1) The experiments were made with the view to find some means to induce the blooming of Italian millet at any desired time. 2) The plants which have finished the blooming in a given day, can not bloom in the next day, unless they will be kept for several hours in higher temperature. 3) Most of the flowers attain the condition enabling the blooming, within a few hours after the plants are transfered to lower temperature. 4) The main motive to induce the actual blooming of flowers that are fully prepared for it is the rising of temperature. But the blooming occurs also in a lower temperature when kept for a longer period, after the descent of higher temperature. 5) If the temperature becomes higher soon after the descent of it, the blooming of flowers does not occur simultaneously. 6) In the case where the higher temperature is 30°C and the lower 17°C, the desired duration of the higher temperature for preparing the blooming is more than ca. 6 hours. Most of the flowers attain the condition enabling to bloom within 4∼5 hours after transfering the plants to the lower temperature. So that, if the temperature is rised again at this period, the blooming occurs more prosperously and more simultaneously compared with the natural blooming. 7) Therefore, in order to induce the blooming at any desired time, the Italian millet plants must be treated with the method adove described, beginning at least 10 hours before the desired time. 8) It seems that both the light and the humidity have not much effect on the blooming. 9) In view of these facts, the chief environmental factor which determine the time of daily blooming of this plant, must be the periodical changes of the air temperature.

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1. It has been observed how the histological changes are caused on the tissue structure of the hypocotyl or stem by turning the direction of gravity acting upon it. 2. a) When the stem of a tomato plant is forced to maintain its horizontal position in the direction of gravity acting upon it, its growth in thickness in the treated part is more accelerated at the lower tissues than at the upper ; thus it presents an appearance of hypo-trophyical growth. b) This phenomenon is due to the dissimilarity in the growth of each individual cell, and not to the numerical increase or decrease of cell layers. c) The histological dissimilarity between the upper and the lower side is most noticeable in the cortex ; thus the cell walls of the upper collenchym grow strikingly thick, while the corresponding cell walls in the lower side have uniform thickness ; therefore, in the lower part such a collenchym as seen in the upper does not develop. Both the phloem and xylem cells in the lower side are more elongated in the radius direction of the stem, their walls become more thinner, and larger vessels are formed in greater number. d) The guard cells as well as the epidermal cells become larger in the lower side. e) Each tissue which forms the flank of the horizontal stem shows, with a gradual transition, an intermediate state between the upper and the lower side. 3. a) The hypocotyl or stem of Indian mallow plant, when held up horizontally, grows epitrophically in contrast with the stem of a tomato plant similarly treated. This growth in thickness is mainly due to the increase of the number and size of cells in the cortex and vascular bundles. b) In the upper side, cells which constitute the outer 3∼4 layers of the cortex come to assume flat and irregular shapes as a result of a higher pressure caused by the growth of the vascular bundles as well as the cell division occurring in the deeper part of the cortex, while in the lower side they maintain the spherical shape because of a lower pressure from the inner part. c) The formation of the phloem fibres is accelerated in the upper side, and retarded in the lower side ; thus it is recognizable that there arises a great quantitative dissimilarity in the fibre formation between these sides. And also in the upper side the fibrous cell walls grow thicker, lignification becoming higher than the corresponding cell walls in the lower side. The cells of each bundle of fibre are so arranged as to be consistent with radius direction of the axis in the upper side, and in the lower side they are arranged along the parallel direction around the axis, so that an elongated shape in the upper side, while in the lower it is found in a small lump. Moreover, the phloem fibres in the upper side, are pushed aside, either to the left or the right, from the zenith of the horizontal hypocotyl to its lower flank, as the dissimilarity is so great in the growth of the vascular bundle between the upper and the lower. Thus the phloem fibres are sparsely distributed in the upper, while densely in the lower. d) The dissimilarity of the growth of the xylem part between the upper and the lower side is also very great ; the thickness of the upper xylem 3 times as much as that of the lower xylem, and the number of cell layers are in the ratio 2.5∼3 : 1 : But the lower side surpasses far the degree of their lignification. 4. The dissimilarity of tissue development occurring in both the upper and lower side of one and the same hypocotyl or stem is due mainly to the change of the acting direction of gravity, so the effect of sun's heat and light can be safely disregarded. 5. Erom the results of experiments, the following two points may be assumed ; the bringing about of an unequal distribution of plant growth hormone by turning the direction of gravity acting upon the main axis of the plant and the specificity of reaction to this substance, characteristic of separate plant species or variety.

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Studies on the photoperiodism in "Nori-Asa" (glutinous-hemp), an amphidiploid crop raised between Abelmoschus esculentus and Abel. Manihot, were made in comparison with those of the parents. In a normal outdoor condition, the flowering times of esculentus and "Nori-Asa" were about the same, while in Manihot it was quite later. The flowering period was the longest in "Nori-Asa, " the medium in esculentus and the shortest in Manihot. The numbers of flowers and pods were the largest in Manihot, the medium in "Nori-Asa" and the smallest in esculentus. The set percentage of pods was the largest in esculentus, the medium in "Nori-Asa" and the smallest in Manihot. By shortening and lengthening the day length, the beginning of flowering of "Nori-Asa" was not changed, while those of the parents were changed. By shortening the day length, the duration of flowering periods of three crops were shortened and the numbers of flowers and pods be came smaller in most cases. By lengthening the same, the duration of flowering periods of esculentus and "Nori-Asa" was lengthened and the numbers of flowers and pods became larger, but those of Manihot were shortened and became smaller in number. The set percentage of pods of three crops showed in most cases a marked decrease by shortening and lengthening the day length. The plant height in a normal outdoor condition and also when lengthening the day length was the heighest in "Nori-Asa" the medium in Manihot and the lowest in esculentus. But in short day length, the highest was "Nori-Asa" the medium in esculentus and the lowest in Manihot.

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1. To accelerate the potato formation, we make tubers sprout out their buds in the fall of the previous year and they are allowed to elongate to the length of about 4 cm. in the diffused light. The buds must be stored under the condition of proper temperature and humidity. In winter time, temperature must be kept above O°, Calthough thus treated tubers are more resistant to freezing. Thus we can increase the yield of potatoes. On 5th June, we can get the yield of potatoes about twice as much as that of ordinary one which wag planted at the same time in March. On 15th June, it is about three times as much. 2. This procedure is very useful for the prevention of virus propagation in stems and leaves. 3. The number and weight of tubers increase in proportion to the length of buds. 4. The small buds shorter than 1 cm. of large tubers often gave abundant potatoes, this interesting fact being discussed in this paper. 5 This practice has been proved to be desirable in our district (Miyagi and Fukushima prefecture), and it may be generally recommended.

