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Volume 59 (1990)
- Issue 4 Pages 641-
- Issue 3 Pages 413-
- Issue 2 Pages 219-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 59, Issue 3
Displaying 1-29 of 29 articles from this issue
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Shuji IIDA, Yoshio SHINMURA, Akira UEMORI, Kozo KUZUNA1990 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 413-418
Published: September 05, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe experiment was carried out to clarify the influence of irrigation management at the middle growing stage on the rice plant growth and yield in a well drained toamy paddy field. Three experimental plots were prepared with optimum fertilizer applications. Plot 1; three-time drainage treatments were carried out during the period from the later tillering stage to the early meiosis stage. Plot 2; two-time drainage treatments were done during the period from the neck node differential stage to the early meiosis stage. Plot 3; one-time drainage treatment was done for the early meiosis stage. As the results, the soil redox potential in plot 1 was kept at a high level of 300 mV, and the water permeability also increased to two fold volume, 48-60 mm/day, compared with the base of plot 3. The viabilities of rachis branches and healthy state of roots in plot 1 clearly increased or advanced to a desirable extent. As to the influence on the rice yield and qualities, high field of hullled rice was always obtained in plot 1.0. Ocurrence rates of rice kernels in the stand period were slightly depressed by the sufficient drainage in plot 1.View full abstractDownload PDF (648K) -
Masao OHNISHI, Takeshi HORIE1990 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 419-425
Published: September 05, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith the objectives to develop a simultaneous production system of rice for soiling herbage and for grain from the regrowrth, wre investigated effects of cropping season and soiling time and height on herbage and grain yields and their feeding value. As the soiling time delayed, the herbage yield linearly increased but the grain yield from the regrowth linearly decreased. Later soiling brought a remarkable reduction of crude protein and also a slight reduction of crude fat concentration of the herbage. These concentrations of rice herbage soiled until 30 dayrs before heading were higher than those of average over 6 temperate grasses. The total yields of crude protein and fat summed over the herbage, grain and straw of the regrowth reached a maximum at the soiling of 30 to 40 days before heading and were higher than those of unsoiled rice by 6-28%. The 5cm soiling reduced the grain and straw yields of the regrowth and also crude protein, fat and organic matter concentrations of the herbage, especially at the late transplanting. In conclusion, earlier transplanting and soiling at 30-40 days before heading at the height of 10cm are considered to be an optimum for the total yield of herbage, grain and straw and also for the feeding value of herbage. Under a traditional fertilizer application and planting density, this production system enables us to produce about 1.5 t/ha of herbage and 70-90% of grain yield of unsoiled rice.View full abstractDownload PDF (771K) -
Hiroshi EHARA, Mikio TSUCHIYA, Tatsuo OGO1990 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 426-434
Published: September 05, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVarietal differences in growth rate and its related characteristics at seedling stage were examined with 35 rice varieties of difference ecotypes and growth types, which were grown until the 8.5-leaf stage under seven levels of nutrient concentrations of Kimura B culture solution. Distinctive varietal differences were found particularly in dry matter increase (ΔW), relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR). Certain varieties had higher ΔW at every nutrient level. And the correlations between ΔW and RGR, RGR and NAR, and NAR and nitrogen content per leaf area (NCLA) were highly positive, while highly significant negative ones were found between NAR and SLA, and NCLA and SLA at every nutrient level. However, NAR did not correlate with nitrogen content per leaf dry weight (NCLW). Based on these results, NCLA was specified as a very important factor relating to varietal differences of growth rate. Consequently, it is concluded that the high ability to increase NCLA is one of the most important characteristics for high growth rate at lower nutrient level, and also at higher level where SLA is apt to increase. However, neither ecotype nor growth type corresponded with this characteristic.View full abstractDownload PDF (936K) -
Mikio TSUCHIYA, Hiroshi EHARA, Tatsuo OGO1990 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 435-442
