Asahi-no-yume in Tomo area. Asahi-no-yume is superior to Goropikari in resistance to diseases and insects and yielding ability, but the maturation is late. Hence, the time limit of transplanting was supposed to be 15 June, but later transplanting, e.g., on 25 June after wheat crop was desired. Therefore, we examined whether Asahi-no-yume is adaptable to transplanting after 15 June in Tomo area for 3 years from 2000 to 2002. The results showed that transplanting on 25 June had the same yield and grain quality as transplanting on 15 June, and we judged it possible to cultivate rice after wheat cropping in this area.View full abstractDownload PDF (847K) -
Yukitsugu Takahashi, Hirokazu Kubota, Tomohiko Yoshida2007 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 362-369
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn 2000, we replaced paddy rice cultivar "Goropikari" with "Asahi-no-yume" in Tomo Area of Gunma Prefecture.However, we lacked data about suitable harvesting time.Therefore, we examined the suitable harvesitng time for "Asahi-no-yume" cultured in early and normal seasons for 3 years from 2001 to 2003. The highest yield and quality were obtained by harvesting when the accumulated temperature was 950°C and the green-paddy rate was 13% in early planting,and when the former was 1000°C and the latter 22% in normal season culture. The paddy water content was about 25% at these times,which was suitable for combine harvesting.View full abstractDownload PDF (996K) -
Yukitsugu Takahashi, Tomohiko Yoshida2007 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 370-378
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied the effect of fused-phosphate-covering on seedling raising by a single application of whole basal fertilizer to the nursery box, in Gunma prefecture. The seedlings emerged in the nursery boxes arranged flatly, and grown by the pool-raising method. We applied the whole basal fertilizer named "Naebako-makase NK301-100" once, and sowed the seed on April and May in 2005 and on May in 2006. The sowing rate was 150 g per nursery box in April and 100 g in May sowing. Seedlings were grown for 22 days after April sowing and for 30 days after May sowing. We used grained soil, powdered-fused phosphate made in Japan and China, and globular-fused phosphate made in Japan for covering. We found that grained-soil-covering was useful for emergence and seedling raising, and the mat intensity was strong enough for transplanting. In the plot covered with powdered-fused phosphate emergence of seedlings was prevented, and the growth after emergence was not uniform. Covering with globular-fused phosphate caused serious growth injury, and the growth after emergence was not recovered. It also decreased the mat intensity markedly. Thus, it is desirable to cover the seeds with grained soil. However, there were many problems for the use of practical. The period of raising seedling could be extended up to 30 days. However, plants were tended to be spindly compared with conventional raising. Thus, we judged that the safe period for raising seedlings was 20-22 days.View full abstractDownload PDF (887K) -
Shizuka Mori, Yasushi Shibata, Kunio Oda, Hiroshi Fujii, Ho Ando2007 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 379-382
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDecline of rice yield by salty wind is related to the amount of Na adhered to the rice panicles. Generally, the amount of Na (and/or Cl) in solution is determined by titration with silver nitrate,atomic absorption spectrophotometry and ion chromatography.Although the accurate values can be obtained using these methods, the equipment is not available to most farmers. Therefore, we established a new simple and rapid method for evaluation of Na adhered to panicles using an electric conductivity (EC) meter to quickly determine the amount of Na. We found that the amount of salt per panicle of rice plant evaluated with the EC meter was significantly related to the amount of Na per panicle determined using ion chromatography. The larger the amount of salt per panicle determined using the EC meter, the severer the damage observed in the grains. In addition, a negative relationship was observed between the amount of salt per panicle determined with an EC meter and the distance from sea.View full abstractDownload PDF (855K) -
Emiko Nakamura-Aoki, Seiji Ito, Jouji Moriwaki, Takahide Baba2007 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 383-393
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of scattering the infected leaves and sprinkling the field with water on the degree of infection, yield and pearled-grain quality of barley were investigated using the susceptible cultivar “Minorimugi”. Sprinkling of water before heading promoted scald development. In the plot where infected leaves were scattered before snow in December, the plants were severely infected with scald about four weeks after heading, irrespective of sprinkling. The infection degree in this plot was significantly higher than in the plots where the infected leaves were scattered in March, fungicide was applied, and neither the infected leaves nor fungicide was applied (control). Scattering the infected leaves in December seems to be a useful method to evaluate scald-resistance of genetic resources and breeding resistant lines. The plump-grain yield in the winter-scattering plot was significantly lower than that in other plots by ANOVA, and it had a significant negative correlation with the sum of infection degree during the ripening period. Lower yield caused by scald was attributed to the inhibition of grain growth, not to the decrease in the number of panicles. The pearling time and the rate of steely kernels tended to be increased with increasing scald infection, but they greatly varied with the year. Thus pearling time, rate of broken kernels, rigidity value and crude protein content were not affected by the infection.View full abstractDownload PDF (1373K) -