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More than 800 strains were collected from two sources, the one was 59 agricultural experiment stations in Japan proper or abroad, the other 200 villages or towns in Fukuoka prefecture. They were sown in Wagner's pot in the one hand, or transplanted in specially designed lowland field in the other at the Institute of Agronomy, the Kyushu University. Degree of variations of such characters as ear colour, awn development, grain size, leaf hair, anthocyan devlopment in leaf sheath, number of nodes of the main stem, shooting date, culm height, ear length, number of ears per plant were observed. The author discussed on the geographical differentiation of these characters above mentioned from the genecological view point, compared with those of cultivated rice plant.

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This paper gives the result in which the authors have observed on the flowering time of the wild Japanese barnyard millet (Echinochloa crus-galli) in both the laboratory and the field. The most fllowers of the plant finish the blooming from am. 7 to 11 daily but a few of those flowers at the other hours, especially at night. It may be due to the temperature in the experiments that there is a slight difference in the flowering time between the experiments.

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In this paper the classification of the wild Japanese barnyrd millet (Echinochloa crus-galli) was described basing mainly on the morphological characters. The most distinguishing characters of the classification are the growth types of the plants, being three, that is, erect-, prostrate-, and intermediate type. The existence of antocyan in coleoptyl, mid-rib and sheath contribute to classify the wild Japanese barnyard millet. The colour of stigma is purple or white. The awn of spikelet forms of panicle and density of spikelet on the lateral axis are also standards of the classification of the plants. We have recognized the wide variations on the number of tillers and the period of shooting. It was especially interested that the individuals of this plant, the forms of which much resembled to the rice plant morphologically and ecologically remained on the lowland rice field and prevaild. The individuals remarkably differ from the rice plant have a tendency to be removed as useless.

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1. This experiment was made to clear the effect of light upn the development of tillering primordium and tillering bud in rice seedling. 2. The degrees of light used were four as follous, A plot-non-shading, degrees of light 100. B plot-shading about 80. C plot-Shading about 65. D plot-shading abont 35. 3. In the develupments of the separate tillering primordium and tillering bud, the tendencies of increasing and decreasing in proportion to the degrees of light were observed. 4. In the second tillering primordium and tillering bud, at A and B plots they were observed to tiller but at C and plots tillering was not observed and their developments was remarkably restrained. 5. In the third tillering primordium and tillering bud, at A, B and C plots they were observed to tiller but at c plot their developments was restrained to some degrees. 6. In the fourth and fifth tillering primordinm and tillering bud, at A, B and C plots it is guessad that they will be tillered. 7. In the D plot undeer any circumstanus the developments were remarkably inperior.

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1. A fluctuation curve of Japanese rice varietes was made for the numbers of stems per plant, using the data of variety tests in Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Stations during 1931∼1940. In this curve, the mode is 14.0, the mean is 14.93, σ is 3.81, and the skewness is 24.70%. 2. The fluctuation curve for the number of stems per plant drawn from the data of the each many prefectures shows + skewness. The center of gravity of distribution inclines to the left. The tendency is shown for the year's fluctuation curve also. 3. The number of stems per plant in every prefecture may depend on the tendency of the Prefectural Agr. Exp. Stat. in which whether the "number of ear" type or the "weight of ear" type of rice varieties are mainly cultivated. It also depends upon the number of plant per Tsubo as well as the yielding efficiency of the soil. 4. Many leading paddy rice varieties of the whole country were classified by the mean number of stems per plant, using the "absolute number method". The "mean deviation value" of the number of stems per plant was also culculated. The correlation coefficient of the "absolute numbers" with the "mean deviation numbers" are + 0.850. 5. In paddy rice varieties, the following relation may possibly be established. The theoretical number of stems per plant of a given variety at a given locality is equal to: (1). The mean number of stems per plant of the locality + "The mean deviation value" of the variety. (2). The mean "absolute number" of the variety + local deviation value. The theoretical number of stems per plant of a given variety at a given locality in a definite year may equal to: The theoretical number of stems per plant of the variety of the locality × the regression coefficient of the climate of the year. 6. The relations stated above were illustrated by a glaph. 7. The author argued an idea of the possibility of investigating on the rice characters, such as yield, stem length and number of stems, by the simultaneous equation. Characters = function (rice itself × climate × soil efficiency × cultivation). Using many such formulae we may investigate theoreticaly the characters of rice.

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From table 3 and figure 7 of the former report, the author considered that the regional appearance of the bad harvest year should be classified in three types as follows: I. North type belongs to the Hokkaido prefecture only and has the most severe bad harvest, and its trans-mode per cent is maximum, 15.9%. II. North-east type belongs to the northeast district in Japan and is the next severe bad harvest. This type has the width of about seventeen years period of bad harvest group and the length of about thirty years cyclic period. III. South-west type belongs to the southwest district in Japan, and probably having a longer cyclic period than the former type, but it difficult inferable about it for so short that the statistical period of this report is only a sixty years length. The correlative relationship between these three types is shown in figure 2. The most lowering injury to the rice production per unit area in Japan is that these three types of bad harvest fell into the same year, the average Ic is 79.3%. The next of lowering injury is the case combinate two types in each other I and II or I and III, the average Ic is 92.3% The single appearance of each three type is slighter decrease than the former, the average Ic is 94.3% as shown in table 3.

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The author examined the after-effects of the shortening the day length during seedling stage upon the growth of barley plant (var. Shirochinko) especially its influences on root length. Plants were grown in root-boxes fertilized as follows; (1) standard, (2) double the standard, (3) without N, (4) without P, (5) without K. The short day treatment hours a day (6) was commenced in a few days after their germination and continued for 30 ays. The main results were as follows : (1) The treatment made the total length of roots of all plots longer than that of non-treatment. (3) Heading and flowering commenced earlier in the plants of the plots such as without N, without P and without K, when plants were treated.