Published: September 05, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFundamental growth response patterns to fertilizer and low- and high-fertilizer-prone characteristics in rice plants were examined with 35 rice varieties of different ecotypes and growth types, which were grown until the 8.5-leaf stage under seven levels ot nutrient concentrations of Kimura B culture solution. Though varietal differences in response of RGR to fertilizer did not appear clearly before the 6.5-leaf stage, four types of responses were found at the following growth stage. They were based on the changes in the specific leaf area (SLA) and nitrogen content per leaf area (NCLA), which showed four typical patterns to nutrient level. On the other hand, three patterns to nutrient level were found in nitrogen content per leaf dry weight (NCLW). These results show that both high NCLW and NCLA under low nutrient level, found in a few indica rice, are important characteristics for low-fertilizer-prone varieties, while higher stable RGR with small increases of SLA under high nutrient level, found in most of japonica rice, is for high-fertilizer-prone ones.View full abstractDownload PDF (872K) -
Eiji ISHIBASHI, Takashi KIRIYAMA, Yoshifumi TAMURA, Takamitsu KONNO, S ...1990 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 443-449
Published: September 05, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe temperature response in two growth phases of rice, namely, the transplanting time to the panicle formation stage and the panicle formation stage to the heading time was estimated according to the concept of the Developmental Index, using the Nonparamctric DVR method. Also, the prediction of the panicle formation stage and the heading time was attempted. The accuracy of prediction by the Nonparametric DVR method was compared with the Accumulative temperature method. Also the relationship between developmental rate and air temperature (DVR-T curve) obtained in Okayama Prefecture was compared with that in Ishikawa Prefecture. 1) The DVR-T curve showed characteristic shapes in each growth phase. In the period between the transplanting and the panicle formation stage, the DVR-T curve was bent; whereas it was on a straight line thereafter. 2) The differences in the days between the observed and estimated panicle formation stage or heading time were less than 2-3 days, when the Nonparametric DVR method was used in combination with the Cross validaion method. 3) When the DVR-T curve was on a straight line, the accuracy of the prediction did not differ from that obtained by the Accumulative temperature method. When the DVR-T curve was bent, the prediction by the Nonparametric DVR method was more accurate. 4) The DVR-T curves obtained in both prefectures gradually declined in increment as the temperature became higher than 2°C until the panicle formation stage, and thereafter the developmental rate became higher with the increment of air temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (736K) -
Koichi YOSHIDA, Hisayasu SATO1990 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 450-454
Published: September 05, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeed size and its uniformity of adzuki beans are important indices for estimation of seed quality, in Japan. To obtain information for improving seed quality, mean seed size, seed size variation (expressed as a coefficient of variation on 300 seeds per sample) and some agronomic traits were investigated for 240 samples in 1987 and 203 samples in 1988 on 'Erimo-shozu', a present leading variety, which were collected from the growers at several districts in Hokkaido. A wide range of mean seed size was observed across the districts, with the largest (approx. 150 mg) at Tokachi to 75% of that at Ishikari and Sorachi. Mean seed size were associated with the duration of reproductive period and seemed to be partly due to differences between a usual upland field and converted one from paddy. Mean seed size varied widely also from grower to grower within the same district (e.g. with the range of 109 to 187 mg at Tokachi in 1988). Nitrogen fertilizer level was positively, but not closely, correlated with mean seed size (r=0.300**). Seed size variation (C.V.) was not markedly influenced by years and by districrs, though ranging 14 to 37% among growers. A significant negative relationship was found between mean seed size and C.V. Results suggest that it should be recommended to introduce or develop a variety more adaptive to the respective districts and to reinvestigate some agronomic practices at least for seed size.View full abstractDownload PDF (633K) -
Makoto KITOU, Shigekata YOSHIDA1990 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 455-460
Published: September 05, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSoil pot culture of alfalfa, deep-rooted leguminous plant, was firstly carried out to clarify the effect of ground water levels on the growth, nodule formation and nitrogen fixation. Then the inhibitory effect of soil moisture excess on the symbiotic nitrogen fixation was investigated with special attention to the oxygen concentration in soil atmosphere. 1) Growth of alfalfa at first cutting, aerial parts and underground parts, was restrained when the ground water level in soil pot rose higher than 10 cm. Nodule formation, nitrogen fixation and plant nitrogen concentration in aerial parts also decreased with the ascending of ground water level over 20 cm. 2) The nitrogen fixing activity of the second cutting alfalfa plants regrown after first cutting was markedly inhibited by the ascending of ground water level (10 cm). Namely, in the short period of the ascending of ground water level (1 day), the nitrogen fixing activity was not appreciably affected, while it almost diminished in the long period of the treatment (3-5 days). 3) The low oxygen concentration in culture solution resulted in the decrease of nodule formation, nitrogen fixing activity and specific nitrogen fixing activity of alfalfa grown in solution culture. Moreover, the specific nitrogen fixing activity of detached alfalfa nodules was also recognized to lower with the decrease of ambient O2 concentration.View full abstractDownload PDF (749K) -
