All issues
Volume 74 (2005)
- Issue 4 Pages 395-
- Issue 3 Pages 253-
- Issue 2 Pages 125-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 74, Issue 4
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
Regular Paper
Agronomy
-
Aye Aye Han, Hiroshi Ehara, Miwa Yasukawa, Teruhisa Umezaki, Yuichi Na ...2005 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages 395-403
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe growth and dry matter production in the early to middle growth stage of Manaw Thu Kha (MTK), a high yielding rice cultivar in Myanmar, were studied in comparison with Japanese cultivars (JP), Koshihikari and Nipponbare. The pot experiments were carried out in spring and summer, in 2002 to 2004. The leaf emergence rate, number of stems and leaf area were greater in MTK than in JP. The difference in leaf emergence rate between MTK and JP was larger in spring than in summer. The leaf number on the main stem of MTK was apparently larger than that of JP at 30 days after transplanting. The number of tillers in MTK was about two times as large as that in JP in both seasons in 2004. The dry matter (DM) weight of MTK was similar to or lighter than that of JP in spring, but was heavier in summer. In 2004, which was hotter than common years, DM weight was heavier in MTK than in JP. The nitrogen content per unit leaf area (NCLA) was distinctly lower in MTK than in JP irrespective of season or year. The relative growth rate (RGR) of MTK was the same as or lower than that of JP in spring, but was the same as or higher than that of JP in summer. Then, net assimilation rate was lower in MTK than in JP in both seasons. In MTK, leaf area ratio (LAR) was high and specific leaf area (SLA) was large during the experiments, and NAR was positively correlated with NCLA that was negatively correlated with SLA. In MTK, RGR was higher than that in JP even in summer, when NAR was lower than that in JP. Thus, it was considered that high DM productivity of MTK depended on the high LAR resulting from the large of SLA.View full abstractDownload PDF (1082K) -
Hisao Nakano, Takushi Izumi, Masao Ohnishi2005 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages 404-409
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn 1999, 2000, 2001 and 2003, soybean plants were cultivated in a sand dune field with minimum irrigation (just enough to prevent wilting) and in a red soil field without irrigation, and the relationship between the yield and precipitation during the cultivation period, from June to October, was examined (Exp.1). The yield in the sand dune field was lower than that in red soil field every year, but in 2001 with a large amount of precipitation, it was similar to that in the red soil field without irrigation. The yield in the red soil field did not vary with the year, but that in the sand dune field highly correlated with the precipitation during the growth period (r = 0.80, P < 0.20). In 1999, the growth and yield of soybean cultivated in the sand dune with minimum irrigation were compared with those under enough irrigation (Exp.2). The dry-matter production of soybean under minimum irrigation was less than that under enough irrigation from mid-July to mid-August when the amount of precipitation was small, but was similar to that under enough irrigation after mid-August when the amount of precipitation was not small. In the sand dune field with minimum irrigation, plant height, diameter of main stem and the number of branches were lower than those under enough irrigation, but the node number of main stem was similar to that under enough irrigation. Under minimum irrigation, the number of branching was low from early July to mid-August when the amount of precipitation was small. In addition, the pod setting rate was low resulting in fewer pod numbers. Although the amount of precipitation was not small after mid-August, the 100-seeds weight in the sand dune field with minimum irrigation was lighter than that in the field with enough irrigation. This is probably because there was no precipitation for three successive days in September, which resulted in deficiency of soil water.View full abstractDownload PDF (796K) -
Shigenori Miura, Hiroyuki Kobayashi, Atsushi Oyanagi2005 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages 410-416
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor operation without herbicide and intertillage of soybean in Tohoku region of Japan, we investigated the effect of a winter-type barley living mulch system on weed suppression, growth and yield of soybean in 2002 and 2003. Treatments were LM+H+ (using both living mulch and herbicide), LM+H- (using living mulch only), LM-H+ (using herbicide only), LM-H- (no treatment ; using neither living mulch nor herbicide), and CC (conventional cultivation ; using herbicide and mechanical intertillage). In the barley living mulch plots (LM+H+ and LM+H-), barley (cv. Benkeimugi) drilled interrow just after soybean (cv. Tachinagaha) seeding in late May emerged 3 days earlier than soybean. Barley had a higher plant height than soybean until late June. The leaves of barley started to yellow early in July, and died early in August. In the barley living mulch plots, weeds were markedly suppressed without the use of