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A study was made of the inheritance of "light-sensitive" or earliness in response to relatively high temperature and long photoperiodic condition, and its linkage in barley. From the result, it was clearly known that the light-sensitive (Wechsel type) behaved as a simple recessive to the light-insensitive (Winter type) under an artificially controlled condition, although quite different segregation ratios were obtained when the same F₂ seeds were sown outdoors in spring. This character pair, named Ls ls, was found to be linked with the hairy vs. non-hairy condition in the leaf-sheath (Hshs), with 6.4 per cent of recombination. However, this was inherited independently of the long vs. short haired rachilla (Ss). It was stressed that artificial control of the experimental condition is necessary tor this kind of experiment. Table 1. Segregation of the light-insensitive and sensitive character in F₂ of a cross between two strains, A₁ (light-insensitive or true winter type) and C (light-sensitive or "Wechsel" type), both being isolated from Iwate Mensury No.2. [table] Table 2. F₂ segregation of light-insensitive vs. sensitive and hairy vs. hairless sheath character pairs in Iwate Mensury No.2 A₁ × C cross. [table]

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Frozen damage of young wheat spikes and its influence upon the growth have been studied. The results are briefly summarized as follows. Both the Spring Wheats and Winter Wheats were equally suffered frozen damage by cold temperature (below zero) when the young spikes reached the stage of differentiation of the parts in the flower, that is to say the initials of stamens can be seen as round papillae in the most advanced flower, or the differentiation more advanced. But the spikes that were not reached the differentiation as described above, were relieved of the damage. The damage was larger in Spring Wheats and early sown wheats because the differentiation was more quicker. By these damage, when it was early and great, the growth of the plants was stopped for a time, the large number of small and weak stems were appeared, the escape of ear became remarkably irregular, and the yields were greatly diminished. But when the damage was slight (in lately sown Spring Wheats and early sown Winter Wheats the damage was slight) the influences were not so remarkable. From these results it may be said in our district that in Spring Wheats late sowing is safety, and in Winter Wheats early sowing is profitable but there is a certain limit by the frozen damage.

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(1) This investigation was carried out by the similar way as in the previous report dealing with the geogrophical distribution of the weeds on the paddy field in Japan. (2) The total number of kinds of weeds on the upland field which are distributed throughout the whole region of Japan except Hokkaido, amounted to 266 species of 50 families. Among them 61 species were recognized as the most noxious weed, 100 species as the moderately noxious and 150 species as the slightly noxious. These species of weeds were found to be widely destributed throughout Japan, but over 40 species of weeds other than these were regarded as the localized ones. (3) Hokkaido has considerably different kinds of weeds on the upland field from the other part of Japan; about 100 species of weeds which are distributed Honshu are not found in Hokkaido. On the other hand, some frigid plants which are not seen on the Main Land, grow even on the upland field in Hokkaido. (4) Most of weeds on the upland field are distributed throughout Japan, except Hokkaido, although among 266 species of weeds 24 are not seen in Tohoku, 28 in Hokuriku and 6 in southern region of Japan. (5) Among the weeds on the upland field, only a few species namely, Polygonum Reynoutria MAKINO, Achyranthes Fauriei LEV. et VNT, Allium nipponicum FRANCH et SAV., Pleioblastus spp. etc. are endemic to this country and the species other than these are common with the other parts of the world. (6) Number of spcies of the Japanese weeds in common with the following respective region are; China, about 220 species; Europe, 95; North America, 89; South eastern regions of Asia, 62; North Asia 30. etc.. It is known that about 80 species of the weeds on the upland field have naturalized in the recent part, and most of them are of European origion. In them are included a considerable number of the most troublesome weeds in Japan. (7) The number of weeds common to both the paddy field and upland field in Japan were 40 species belonging to 14 families. Among them, Echnochloa crusgalli BEAV., Alopecurus geniculatus L. and Cyperus Iria L. etc. were the most noxious.

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I examined in the difference of resistance to the excessive soil moisture among wheat, barley, naked barley and their varieties. The result is as follows: (1) In resistance, wheat come first, the others being much weaker. Between barley and naked barley, the former was found greater than the latter. For example: the average value of (excessive soil moisture section)/(standard soil moisture section) in the weight of crops of the varieties of the three kinds was as follows: wheat 51%, barley 34%, and naked barley 25%. (2) The difference of resistance among their varieties was as clearly observed in the following order: naked barley, barley and wheat.

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This experiment was investigated on the consumption of the stored foods in the seeds in germination of various species (dent, flint, sweet and pop). (1) The stored foods of sweet corn were consumed most rapidly, then pop, flint and dent corn followed in order. (2) In the dent corn, the development of seedlings at the time of endosperm exhaustion was the growth stage of the 4th foliage leaf and 10.2 roots, in the flint corn, the 4th foliage leaf and 9.6 roots, in the sweet corn, the 3rd foliage leaf and 6.0 roots, and in the pop corn, the 3rd foliage leaf and 4.9 roots, at the mean soil temperature of 24.9°C. (3) The consumption curves of the stored foods in endosperms and the growth curves of seedlings are represented by application of the ROBERTSON's formula log x/(A-x)=K(t-t₁). (4) The suspension of dry weights in seedlings appeared after the time of endosperm exhaustion. (5) The increase of dry weights in roots was slow in the early period and rapid in the following period and it was not recognized to decrease till the time of endosperm exhaustion.

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We have investigated on the growth and yield of soybean plants which were treated with excessive supply of soil moisture during 5 days at different growing period and obtained the following results. (1) In every series, yield of plants were decreased more or less by treatment, but the degree of decrease varied with the different stages when they were treated. (2) In the 1st series where plants were treated during 5 days-period when they were young, vegetative growth was prevented, having low stems, few branches, therefore this series showed poorest yield except that of the 2nd series. (3) In the 2nd series where plants were treated during 5 days-period after the date of flower bud differentiation, vegetative growth was prevented, having especially few branches, lightest stems; and resulting in the poorest of all. (4) In the 3rd series where plants were treated during 5days-period after the date of flowering plants, showed better yield than the 1st and the 2nd series, because their vegetative growth was not so disturbed and seems as normal. But their yield were poor as compared with control plants.