Hiroyoshi CHUJO, Yukio HANYU1990 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 461-468
Published: September 05, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGrowth characteristics of teasel, especially habits of branching and flowering, were investigated using a Japanese strain. The optimum germination temperature was 24-28°C. There was a little difference in growth and flowering among the plants sown at the ends of March, April, May and June. The ratio of bolting and flowering, which was 100% in plants sown until the end of June, decreased markedly in plants sown at the ends ot July and August and 0% in plants sown at the ends of September and November. Two primary branches grew oppositely on the respective upper 4 to 7 nodes of main stem. The secondary branches grew oppositely on the nodes of the primary branches, the third on the secondary and the fourth on the third. On the tips of these branches set one capitulum. Some of the secondary, third and fourth branches did not grow or did not set capitulum. One plant set 60 to 100 capitula. The capitulum of the main stem flowered first. The higher was the order of the branch, the later the capitulum flowered. The latest capitulum flowered 40 days later than that of the main stem. In the main stem, flower bud differentiation occurred early in February and flowering began early in June. When the main stem and branches except the upper 8 primary branches were excised, the capitula set on the remained 8 branches became similar in flowering date and in size.View full abstractDownload PDF (861K) -
Koji ITO, Yasuyuki ISHII, Mamoru MISUMI, Hiroaki IWAKIRI1990 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 469-474
Published: September 05, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSElongation and dry matter yield of shoots of napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum., cv. Merkeron), in the vegetative stage of growth, were compared between the plants sprayed with distilled water and those sprayed with a growth retardant. The retardant used was 0.538% (w/w) solution of paclobutrazol, and the treatment was done when the plant height was about 1 m. The lengths of lamina and sheath of several unfolded leaves and of about ten internodes above thc phytomer of the uppermost unfolded leaf at the time of the treatment, were shorter, and their leaf widths were larger in the treated plants than in the control. The increase of shoot numbers was enhanced by the treatment. The ratio of dry matter yield of the treated to that of the control was 1.262 for lamina, 0.712 for stem with leaf sheath, 1.274 for dead parts and 0.940 for whole shoots when the whole shoots yield of the control was in the range from 10 to 20 t ha-1. Thus, the suppression of shoot elongation brought about such a disadvantage in the process of roughage production as the reduction ot whole shoots yield. This disadvantage, however, was partially compensated by the improvement of forage quality in terms of leaf/stem ratio of yield.View full abstractDownload PDF (754K) -
Il-Doo JlN, Jun INOUYE, Nyat Quat NG1990 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 475-480
Published: September 05, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing 30 floating and 12 ordinary rice varieties of African rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud.), breaking tensile and breaking bending strengths required to detach a rice grain from its pedicel were measured using an unbonded gauge type transducer, and abscission layers between rachilla and pedicel were investigated anatomically. Both breaking tensile and breaking bending strengths of floating rice were smaller than those of non-floating rice. In each of floating and non-floating rice, strongly positive correlations were observed between both the breaking strengths, whereas linear regression differed between the two rices. In most varieties of both floating and non-floating rices, abscission layers were formed and were found to be cracked at maturity, similar to that observed in Asian rice (O. sativa L.) varieties. In the rest of the varieties, incompletely developed abscission layers, which have not been observed in the Asian rice were observed. However, no varieties without an abscission layer were observed in this study. In the varieties with an incompletely developed abscission layer, both the breaking strengths, diameter of supporting zone and thickness of sclerenchyma around the central vascular bundle at the supporting zone were larger than those of the varieties having a normally developed abscission layer. The results suggested that the easily shedding habit of the floating varieties of African rice might be due to normally developed abscission layers, which were small in both diameter of supporting zone and the thickness of sclerenchyma tissue around the central vascular tissue at the supporting zone.View full abstractDownload PDF (761K) -