herbicide or mechanical intertillage. In 2003, the weed suppression in the barley living mulch plots (LM+H+ and LM+H-) seemed to be better than that in the LM-H+ plot. Weed dry weight in the LM+H- plot was heavier than that in the LM+H+ plot. We concluded that the weed growth was suppressed more effectively by combining living mulch and herbicide. At harvest time, dry weight of soybean in the barley living mulch plots was the same as that in CC in 2002, and smaller than that in CC in 2003. In both years however, soybean yield in the barley living mulch plots was as high as that in CC, and the number of ripening pods and the hundred grain weight in the barley living mulch plot were not significantly different from those in CC. We wish to assume that the mechanical intertillage and the herbicide management would not be necessary in the barley living mulch system, although the risk of soybean lodging might be somewhat increased.View full abstractDownload PDF (1047K) -
Kazuei Usuki, Hiroyuki Yamamoto, Junko Tazawa, Kazuyuki Matsuo, Hiroyu ...2005 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages 417-421
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was conducted to determine whether or not mycorrhizal colonization and the growth of maize and oat in andsol field are influenced by reduced tillage. Both crops were grown under four tillage combinations; continuous rotary tillage from previous season, no-tillage followed by rotary tillage, rotary tillage followed by no-tillage and continuous no-tillage from the previous season. The population of AM fungi was not significantly influenced by these tillage treatments. The early-season colonization of AM fungi on corn roots was significantly stimulated by no-tillage treatment, irrespective of preceding tillage treatment. Although the continuous no-tillage treatment enhanced the growth of maize, it had no significant effects on the final yield. On the other hand, none of the tillage treatments had any particular effect on the colonization of AM fungi on oat roots or the growth of the oats. It seems reasonable to conclude that the no-tillage system stimulated colonization of AM fungi and enhanced the early growth of maize, but none of the tillage systems affected the infection with AM fungi of oats roots in this andsol in central Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (662K)
Quality and Processing
-
Yuji Matsue, Hirokazu Sato, Takefumi Ogata2005 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages 422-426
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPalatability and suitability for blending of low-amylose rice of seven cultivars were examined. The palatability of low-amylose rice varied with the cultivar, and the stability of the palatability for different production years also varied with the cultivar. No correlation was found in the palatability of rice between cultivars and production year or cropping season. The palatability of the rice with inferior palatability could be improved by blending with low-amylose rice. The palatability was improved the most by blending the rice evaluated as inferior in palatability (the base variety) with a low-amylose rice at a blending ratio of 50%, but the palatability of the blended rice was still inferior to that of Koshihikari. When the base variety was superior in palatability, blending with a low-amylose rice improved the palatability to a level equivalent to that of Koshihikari, and the best blending ratio was 25%. The palatability of the blended rice varied with the blending ratio more widely than with the cultivar, suggesting that the palatability of the blended rice is more affected by the blending ratio than by the genetic background.View full abstractDownload PDF (669K)
Crop Physiology and Cell Biology
-
Yeonghoo Kim, Norikazu Nakayama, Takuji Nakamura, Motoki Takahashi, Sh ...2005 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages 427-430
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe examined the influence of root nodules of soybean on the emission of NO and N2O, using three genotypes that were different in nodulating abilities, i.e., normal nodulating cv. ‘Enrei’, super-nodulating cv. ‘Sakukei 4’, and non-nodulating line En 1282. These three genotypes were cultivated on upland field (Andisol) and NO and N2O gas emission from the soil were measured continuously. The results showed that the higer nodulating abilities, the higher the emission rate: the rate was Sakukei 4 > Enrei > En 1282. In Sakukei 4 and Enrei, emission of NO and N2O was significant during the full bloom (R2) and full pod stages (R4), but insignificant in the seed filling stage in early September. This study indicated that the nodulating ability of soybean is related with emission of NO and N2O from the soil.View full abstractDownload PDF (554K) -
Kazumi Maeda2005 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages 431-437