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1. The principle of light inhibition underlying the mechanism of potato formation is discussed in detail on the light of anthocyanin formation. 2. Our investigation of light inhibition is undertaken to determine whether the meristematic power in nuclear substances of bud cells enters inversely into the root system where certain abnormal meristematic activity may take place and protoplasm absorbs the excess quantity of carbohydrate. This is the most important problem in furture in the field of crop physiology. 3. Injection tests often showed that materials taken from root kernel treated by a special methods also control the growth of roots and accelerate the formation of anthocyanin.

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Growth behavior and relations between yield and several characters concerning growth and development of fiiber flax were studied with data of the Main Station, the Tokachi Branch, the Kitami Branch, and the Kutchan Subbranch of the Hokkaido Agricultural Experiment Station. And relations between yield of fiber flax and climatological conditions were also studied with the same data. Number of year studied was 24 for the Main Station and Kutchan, 25 for Tokachi, and 26 for Kitami. The results are as follows: The number of day from planting to flowering averages 55∼60, and its coefficient of variability lies between 7.4 and 8.5%. The number of day from planting to maturity averages 85∼90, and its coefficient of variability lies between 5.7 and 8.8%. Mean length of stem at late June varies for stations, and it is highest in the Main Station and lowest in Kutchan. At late July the stem length showes the same trend as before, but its defference becomes smaller. Mean yield of stem is highest in the Main Station and lowest in Kutchan. Highly significant correlations are obtained between yield and length of stem at late July in all places. Irrespective of the stations studied, correlations between yield and mean air temperature are generally positive in early period of growth, and become negative in the advanced period, but the coefficients are not statistically significant except two cases. Correlations between yield and amount of precipitation are generally negative in early growth period and become positive in the middle period. The hours of sun-shine may not affect the yield directly, and its effect may be shown in proportion to air temperature and in inverse proportion to amount of precipitation.

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1. The material used in this investigation is the pollen mother cells of jute (Corchorus capsularis, L.) which were fixed in BOUIN'S solution. Sections were cut at a thickness of 7 or 10 micron and stained in HEIDENHAlN'S iron-alum-haematoxylin. 2. With the beginning of the nuclear division, the nuclear contents contracts and separates from the nuclear membrane to form the synizesis stage (Fig. 1). At the end of the synizesis stage the contractad threads gradually begin to expand again in the nuclear cavity. Perhaps this is a pachytene atage. At the end of the pachytene stage the spimere gradually begins to split into two threads which are more or less twisted together. This is the diplotene stage (Figs. 2, 3 and 4). After continued thickening and shortening the twisted threads of the diplotene stage gradually become ring shaped cbromosomes of diakinesis (Fig. 5). 3. Sometimes, during the 1st prophase, a part of the spimere seems to be connected with the nucleolus. The connection between the spimere and the nucleolus can be clearly observed as the nucleolus is projecting out of the nucleus as shown in Fig. 8. Perhaps, during the prophase, the nucleolus may be connected indirectly with the whole spimere as shown by the explanatory diagrams of Figs. 9, 10 and 11. And a movement of chromatin may occur from the nucleolus to the connecting spimere to form the chromosomes.

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Bass is a special product of Hamana-gun, Shizuoka Pref. It has a salt resistance and is able to cultivate on a saline soil. On the contrary, salt appears to be beneficial its quality to some extent. Chloride contents of the crop and its habitat were studied. Results are recorded as follows Growth and yield of Bass plant are not influenced by salt to this degree. Bass plant has considerable salt resistance, and are suitable to salt damaging region.

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1. Investigated on the growth and yield of the "Lactuca dracoglosa, MAKINO." 2. Growth of leaf stopped at the 20th leaf from the preliminary one and growth of further leaves is slowly or little. 3. Growth of leaf is greatest in the middle stage of the growth and the early is second and the latest is third. 4. Most adaptive period of transplanting may be at the end of May. 5. Greater space of planting greater yield of leaves but the plot with 72 plants was difficult to the works. 6. Lactuca dracoglosa, MAKINO is most important, particularly in summer season, for green diet of the chicken. 7. Heaviest yield of leaves per 1/100 Tan was 35.7kg, and yielded below the 20 th leaf. (1950, 9. 22)

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1. The author presents the fluctuation curve of ears per tsubo of paddy rice varieties, tested by all the Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station in Japan. The investigated case number exceeds 38, 000. And by that curve the minimum is about 200 ears per tsubo, mode is 900, mean is 859, maximum is about 1, 900, and the σ is 214.9. The center of the gravity of the curve inclines to the left a little. 2. We can calculate the accumlated number of ears per tsubo, and exhibit it by a cumulative curve. By that curve we conclude that the varieties over the half of the varieties of Japanese paddy rice have minor ears than 815. And the case that the number of ears per tsubo exceeds 1, 200, about which many agriculturists say that rice shows a good yield, is very rare and its percentage is smaller than 5%. 3. The author explained the mean ears per tsubo of every Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station. And the prefectures having lesser ears are as follows, Mie, Shiga, Osaka, Tochigi, Nara and Tottori. And the prefectures having more ears are as follows ; Fukui, Kumamoto, Yamagata, Ishikawa, Akita, Yamaguchi and Aomori. 4. The author explained the mean ears per tsubo of many varieties. And the varieties having lesser ears are as follows ; Kokuryomiyako, Watarifune, Hokoku, Fukusin, Showa No. 2. And the varieties having more ears are as follows; Norin No. 6, Sakae, Kyushu No. 8, Senbon Asahi and Norin No. 1. 5. The author shows the varietal, and the local, correlation coefficient of ears per tsubo and other characters. 6. As an appendix of this investigation the author explained the varietal correlation coefficient and the local correlation coefficient, and the yearly correlation coefficient of ears per plant with other characters.