Yukindo TSUNO, Takeshi YAMAGUCHI, Tetsuya USHIMI1990 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 481-493
Published: September 05, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRice plants grown in pots were given a few treatments in order to restrain its ripening. Morphological characteristics and physiological factors relating to grain weight were investigated. Throughout all treatments, the dry 1000 grain weight at matured time had a highly positive correlation with the raw 1000 grain weight at around 17 days after full heading date. It seems that the matured grain weight was strongly regulated by the volume of young grain at the milky stage. Increasing rate of grain weight during the milky stage was depressed by night temperatures of 5°C lower and 8°C higher than in the outdoor. However, photosynthetic activity and carbohydrate accumulation in the stem and sheath were not so much influenced by both temperatures at night. Two treatments, the temperature 5°C higher than outdoor given to the ear and the solutions of 1000 ppm Asparagine and 20 ppm KNO3 respectively supplied through a part of the peduncle, were applied throughout the ripening period. The grain weight was significantly reduced in both treatments compared with that of controls. There was found a negative correlation between the ammonium concentration of the matured brown rice and its weight. The brown rice of low sugar concentration showed a lower ammonium concentration and a higher increasing rate of grain weight. These results suggest that starch synthesis in the rice grain is inhibited by high ammonium concentration which is increases due to accumulation of total amino acids evolved by disorder of protein metabolism.View full abstractDownload PDF (1430K) -
Naomichi TANAKA, Kin-ichi NISHIKAWA, Kenji AKITA1990 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 494-497
Published: September 05, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDiurnal changes of α-amylase activity and starch content were examined in the seedlings of three-types of rice (Oryza sativa L.), i.e., Indica type (cv. IR24), Japonica x Indica type (cv. Suweon 258) and Japonica type (cv. Nipponbare). The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. In all varieties the α-amylase activity was lower during the daytime (6 a.m. to 6 p.m.) than durng the nighttime (6 p.m. to 6 a.m.). The activity was highest between 4 a.m. and 6 a.m., and rapidly decreased between 7 a.m. and 9 a.m.. 2. The average activity of α-amylase in a day was highest in IR24, a little lower in Suweon 258, and lowest in Nipponbare, which was about 30% of that in IR24. 3. The diurnal changes of starch content showed a tendency converse to those of α-amylase activity: viz, starch content was lower during the nighttime than during the daytime in all varieties. 4. The average of starch content in a day was highest in Suweon258, a little lower in IR24 and lowest in Nipponbare.View full abstractDownload PDF (475K) -
Hiroshi HASEGAWA1990 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 498-502
Published: September 05, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUptake of low concentrations of nitrate by rice seedlings was studied from two points of view: changes in the uptake during the seedling growth and the influence of temperature. At all stages, seedlings took up nitrate at a constant rate for 6h after the roots being immersed in the solution of 250μM potassium nitrate plus 500μM calcium sulfate. Nitrate uptake by 20 day old seedlings was obviously lower than that of 10-and 14-day-old seedlings, suggesting that the uptake depended on the growth rate of the seedlings. Nitrate uptake was greatly influenced by temperature. At 28°C, there was almost no difference in nitrate uptake by 14-day-old seedlings for the 10 varieties used in this experiment. Nitrate uptake was depressed by low temperatures, but the extent differed for each variety. The uptake ratios (16°C/28°C) for Indica paddy varieties and a Japonica upland variety were less than 0.50, while those for other Japonica paddy varieties were more than 0.50. In particular, Akage showed the highest ratio of 0.75. Compared with nitrate uptake, potassium uptake was less influenced by temperature. Potassium uptake in Indica varieties was higher than that in Japonica varieties.View full abstractDownload PDF (609K) -
Hiromi KANO, Nobuaki ISHIDA, Toshio KOBAYASHI, Mika KOIZUMI1990 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 503-509