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influence of the shell on the moisture of groundnut seed was examined using two cultivars, Nakateyutaka, which had a large seed with a thick shell and Chico, which had a very small seed with a thin shell. In group 1, freshly harvested seeds were shelled or unshelled and forced air-dried at 28°C for 9 days. In group 2, the shelled and unshelled seeds after dry storage (dried seeds) were sown in vermiculite at a 3-cm depth at 28°C and grown for 5 or 6 days. In group 3, the dried seeds were placed in a room kept at 25-28°C with a relative humidity of 89-99% for about 13 weeks, and in group 4, the dried seeds were placed in a room at 26-28% humidity for about 13 weeks. The effect of shell on the seed moisture differed with the cultivar in groups 1 and 2, but not in groups 3 and 4. The seeds in groups 2 and 3 showed an about 12-hour imbibition period, but the shelled seed germinated earlier and at a higher moisture content than the unshelled seed in group 2. The seed in group 3 did not germinate due to very slow moistening. These results suggest that the function of the shell is not only to protect the seed but also to regulate the moisture of seed.View full abstractDownload PDF (945K)
Research and Technical Note
-
Kazuhiko Ishizaki, Takaaki Matsui, Ryoei Harasawa2005 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages 438-443
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCharacteristics of a multiline variety composed of blast resistance isogenic lines “Koshihikari BLs”, bred in Niigata, were evaluated and compared with those of the original variety, Koshihikari for similarity of agronomic character, blast resistance and DNA finger print pattern. No significant differences were found in heading date, maturing date, culm length, ear length, number of panicle, lodging degree, grain yield, 1,000-grain weight, grain quality, overall eating quality, value of Mido and protein content of brown rice. On the other hand, the multiline variety was clearly superior to Koshihikari in resistance to panicle blast. These findings indicate that the multiline variety does not differ from Koshihikari in agronomic characters , and can be grown with reduced use of pesticides. In the DNA finger print analysis, the number of DNA bands was 5 for the multiline variety, but 3 for Koshihikari, indicating that the finger print analysis was a useful tool for distinguishing between the multiline variety and Koshihikari.View full abstractDownload PDF (846K) -
Yosuke Uchimura, Masahiko Furusho, Takahide Baba, Osamu Yamaguchi, Hir ...2005 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages 444-449
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo develop a DNA marker assisted selection system for lines with recessive resistance gene to all races of barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV), we produced doubled haploid lines (DHLs) of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) by the bulbosum method. Japanese six-rowed barley cultivar Shimakei 6 with a gene for resistance to all races of BaYMV was crossed with susceptible two-rowed barley cultivar lk2. DHLs were obtained by pollinating the F1 plants with pollen of H.bulbosum L.. Frequency of DHLs obtained was 4.5% of the pollinated florets. Ninety five DHLs were classified into 48 resistant and 47 susceptible lines in the field infected with BaYMV strain I. This segregation ratio fitted a theoretical ratio of 1:1. Segregation ratios determined with 36 molecular markers also fitted a theoretical ratio of 1:1 except for one marker. No heterozygous genotype was observed. DHLs are useful because we could obtain fixed lines with a completely homogeneous phenotype in a short period, and reliable repeated evaluation of phenotype is possible because they are fixed without segregation by seed multiplication.View full abstractDownload PDF (868K) -
Hozumi Yoshida, Hirotake Itho, Teruyuki Komastu2005 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages 450-455
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe examined the effect of reduced application of phosphate and potassium fertilizers on sugar beet production in brown andosol fields in the Abashiri area of Hokkaido in 2001∼2003. We could not find any significant difference in the leaf length, number of leaves and root growth between the sugar beet grown in fertilization-reduced plots and the standard fertilization ones. In 2002, the sugar content of sugar beet in the fertilization-reduced plot was higher than that in the standard fertilization plot, but no significant difference was observed in leaf and stem weight, root weight, or sugar yield between the two plots. By reducing the amount of phosphate and potassium fertilizer is reduced to about 70% of the standard fertilization, the contents of available phosphate and exchangeable potassium in the soil were kept at values higher than the diagnostic standard value of Hokkaido. These results suggested that the growth and yield of sugar beet in the brown andosol field in the Abashiri area would be unaffected by the reduced application of phosphate and potassium fertilizer.View full abstractDownload PDF (780K)
Mini Review
-
[in Japanese]2005 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages 456-458
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (699K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese], Alexander Lux2005 Volume 74 Issue 4 Pages 459-461
Published: 2005
Released on J-STAGE: July 07, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (5712K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|