Kazuei Usuki, Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Junko Tazawa2007 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 394-400
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of previous crops with no-tillage on the growth of maize and symbiotic association with arbusculer mycorrhizal (AM) fungi were studied. Both the propagule density and colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the field with no-tillage were low when buckwheat was precultivated than when maize was precultivated in the previous summer season. It was due to stimulated association of maize with the propagule of AM fungi. The growth of maize and colonization of AM fungi at vegetative stage were also enhanced significantly by the no-tillage treatment after oat (host plant of AM fungi) cultivation. In particular, the cultivation until just before maize seeding greatly increased the association with AM fungi in no-tillage systems in the central region of Japan. It was assumed that colonization of AM fungi might be stimulated by no-tillage after oat cultivation, because the soil was kept undisturbed and the hypha network of AM fungi in the soil was maintained. However, the effect of tillage systems on the final yield of maize was not observed. It was concluded that the previous cultivation with no-tillage might provide a favorable environment for early dry matter production of maize in the field with depressed propagules.View full abstractDownload PDF (694K) -
Tsuyoshi Fujino, Fujio Tamai, Masataka Fukuyama2007 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 401-409
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhite clover (Wc) has been reported as one of the effective living mulch plants.We investigated sweet corn (Sc) yield under Wc living mulch without trimming during the growth period of Sc in southern Kanto. Wc was sowed in the field of Kanagawa Prefecture on Oct. 7, 2002 and Feb. 21, 2003, at the rate of 5g and 10g per m2, respectively. Wc was mown once before Sc seeding. Wc growth in fall sowing was superior to that in spring sowing. However, there was not much difference in Wc growth between the two sowing rates. Wc sown in fall definitely controlled weeds,and the ear of Sc in the field with fall-sowing Wc fully matured and had a high quality. Wc sown in spring did not prevent spreading of broad-leaved weeds in summer. The number of Sc individuals decreased after Sc seeding under Wc living mulch. However, Sc yield in fall-sowing Wc was not less than that in common cultivation. The above results suggested that Sc cultivation with Wc living mulch may be available as a farming system without using chemical herbicides in southern Kanto.View full abstractDownload PDF (983K)
Quality and Processing
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Minoru Osawa, Naoto Inoue2007 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 410-415
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStarch digestibility was studied in eight rice cultivars with four levels of amylose content.An in vitro digestion method with α-amylase was applied to estimate the glycemic index in vivo based on kinetics of starch hydrolysis. The pattern of digestibility was described by using the ørskov and McDonald's equation. The results indicated that amylose and non-digestible oligo saccharide contents affected the pattern of starch digestion. The content of amylose was significantly correlated with the amount of the digestible fraction and the content of non-digestible oligo saccharide with the rate of starch hydrolysis. Starch tends to be hydrolyzed more rapidly and completely in the waxy and low-amylose types of rice varieties than in intermediate- and high-amylose types. The estimated glycemic index was significantly correlated with the break-down value measured with a rapid visco analyzer.View full abstractDownload PDF (832K) -
Satoshi Nakatsu, Osamu Okumura, Kazufumi Yamaki2007 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 416-422
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChinese-noodle quality of the noodles made from 8 Hokkaido wheat varieties (6 winter wheat varieties, Hokushin, Taisetsukomugi, Horoshirikomugi, Kitanokaori, Kitamoe and Chihokukomugi, and 2 spring wheat varieties, Haruyokoi and Haruyutaka) was evaluated in comparison with those made from commercial flour. The influence of protein contents and ash contents on Chinese-noodle quality was also investigated. Brightness (L*) of the noodle sheet varied with the wheat variety. Spring wheat varieties Haruyokoi and Haruyutaka, had relatively high protein contents of flour and greatly lowered L* after sheeting. Winter wheat varieties Hokushin, Taisetsukomugi, Horoshirikomugi, Kitamoe and Chihokukomugi had a high L* and low protein contents of flour. Kitanokaori and commercial flour had a high L* despite the high protein contents of flour as in spring wheat varieties. Ash contents of flour exhibited a negative correlation with L* of noodles. A strong correlation was observed between the hardness of boiled noodles and protein contents of the flour. So, hardness of boiled noodles made from spring wheat varieties, Kitanokaori and commercial flour was higher than that made from other winter wheat varieties. The maximum viscosity of amylography did not show any significant correlation with either L*or hardness of boiled noodles, since the maximum viscosity on all samples was fairly high. Kitanokaori was estimated to be most suitable for Chinese-noodle making among 8 Hokkaido wheat varieties, because of the high hardness of boiled noodles and considerably high L* of noodles. Winter wheat varieties, Chihokukomugi, Taisetsukomugi, Hokushin and Kitamoe, exhibited a high L* with low hardness. However, the spring wheat varieties, Haruyokoi and Haruyutaka had both properties of low L* and high hardness. In Hokushin wheat samples harvested in the same area, the higher the protein contents of flour the harder the boiled noodles and lower the L* of noodles.View full abstractDownload PDF (892K)