Published: September 05, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFree water content of barley seeds, as detected by a NMR, paralleled respiratory activity. Therefore, the amount and the mobility of free water were considered to be usable as indices of biological activity condition in seeds. The changes of the distribution map and the relaxation time of free water in barley and soybean seeds during maturation were traced by 1H-NMR imaging (MRI). The disappearance of free water signal which is considered to indicate the decline of biological activities and the accumulation of stored materials such as polysaccharides and proteins, proceeded ununiformly in the endosperm of barley seed. Vascular bundles, each containing a water filled cavity, became thick at 14th day after heading, early stage of accumulation of stored materials, and it became thin following ripening, and no free water was detected in the vascular bundle at 39th day after heading. On the other hand, free water was detected uniformly in the developing seeds but not in those after the stage of maximum seed size and the dry seeds of soybean. The spin-lattice relaxation time (T) of free water in seed shortened while that in pod lengthened with the progress of ripening of soybean. Free water in rachises and awns was observed in barley after the late maturation stage and that in pod was also observed in soybean at the stage of maximum seed size. The proton signal due to triglyrceride fatty acids stored in spherosomes was detectable in the dry soybean seed.View full abstractDownload PDF (856K) -
Yoshio INOUE, Bruce A. KIMBALL, Jack R. MAUNEY, Ray D. JACKSON, Paul J ...1990 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 510-517
Published: September 05, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relationship between photosynthetic (Pn) and transpiration (Tr) rates was investigated for field grown cotton plants under elevated atmospheric CO2 conditions which were provided by computer-controlled open-top chamber systems during the entire growing season. Linear regressions were obtained between Pn and the ratio of Tr to vapor presure deficit (VPD1) both in 350μmol mol-1 and 650μmol mol-1 CO2 treatments. The slope in 650μmol mol-1 CO2 was 62% greater than that in 350μmol mol-1 CO2, which suggested higher water use efficiency under higher CO2 conditions. An analysis on this linearity revealed that the ambient and substomatal CO2 differential remains fairly constant under a given ambient CO2 condition. Intercellular CO2 concentrations were closely correlated with those outside the stomata and the ratio of the two concentrations was conservative with varying ambient CO2. The ambient and sub stomatal CO2 differentials at 350 and 650μmol mol-1 were estimated as around 60 and 95μmol mol-1, respectively. Stomatal resistances increased by 38% with near doubling CO2, i.e., CO2 enrichment was accompanied by a negative feedback effect on stomatal opening. The substantial increase of Pn in cotton plants with the near-doubling of atmospheric CO2 was estimated as 17%. The close linear relationship between Pn and Tr/VPD1 was found under the high atmospheric CO2, which would be useful for remote sensing of physiological activity of crop plants.View full abstractDownload PDF (896K) -
Muhammad SALIM, Kazuo ANDO, Haruo UCHIDA, Koji TANAKA1990 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 518-527
Published: September 05, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSResearch on rice-based cropping systems was carried out in two villages situated in the low-lying areas of Bangladesh; Jawar located on the fringe of a haor in Kishoreganj District and Taker Bhitee facing a bil in Mymensingh District. Using the local land classification system, the entire village areas were classified into more detailed land units in order to analyze the relationship between toposequences and the distribution of cropping patterns. A plotwise observation of field crops grown in the boro, aus and aman seasons was conducted and seasonal variations in the water regime were observed from 1986 to 1988. Fourteen major cropping patterns, of which 10 are rice-based, were found to exist in both villages almost identically. The performance of the existing cropping patterns was almost the same in the two villages and their distribution was found to be closely related to toposequences, and subsequently to water regime. Aus- and aman rice-based cropping patterns were distributed in the kandhilla jami (high lands), while the single crop of boro rice was the predominant pattern over shail jami/boro-jami (low lands) in Jawar. Boro-rice-based cropping patterns have tended to expand since the introduction of modern irrigation devices. A similar pattern of distribution was observed in Taker Bhitee. Overall, the research showed that the performance of cropping patterns was a result of villagers' adaptation to the given environment in the low-lying areas.View full abstractDownload PDF (1041K) -
Yoji TAKEOKA, Masaaki ITO, Saburo YAMAMURA, Hitoshi SAKA1990 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 528-534