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In 1950 spectro-analysis was carried out to the plants and soil in the experiments of the previous year. (Cf. the secondary report.) The results are summarized as follows: 1. Parallel relation was recognized between the drought resistance and the volume of the particular metallic elements absorbed in drought condition. Especially in nondrought-resistant varieties, important metallic elements such as Fe, Ca, P, etc. were detected less in the drought condition. 2. Almost the same results were obtained as for the disease resistance to the panicle-neck rice blast. 3. "Cu" element seems to play some important physiological parts of a rice plant as well as other essential elements, recognizing the fact that it was contained considerably in every part of a rice plant like essential elements. 4. Metallic elements were contained most abundantly in roots and next in underground stems as follows; essential elements-Fe, Ca, Mn, P and complementary elements-Al, Ti, Ba, Zr, V, Be. Especially the latter elements were contained more in roots and bases of underground stems than other parts. By this fact those elements seem to play some important parts as for absorption of nutrients of rice plants. 5. In unpolished rice kernels "K" and "Mg" elements were contained conspicuously more than in other parts of rice plants. This fact suggests that those elements have important physiological meanings in young rice plants.

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Germinating power of rice seeds with special reference to the location on the flower panicle was compared under various conditions. Excepting the second and the third spikelets on secondary branch, the comparable spikelets from different primary branches on the panicle exhibited almost similar germinating power. However, there were distinct differences between the spikelets from different location on a primary branch, namely, such vigorous spikelets as what would mature earlier were superior to the weaker spikelets in both the germinating percentage and the rapidity of germination, and the second and the third spikelets on the secondary branches were remarkably inferior to the others. These differences were more marked under unfaborable conditions.

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Several investigations have been done about the course of development of fruit in soy bean, but the histological change not yet clear. Soy bean (variety:Chizuka ibaraki No.1) were grown inp ots in out door. The samples obtained 1 day or 2 days interval were fixed with formarin-acetic alohol. The sections were made by Paraffin and Celoidin Method and stained with Gentian violet. The external and internal change of fruits are as follows. (1) Rapid increasing in length and width of fruit appeared during 9 days to 21 days after flowering, but increasing in thick continued during 41 days after flowering. Therefore, the maximum weight is shown in fresh weight at the 30th day of fruit development and in dry weight 36th day. The fresh weight, however, decreased remarkably in the ripening stage. (2) The differentiation of carpel to pod needed about 6 days except the tissues of schrel-enchymous fiber, pulp and inter-epidermis, and the cell elongation in pod continued during 16 days. Outer-integument was the origin of seed-coat and its differentiation was closed on the 16th day after fertilization, but the cell elongation cotinued during 24 days. Inner-integument and nucellus degenerated in the progress of devlopment of embryo and endosperm, and became invisible 2 weeks later. The differentiation of embryo began to occur on the 6th day and continued about 20 days and its cell elongation finished 5 days later. The division of nuolei in endosperm occurred abundantly in the early stage of fruit development, but endosperm was later almost absorped and pressed by the growth of embryo, so that the remaining was scarcely seen inside of seed-coat. No remarkable ohage was found in the tissue of funicle in all stage.

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The materials and their culture method used in this experiment were the same indicated in the previous paper. The samples obtained every day or 2 days interval in the course of fruit-setting were invesigated with the free hand section. The methods of microchemical test used were FEHLING'S and FLUKIGER'S test for reducing sugar, J-J. K. tes for starch, MILLON'S and BITRET test for protein and sudan III test for oil. The results obtained are summarized as follows: (1) Reducing sugare appeared in all tissues of fruit except collenchyma, pulp tissue, scherenchymatous fiber tissue and inter-epidermis of pod in the following order of pod, seed-coat, embryo (cotyledon. radicule and plumule). And it increased gradually in the course of development of embryo. In the ripening stage reducing sugar disappeared in all tissues of pod and seed-coat except the residual of endosperm of seed-coat. (2) Starch was detected in all tissue of fruit except xylem of vascular bundle and lateral vein of pod during 42 days after flowering in the following order of pod, seed-coat, embryo. In the ripening stage it desappeared completely in all part of the fruit except palisade tissue of cotyledon and pith of hypocotyle. (3) Oil appeared in all tissue of pod and seed-coat since 5∼10 days after flowering and in the all part of embryo about 10 days later. On the 48th day after flowering it disappeared in all parts of pod and seed-coat, but it increased gradually in embryo in the progress of ripening. (4) A considerable amount of protein was found in all tissue of fruit in the following order of pod, seed-coat, embryo. It increased by and by all parts of embryo. In the ripening stage it disappeared in all tissues of pod and seed-coat except the residual of endosperm.

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This experiment was carried out from May to October, 1949. At the 87 th meeting of the Crop Science Association, we reported the resume (Report 2)(no. 1) on the growth of root, which was a part of this experiment. This time we are going to report on the investigation about yields and growth. (1) In the pots filled up with water about 10 days beforehand of heading, in both direct sowing plots and transplanting plots, the growth of rice plant was retarded completely just like the one in the pots of upland field at the direct sowing plots. (2) The best time of the opening time of irrigation, in the direct sowing plots, is not clear as we found in old reports. In this experiment we could not find much difference on the growth of rice plant among three different irrigations, -the pots filled up with water on the first of July, the pots filled up from the beginning, and the pots on the 26 th of July. The rice plant obtained from the pots filled up with water on the 26 th of July, showed a little better than the others on their tops, leaf numbers, and tillers. This tendency might be attributable to the absorption of nutritive elements and their environments. (3) There were not a remarkable difference on the width and the length of the leaf among them, with the exception of the one from the pots of upland field. (4) Increasing rate of both tiller and top height was the greatest in ten days after filling up with water. (5) The most active time of tiller and the time when the top reach its highest, were delayed 2 or 3 days in case of the trans-planting plots compared with the one in the direct sowing plots. This delaying caused by transplanting is regarded as a physiological phenomenon and it seems to be out of any further discursion. (6) In comparing the direct sowing plots with the transplanting plots in the case of filling up water from the beginning, the weight of grains odtained from the former is superior 2.9% to the one from the latter, and more over when the former is filled up with water on the 1st of July it shows 2.6% more weight to the latter. On the other hand the weight of grains obtained from all other plots which we have not mentioned above are inferior to the one from transplanting plots filled up with water from the beginning. (7) As to the grain numbers of one head and head length, the direct sowing plots are inferior to the transplanting plots. And as to tiller the direct sowing plots are recorded to be superior to the transplanting plots. Thus it seems to us that they keep their balance on the whole in considering of their yields.