Genetic Resources and Evaluation
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Syunsaku Kawatsu, Koki Homma, Takeshi Horie, Tatsuhiko Shiraiwa2007 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 423-432
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn recent Japan, the increasing summer temperature and its influence on rice production have been recognized. The change in management and cultivar to adapt to this warming trend is necessary to maintain the yield and quality of rice. In this study we quantified the changes of weather condition and their effects on the production of rice in Japan during the period from 1964 to 2003. The average CO2 concentration in the atmosphere from June to August increased from 322 ppm in 1964 to 367 ppm in 2003. The average daily maximum temperature from June to August increased by about 0.8°C and minimum temperature about 1.1°C during the 40 years. The rice heading season in 1994-2003 was one to two weeks earlier than that in 1964-1973. The shift of heading season resulted in lowering of air temperature before heading and rise in air temperature and increase in solar radiation after heading. The change in CO2 concentration was estimated to increase the rice productivity by 2.5%, the climate change to increase it by -6.0 to 3.1%, and the shift of heading season to increase it by -0.5 to 6.8%. The analysis indicated that the positive effect of increased solar radiation on rice productivity was offset by the negative effect of temperature rise. By analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis we estimated that a 1°C increase in average daily minimum temperature during 10 to 30 days after heading reduced the ratio of first-class rice by 3.57%, and that a 1 Mj increase in average daily solar radiation increased the ratio by 2.59%. Although late transplanting is sometimes recommended to maintain grain quality of rice, the results of this study suggest that the late transplanting slightly improves the quality but definitely decreases the yield.View full abstractDownload PDF (1143K) -
Izumi Oh-e, Reiko Uwagoh, Sayaka Jyo, Takayuki Kurahashi, Kuniyuki Sai ...2007 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 433-444
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of rising temperature on growth, yield and dry-matter production of soybean (cv. Enrei) growing in a temperature gradient chamber (TGC) during the whole growth season were investigated from 2002 to 2004. The experimental plots, E1 (control), E2, E3 and E4 (high-temperature plots), were arranged along the temperature gradient in TGC. The average mean air-temperature in E4 was 1.0°C, 1.0°C and 1.6°C, higher and the maximum air-temperature was 2.0°C, 2.0°C and 3.4°C higher than that in E1, in 2002, 2003 and 2004, respectively. Total number of nodes per m2 in 2002 and 2003 tended to increase in the high-temperature plots especially due to the increased number of racemes with compound leaves in 2002, and increased number of branches in 2003. The duration of flowering period in E2 and E4 was one and three days shorter than that in E1, respectively, in 2002 and that in E4 was two days shorter than that in E1 in 2004. In 2002 and 2004, the total number of flowers per plant in the high-temperature plots decreased 18.7-31.0% as compared with that in E1 due to the decrease in the number of flowers on the upper order racemes. In 2002 and 2003, plant dry-weight in the early ripening period was heavier in the high-temperature plots than in E1 especially in E3, and the rate of increase in E4 was lower than in E3. In 2004, the higher the temperature, the lighter the plant dry weight in the early ripening period, i. e. , lightest in E4. The change in the photosynthetic rate in the fully expanded upper leaf was not different among the plots. Seed yield in E1 was the highest in 2003 and lowest in 2002. A close correlation was observed between plant dry weight and seed yield over three years. In the normal year (2002) and low-temperature year (2003), the seed yield was higher in high-temperature plots especially in E3 than in E1, but in a high-temperature year (2004) the higher the temperature, the lower the seed yield and the yield was lowest in E4. This seed yield decline in the high-temperature plots was due to the decrease in both the number of flowers and pods per m2. The relationship between seed yield and mean temperature during the ripening period was different with the year. It was expected that the higher the temperature within a range of 27-31°C, the higher the seed yield, but a further temperature rise restricts the seed yield.View full abstractDownload PDF (1082K)
Research and Technical Note
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Satoshi Yoshinaga, Eiji Sakaiya, Hiroshi Yoshida, Akiko Yamamoto, Kazu ...2007 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 445-449