Published: September 05, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMorphogenetic alterations of rice spikelets grown under the influence of applied chemical hybridizing agent HGR-626 was studied using SEM and stereo microscope. Either a 10 ppm or 50 ppm solution of HGR 626 was sprayed at the spikelet primordium differentiation stage (Stage I), and in the middle of the meiosis stage (Stage II), respectively. Spikelets treated at Stage I showed such changes as: (1) spikelet and its component organs became smaller than control, (2) anthers of which bended toward axis, (3) no pollen mother cell differentiated in them, or (4) microspores with anther tissues ceased to develop, and, (5) exine of microspores developed irregularly to interconnect each other. Almost no content accumulated in them. On the contrary, 56.4% of pistils investigated in this study proliferated their ovaries and/or stigmata. Change of sex initiation namely pistil hyperplasia and stamen hypoplasia in rice spikelet as shown in this study indicated a similar tendency with the pistil hyperplasia and stamen hypoplasia induced by stressful environments studied previously. Skikelets treated at stage II showed no morphogenetic change as spikelets treated at stage I. This difference was considered to have occurred from the difference in developmental stage of apical meristem in spikelet primordia when the chemical was applied.View full abstractDownload PDF (827K) -
Hajime SATO1990 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 535-539
Published: September 05, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSResponses of the leaflet movements in kidney bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were examined to the change of artificial light intensity and air temperature. Using lateral leaflets of first trifoliolates in potted plants of two cultivars, 'Hime-tebo (Vertical type)' and 'Taisho-kintoki (Twisting type)', the change in the vertical and twisting angles of their leaflets were measured under respective four levels of the light and the temperature. Leaflet light angles (the angles between the leaflet normal at 60 min after light turned on and the incoming light) were less at any levels of the light intensity for Hime-tebo than Taisho-kintoki (Fig. 1). This difference resulted from a greater response of the vertical angle for the leaflet of Hime-tebo and the twisting angle for that of Taisho-kintoki (Fig. 2). Movements of the lateral leaflet in kidney bean plants seemed to functionally differentiate into the tracking and avoiding responses to the radiation with the vertical and twisting changes, respectively. Because a similarity of such a phenomenon was also recognized in the result due to change of the air temperature (Fig. 3 and 4), the increase of the twisting response appeared to be caused by change of the leaf temperature dependent on an intense light or a high air temperature. While the vertical response of Hime-tebo greatly responded even to a low light (Fig. 2), its leaflet movements were little influenced by the changes of radiations and air temperatures. But leaflet movements of Taisho-kintoki became larger particularly in the twisting response due to the increases of light intensity and air temperature. Accordingly, there would be differences in sensitivity to the light and in activity to the leaf temperature in leaflet movements between the kidney bean cultivars.View full abstractDownload PDF (611K) -
Genshichi WADA, Pompe C. STA.CRUZ1990 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 540-547
Published: September 05, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNitrogen absorption at early growth stage (NAE), determined as the amount of N in the plant at 30 days after transplanting, was studied in relation to yield components and some N-use efficiency parameters in 62 IR varieties and advanced lines of different growth durations (GD). Potential sink size was correlated with NAE in all GD groups in the dry season (DS) and wet season (WS). Sink degeneration was affected by NAE in medium- and long-duration groups. Sink size was correlated with NAE in the varietics with GD of 102-127 days in DS and 104-122 in WS. Grain yield and NAE were correlated in varieties with GD of less than 116 and 122 days in DS and WS respectively. No significant relationship between ripening and NAE was noted. Sink degeneration and unripened grains disturbed the relationship between yield and NAE. Likewise, sink degeneration and unripened grains disturbed the sink size-NAE and yield-NAE relationships in medium- and long-duration groups. NAE was correlated with the contribution of N in the plant to sink and potential sink size in short- and short to medium-duration varieties. Therefore, high NAE is an important characteristic of short-and short to medium-duration varieties. High basal N and narrow spacing increased NAE and the contribution of N in plant to yield determing factors in short duration varieties. Hence, low N absorption ability at early growth stage could be compensated by higher basal N and narrow spacing in short duration varieties.View full abstractDownload PDF (730K) -
Shigemi AKITA, Librada BLANCO, Katsuyuki KATAYAMA1990 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 548-556
Published: September 05, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo determine the possible cause of higher seedling vigor in F1 rice (Oryza sativa L.) hybrids, embryo weight, endosperm weight, leaf area, and seedling growth performance of 16 F1 indica crosses and their parental lines were evaluated. The embryos of 16 F1 rice hybrids showed midparent heterosis and those of 11 F1 rice hybrids showed better parent heterosis (heterobeltiosis). Lower heterosis in the F2 embryos was also observed. Midparent heterosis in endosperm weight did not always appear. Seedling growth of F1 rice hybrids grown in standard nutrient solution for 16 days showed midparent heterosis and relative growth rate in each four-day interval had little heterosis. Heterosis in embryo weight and leaf area were closely related with that in seedling weight. Higher leaf area expansion related with bigger embryo was considered the primary factor for heterosis in seedling growth of indica-indica F1 rice hybrids.View full abstractDownload PDF (754K) -