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(1) Some experiment reported when the seed of crops were stimulated by moderate electric current, in growth and yields of this crops was promoted or increased. In this experiment, were charged an electric current (short waves, 38 M. C) to seeds of Norin No. 1 and Norin No. 2. of soya-beans, and observed growth and yield, namely experiment is as follows : (A) The section of 1 minute charged with electric current. (B) The section of 5 minutes charged with electric current. (C) The section of 10 minutes charged with electric current. (D) The control section (none treatment) (2) The number of investigationed individuals is 10 pieces of soybeans in each sections. (3) The heads of investigation is the length of stem, number of branches, number of nodes, number of pods, length of roots and weight of 100 grains of soybeans. (4) On average of 10 pieces in each sections is (A) and (B) sections surpasses (C) and (D) sections in growth, yields and other heads both Norin No. 1 and Norin No. 2 of soybeans.

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Hitherto, the pH values of plants were used to be represented by the one of the pressed sap of them. In the present paper, it is discussed what does the pH values of the pressed sap show. We, thus, found that the pH values of the pressed sap, the tissue fluid and the cell sap (vacuole) from the same part of plant body were different. Accordingly, the pH values of the pressed sap do not usually signify the one of the cell sap. We, therefore, must directly inquire into the pH values of the cell, if we wish to obtain the pH value of the particular part of the plant body.

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This experiment was carried out for three years (1947, 1948 and 1949) to know the adequate spacing of rice plants under sowing. We set up two plots, direct sowing and transplanting, the former divided into the following three plots, i. e. with 60, 120 and 240 plants per "tsubo" respectively and the latter into two plots, i. e. with 60 and 120 plants per "tsubo" The results were summarized as follows: (1) The rate of growth of plants sown directly was higher than that of plants tsansplanted during the period of vegetative growth, but after the development of the infant ears, the transplanted plants showed rapid growth, and at the time of heading no difference of culm length was recognized between these two plots. (2) As the spacing of plants became narrower, number of culms per plant was decreased, but on the contrary number of culms per "tsubo" was increased. (In the same spacing, number of culms per plant sown directly was greater than that of transplanted.) (3) Both growth and yield of the plot having 1.5 "shaku" spacing of rows were better than that of the plots having 1.0 and 2.0 "shaku" spacing. (4) As regard to "tillering" it was observed that the plants sown directly branched out tillers from lower nodes in comparison to the case of the transplanted, and more over the case of direct sowing it was observed that the tillering loci became upper as the spacing became narrower. (5) The yield of unhulled rice of the plots of direct sowing was higher than that of transplanted irrespective of the kinds of spacing, and the narrower the space, the greater became the yield in both the direct sown and transplanted plots.

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1. Five glutinous upland rice line bred at the Odate Agricultural Improvement Experiment Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry were cultivated customarily and rice grains were raised at that station in 1949. Semi-transparent hulled rice grains were sorted from opaque hulled rice grains for each line and them they were sown twice separately in petri dishes containing the washed river fine sand in April 1950 and these petri dishes were layed in a thermostat. 2. Germinating capacity of opaque grains at 15°C was greater than that of semi-transparent grains except one line. But at 30°C such relation was opposite. Germinating capacity at 30°C was far greater than its capacity at 15°C. Moreover, the germinating capacity of opaque grains at 15°C increased with decreasing of the semi-transparent rice grains among total grains for each line except one line. But in other cases, any relation could not be seen between germinating capacity and the mixing percentage of semi-transparent grains in total grains. Germinating speed of opaque rice grains was greater than its speed of semi-transparent grains at 15°C and its speed of semi-transparent grains was greater than that of opaque grains at 30°C. In the next place, reverse relation existed between germinating speed of opaque grains at 15°C and the mixing percentage of semi-transparent grains in total grains except one line and at 30°C positive relation existed between its speed and the mixing percentage except one line. But any relation could not be found beween germinating speed of semi-transparent grains and its mixing percentage. Germinating speed at 30°C was greater than its speed at 15°C. 4. 'Keimgeschwindigkeit' of opaque grains of 3 lines at 15°C was smaller than that of semi-transparent grains, but it was greater than that of semi-transparent grains for 2 lines. At 30°C its 'Keimgeschwindigkeit' of 3 lines was greater than that of semi-transparent grains and for one line it was smaller than that of semi-transparent grains and also for one line any relation could not be seen between 'Keimgeschwindigkeit' and transparency. 'Keimgeschwindigkeit' of some lines varied with temperature and for other lines it did not vary. Any relation could not be seen between 'Keimgeschwindigkeit, and mixing percentage of semi-transparent grains in total grains.

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The ecological research on tops and analytical investigations on tillerings according to their orders were carried on in order to study the relation between heights of ridges and too much moisture in soil. Varieties used were Wheat NORIN No. 72, Barley SHIGA-HACHIKOKU No. 5, and SHIGA-KAIRYO-HADAKA. 1. The change of leaf colour from green to yellow or purple were noticed from the days of February. Changes of colour and their degree appeared differently on wheat and barley. These facts show that the addaptation of wheat for too much moisture is larger than that of barley. 2. Remarkable differences were recognized between each plot of 2.0, 1.5, 1.0 and 0.5 Shakn plots, both in change of leaf colour and growing stayes in every variety. 3. The percentage of tillerings without heads were high in low ridge plots especially in barley, and further the percentage of tillerngs with heads in 0.5 Shaku plots was about a half of that in 2.0 Shaku plots. 4. The influence on the number of grains per head and weights of heads was considerably remarkable in low ridge plots especially on heads of higher order tillerings. The number of grains per plant in 0.5 Shaku plots were about one third of that in 2.0 Shaku plots. 5. The comparison between 2.0 and.0.5 Shaku plots was as follows: Mean number of grains per head: On main stems, 15 to 25%, on III, 45 to 60%, and on II, 21, 41 to 43%, less in 0.5 Shaku plots than in 2.0 Shaku plots. Weight of 100 grains: On main stems, 15 to 25%, on III, about 30%, and on II, 21, 25 to 35%, less the same. Iength of head: On main stems, about 10%, on III, 25 to 35%, and on II, 21, 20 to 25%, less the same. 6. The economical culture of wheat and barley is consedered to be hard in lower than 1.0 Shakn ridge, when the whole growing period is in the wet field.