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn submerged direct-seeding of rice cultivation, the drainage after seeding contributes to stabilization of seedling establishment and the amount of oxygen generating products (Calper Fine Granule, simply called "Calper" hereafter) for seed coating is decreasing in recent years. In this study, we analyzed the data collected in Tohoku region and examined the relationship between the amount of Calper for seed coating and the rate of seedling establishment under a drained condition after seeding. The rate of seedling establishment was lower without Calper coating than with coating even when the field was drained after seeding. On the other hand, when the amount of Calper coating was decreased to half of the standard (equivalent to dry-seed weight), the percentage of seedling establishment was reduced only slightly (4%), but it was significantly reduced under low temperature conditions compared with the standard Calper coating (double the dry-seed weight). Thus, it is necessary to consider the amount of Calper coating and seeding time, when the low temperature condition at the seedling emergence period is anticipated. Furthermore, the application of the technique to promote seedling emergence is also important for stabilization of seedling establishment at low temperature conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (703K) -
Reinosuke Ida2007 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 450-453
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was conducted to improve the method of assessing the thickness distribution of crude brown rice using a quadrat-sampling slot-sieving grader. The official method for assessing the thickness distribution of crude brown rice is to shake about 200 g of crude brown rice for 5 min, then use a sieving grader. Using Koshihikari and Nipponbare varieties in good ripening conditions, we used a 2 × 3 factorial design with three randomized blocks to assess the relationship between the time of shaking (2 min, 5 min, 8 min) and the sample weight of crude brown rice (ca. 200 g, ca. 100 g). No significant relationship was found between the sample weight and the time of shaking. However, each main effect was shown to be significant. The results of multiple comparison using the Holm method revealed that shaking of 100 g crude brown rice for 2 min is the best method. This method reduces the sample weight of crude brown rice, thereby shortening the shaking time. This method is a practical method that can reduce assessment costs when in good ripening conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (655K) -
Isao Akagi, Motoki Nishihara, Shigehide Ueda, Akitoshi Yokoyama, Yoki ...2007 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 454-458
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFourteen soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars bred in Kyushu for cultivation in warm districts were grown in Miyazaki prefecture in 2003, 2004 and 2005, and their isoflavone contents were investigated. Total isoflavone contents ranged from 216 to 319 mg/100g DW in 2003, from 87 to 314 mg/100g DW in 2004, from 196 to 594 mg/100g DW in 2005. 'Fukuyutaka', the leading cultivar in Kyushu district, contained 199 mg/100g DW of total isoflavone (average of three years), which was low compared with other cultivars for warm districts. 'Akisengoku' contained 435 mg/100g DW of total isoflavone (average of three years), and it may be useful as a high isoflavone content cultivar for warm district. The proportion of daidzein, genistein and glycitein (aglycone equivalent) to total aglycone were in the range of 23.8-44.4%, 41.2-71.5% and 4.7-18.9%, respectively. The ratio of the content of daidzein to that of daidzein plus genistein (D/DG ratio) ranged from 25.0 to 51.9%, showing a wide variation among cultivars.View full abstractDownload PDF (1085K) -
Takahiro Hara, Takahisa Tetsuka, Katsuhiro Matsui2007 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 459-463
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Koki Homma, Takeshi Horie, Tatsuhiko Shiraiwa2007 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 464-467
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: August 10, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe analyzed the contents and usefulness of the world surface data reported by Japan Meteorological Agency. The data includes daily values of climate, such as air pressure, temperature, precipitations and weather, at about 400 sites in the world from 1982 and about 3000 sites from 1999. However, the data includes neither solar radiation, nor sunshine duration. Therefore, we evaluated an equation to estimate the solar radiation from the daily mean cloud amount and vapor pressure. The equation could estimate solar radiation in the area from tropical to temperate conditions in the monsoon Asia, and the accuracy was fairly good in comparison with an equation developed to estimate the solar radiation from the sunshine duration. The results indicated that the world surface data was quite useful as the primary weather data.View full abstractDownload PDF (904K)
Information
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[in Japanese]2007 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 468
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: July 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (585K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japanese], [in Japane ...2007 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 469
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: July 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (585K)
Mini Review
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[in Japanese]2007 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 470-472
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: July 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (3465K) -
[in Japanese]2007 Volume 76 Issue 3 Pages 473-475
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: July 03, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (4098K)
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