Ebiamadon Andi BRISIBE, Takeshi TANIGUCHI, Eizo MAEDA1990 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 557-565
Published: September 05, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMature seeds of five cultivars of Asian rice (Oryza sativa L.), a variety of African rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud.) and two varieties of wild rice (Oryza perennis Moench and Oryza latifolia Desv.), cultured on 2, 4-D containing nutrient media showed rapid proliferation of the scutellum and high efficiency in morphogenic callus formation. Varying concentrations of sucrose were found to have different effects on callus growth and plant regeneration. High sucrose concentrations in the callus induction medium promoted callus formation and subsequent organogenesis. Callus produced by the cultivars and varieties of wild rice germinated in vitro and produced plantlets. Morphological evidence is provided to indicate that plant regeneration occurred through organogenesis. Aspects of interspecific relations are also discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1025K) -
Takashi OHTSUKA, Masanori HIKAWA, Hitoshi SAKA1990 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 566-571
Published: September 05, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIsoprothiolane (diisopropyl-1, 3-dithiolan-2-ylidenmalonate, IPT; FUJIONE(R)) promoted adventitious root formation of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) hypocotyl more than IAA under by the 24h treatment just after the segment preparation. IPT also enhanced rooting in azuki bean (Phaseolus angularis L) epicotyl segments, in which the number of dividing cell in the root primordia increased. Actinomycin D and cycloheximide were examined for their effects on root formation in the presence or absence of pre-treatment with IPT. Cycloheximide at 10-4M completely inhibited rooting of segments when applied for 2h; however, pre-treatment with 5×10-4M IPT alleviated its inhibitory effect. Actinomycin D, on the other hand, did not inhibit rooting at the concentration from 10-8M to 10-5M. There was no interaction between IPT and actinomycin D on rooting. These results may indicate that IPT enhances adventitious root formation in association with the specific protein synthesis for the initiation of root primordia.View full abstractDownload PDF (669K) -
Jun ABE, Keisuke NEMOTO, Dong Xu HU, Shigenori MORlTA1990 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 572-575
Published: September 05, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSometimes there is a need to examine the spatial distribution of roots in studies of rice plants. For analysis of growth direction of primary roots (GDPR), a statistical method requiring an assumption of a given distribution is not available, because the distribution pattern of GDPR is not always known. A nonparametric method will be useful for analysis of such an unknown distribution. We tested the difference in distribution of GDPR with Kolmogorov-Smirnov two sample test method among three samples of rice cultivars, Nankin 11 (A), Dobashi 1 (B) and Mubo-aikoku (C). The relative cumulative frequency distribution of GDPR (Sn(x)) was calculated for each sample. When the maximum absolute difference of Sn(x) was larger than the critical value (Dα) between two samples, we concluded that the two samples have significantly different distributions of GDPR at the level of α. The result of the test indicated a difference in distribution of only A from that of B or C, though it seemed in histogram that B had a distribution pattern of GDPR intermediate beetween those of A and C. That suggests the effectiveness of nonparametric methods for precise analysis of GDPR.View full abstractDownload PDF (420K) -
Koou YAMAZAKI, Tadashi BABA1990 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 576-577
Published: September 05, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Kiyosada HIROI, Takao NISHIMURA, Kazumi HATTORI, Yoji TAKEOKA1990 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 578-579
Published: September 05, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Shigenori MORITA, Harold P. COLLINS1990 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 580-581
Published: September 05, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (314K) -
[in Japanese]1990 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 582-589
Published: September 05, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (951K) -
[in Japanese]1990 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 590-591
Published: September 05, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (346K) -
[in Japanese]1990 Volume 59 Issue 3 Pages 595-599
Published: September 05, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (688K)
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