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(1) The time interval from anthesis to fertilization under field conditions were found to be different for varieties. Ingeneral the early varieties require long periods, but anthesis in late varieties was completed in less time. (2) After the first cell division of the proembryos, some varietal differences in the length and thickness may be ricognized, but little in the degree of development of the each organ. (3) In almost varieties the first cell division of the proembryos was completed about 24∼48 hours after self pollination or anthesis. (4) The first sign of differentiation of the rudiments of each organ in the proembryos occurs 7∼11 days after anthesis; the length of the embryo is then 0.30∼0.55 mm., and the thickness 0.13∼0.18 mm. Fair differences have been observed in each variety. (5) About 8∼12 days after anthesis the development of the coleoptile ie is seen. (6) The rudiment of the first foliage leaf may be seen 8∼12 days after anthesis, when the embryo is 0.44∼1.10 mm. long, and 0.15∼0.35 mm. thick. The differences between varieties are then very marked. (7) By the time the embryo has reached a length of about 1.13∼2.54 mm. 11∼20 days after anthesis, the rudiment of the second foliage leaf appears. (8) The rudiment of the third foliage leaf may be seen at 15∼25 days old after anthesis, when the embryo is 2.02∼2.96 mm. long, and 0.53∼0.98 mm. thick. (9) At the time of 25∼40 days old after anthesis the rudiment nf the fourth foliage leaf appears. (10) The origin of the first seminal root is seen about 7∼12 days after anthesis. (11) At about 12∼20 days old after anthisis, the scutellum develops as the scute form, and the epithelial layer of the scutellum forms its orginal shape about 17∼20 days after anthesis. (12) About 25∼28 days after anthesis, all organs of the embryo are completely differentiated; they grow perfectly 30∼35 days after anthesis. (13) On the full formed embryos or full ripened grains, varietal difference has been observed such as the length and thickness of embryo within the scope of variation as 2.66∼3.18 mm. in length, and 0.83∼1.12mm, in thickness. (14) Varietal differences of these organs differentiation ort growth may be observed within the scope of these variations in the length and thickness of the embryo or the number of days after anthesis. (15) On the full ripened grains, three or four foliage leaves are differentiated near the stem apex. But in almost varieties four leaves may be observed. (16) Varietal differences have been observed on the growth at the upper part of embryo -length from the cotyledonaly node or hypocotyl to the coleoptle apex, and the number of seminal root in radial longitudinal sections. And the seminal root is seen one, two or three. These are the most conspicuous difference on the full formed embryo.

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1. Number of days from sowing th flowering date of soybean plants showing varietal difference was shortened at a little over 4%∼27% under the comparatively warm night temperature and by the hotbed culture of seedlings compared with each control. In these experiments, the acceleration ratio of flowering under the comparatively warm temperature differs from that of hotbed culture of seedlings. 2. Flowering of 6 varieties was elongated and 2 shortened. But any influence could not be seen in other 2 varieties. While its period under the comparatively warm night was enlarged for all varieties at the different degree. 3. Flowering of soybeans under the short day was accelerated as compared with that of control and the acceleration ratio gradually increased with going to late varieties. Flowering of soybeans under the long day was retarded and the degree was increased generally with going to late varieties. Any flower did not bloom in Morse especially under the long day. Flowering period of Morse was enlarged by the short day, but its period of other varieties was shortened. 4. Flowering was far greatly accelerated by the short day treatment than the warm temperature treatment. The acceleration ratio by the warm temperature treatment has any relation to the late or early habit of varieties. While the response for light is thought to be strengthened with going to late varieties.

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1. Soybean seeds of 18 varieties in 1949 and 15 varieties in 1950 preserved at Odate Agricultural Improvement Experiment Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry were sown several times in the field at that station consisted of volcanic ash soil and the plants were cultivated customarily. 2. Number of days from sowing to flowering date decreased gradually with late sowing and by the warmer climate. But there is not any relation between the shortening ratio and the earliness or lateness of flowering were placed in the vigorous responsive varietal group upon temperature and the reverse varieties were included in the weak responsive varietal group upon temperature. Odate No. 1 and Yogetsu belong to the latter group. 3. Flowering period generally decreased gradually with late sowing. But the flowering period of Pinpu sown July was longer than the case of May. 4. Correlation coefficient between number of days from sowing to flowering date and flowering period is 0.391. Varieties of long flowering period have vigorous trailing habit.

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(1) Reasons why soybeans and Adzukibeans grow better in mountain districts than in the plain land, were studies in this paper. Seeds of noted varieties of soybeans (Tanba-guro) and Adzukibeans (Dainagon), produced in Tanba plateau, were grown in the summer season in both Tanba plateau and Settsu plain, in order to compare their growth, especially their maturity. (2) Soybeans and Adzukibeans grown in the mountain districts had the following characteristics compared with those grown in the plain, (a) no signs of excessive vegetative growth or vinings, (b) greater yields of seeds in relation to those of stems, leaves and pods, (c) more seeds per pod, (d) more uniform maturity, (e) fine lustred seed coats, (f) greater absorption power of water of seeds, (g) scarce insect damages. These facts, may suggest that beans grown in the mountain districts, as a rule, show well growth and better maturity and better boiling characters than those grown in the plain. (3) The reason which may explain the above facts, will be probably due to the easy transport of carbohydrates and shapes by lower temprature in the night and the range of air temperature between day and night. The limit of the lowest temperature in the night for their growths was found to be nearly 10°C.

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1. The upland cotton plants (Kanno-ichigo) were planted in the root-boxes and investigations were made concerning the growth process of root-system and the influences which were exerted upon the 2 nd period-growth by several managements and the relation between the growing process of root-system and that of main stalks. These managements are as follows:- (1) Over nitrogenous manure division (2) the defoliation division (3) the trimmed-root division (4) the ringing division (5) the division where growth-hormon (0.001%) was irrigated under the ground (6) the division where growth-hormon (0.002%) was sprayed over the plant. 2. Three growth period can be seen in the growth process of root-system of cotton plant:- the 1st growth period lasts until the beginning of flowering and is followed by the non-growth period (for 20 days), and then comes the 2 nd growth-period. 3. The growth of root-system in the 2 nd growth-period is much accelerated by the above-mentioned managements. 4. The growth process of main stalks and that of root are almost alike. But even in the non-growth-period of root system, main stalks continue to grow though in a small degree. 5: In the 1st growth-period, the prime in growth of root-system precedes a little that of main stalks, but in the 2 nd growth-period the relation is vice versa.

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The author found the difference in drought resistance of sugar-cane seedlings from every stem nodes, that is seedlings from upper nodes are most strong, next are from lower nodes and those of middle nodes are weak for drought. Experiments were carried out in order to ascertain what character of seedling is effective for drought resistance. The results are summarized as follows. (1) Colloid-content of seedlings is large in those from upper nodes, next from lower nodes and small in those from middle nodes, corresponding with the degree of drought resistance. (2) Osmotic pressure of seedling-sets (part of stem, planted) varies inversely to drought resistance of seedlings. Low value of osmotic pressure of set seems convenient for water absorption of seedling at dry. (3) Potassium-content of seedlings and sets (before planted) is also corresponding with the degree of drought resistance of seedlings, especially the latter closely related with root development. (4) Viscosiy and electrical conductivity of cell sap of seedings also have some relation to drought resistance.

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The author formerly reported on the drought resistance of sugar-cane seedlings and pointed out that potassium - content of seedlings and sets has some relation to drought resistance, especially the latter is closely related with root development. The present studies were carried out on the effects of manurial elements to drought resistance of seedling. The results are summarized as follows. (1) Nitrogen decreases drought resistance of seedling and potassium increases it. Effect of phosphorus on drought resistance seems not so distinct. (2) Decreasing of drought resistance by nitrogen is due to the exceeding growth of seedling to root development and to lowering colloid-content, electrical conductivity, viscosity of cell sap of seedling and to high osmotic pressure of seedling-set. (3) Increasing of drought resistance by potassium is due to remarkable effect upon the root development and to increasing colloid-content, osmotic pressure, electrical conductivity and viscosity of cell sap of seedling.

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(1) In order to ascertain wether the training of lateral branches spring from nipped stems would be effective in economizing the use of trellis-work, we set up three section: the one in which plants representing primary lateral branches only were trained, the another in which those from secondary lateral branches were grown and the third which was devoted to the raising of plants developed from tertiary lateral branches. We inquired into the difference between each of the above groups of hop-plants and plants of which the stems were let to grow without any nipping having been done. (2) We found that, by nipping the stem the speed of growth was accelerated and that there was no delay in the flowering time or in the time of cone-formation, in spite of the delay in starting the training of lateral branches. Moreover, there was unity in florescence and cone-formation. In the case of tertiary lateral braches, however, excessive delay in starting the training of the branches led to the abnormally early conversion from nutritive growth to progenitive growth, with the result that flowers came out before the branches had elongated sufficiently. (3) The "effective node percentage" was slightly higher in the case of traiped lateral braches, there being no remarkable difference on the whole. However, lateral branches that had sprung from those lower and middle parts of the stem comprised what may be properly called effective nodes had a greater percentage, in case the stem or the lateral branch was nipped, owing to the lowering of the position from which the lowest flowering lateral branch sprang as well as to the shortening of inter-nodal length in the lower part. (4) The output of cone was increased by training lateral branches, while the yield was heightened through the decrease in the number of flowers of inferior grade. (5) No degradation of cone quality or decrease in the size of cones was caused by the training of lateral branches.

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The present model experiments were carried out by the windtunnel experiment method in order to know the relation between the clearance ratio of the fence and the breaking effect, using a great number of lattice fences which have different amount of crevices. The wind velocity was measured with the Pitot tube putting it 5 cm apart from the board floor. The standard wind velocity V was 10 or 20 m/s. The curves of wind velocity ratio in the figures in this paper are shown v/V×100 (V: the standard wind velocity, v: local wind velocity). The results cbtained were as follows: 1. A lattice fence with a few crevices has a large vortex region where severe adverse wind is created on the leeward near the fence and the wind regains its strength quickly after passing the fence. On the contrary it has been known that a lattice fence with too many crevices are useless for weakening the wind force. Accordingly the ideal fence for breaking the wind strength is the one where the crevices occupy 40∼50% of the surface of the fence. 2. A little difference exists between the cylindrical lattice bolt and oblong lattice bolt concerning the clearance ratio. The former flows out air more easily than the latter. Therefore in order to get the perfect effect, the clearance ratio of the former should be lower than that of the latter. 3. The curve of wind velocity ratio in the leeward has nothing to do with the strength of the standard wind velocity.

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In this treatise, the author has described the relations between the flowering order and the node-positions, the flowering time and the not-positions, and the flowering period and the number of flowers. These were all observed in individual varieties of soy-beans in Chichibu. (1) The flowers blooming first are found on the following node-positions: on the stem-on the first three nodes from below that have not grown the branches. on the branch-on the first node or the first two nodes immediately below the half way point of the branch. (2) As to the flowering order on the stem and the branches, two flowering waves-the first flowering wave and the later flowering wave-are recognized. These two waves progress centrifugally from the node-positions of the first, with an interval of about seven days. But this phenomenon does not appear in the daily flowering distribution curves of individuals. (3) In regard to the daily distribution of flowering, the maximum number is common on the 5 th or the 6 th day of the flowering period. (5) In regard to the hourly distribution of flowering, the most flowers bloom between 7.00 AM. and 9.00 AM. And the daily flowering order also progresses centrifugally on the stems and the branches.

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1. The effect of shading for two weeks during the early stage of growth was examined. At the same time, the effect of pinching tried at the biginning of shading was observed. 2. Two varieties were used, the one was Akazaya-shirodaizu, formerly classified by the author as an autumn type, and the other Kosa-mame, generally recognized as a resistant variety to shading. 3. When the shading was finished, the following facts were observed; a) By shading, the stem was exceedingly elongated and the branching was more restrained. b) By pinching the shaded plants, these unfavorable effects of shading were lessened to some extent. 4. The difference in the ecological characteristics of the tested varieties was observed in the matured plants in the following way; a) In variety Akazaya-shirodaizu, the shading elongated the stem, restrained the branching of plants and decreased the yield of seeds. But by adding of pinching these unfavorable effects were checked and the yield of seeds was remarkably increased. b) In variety Kosa-mame, the effect of shading appeared in the slight decrease of seed yield and the added pinching scarcely gave any influence upon the yield of seeds. (The Contribution in The Institute of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, The Kyoto University)

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