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Volume 32 (1963 - 196･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 265-
- Issue 3 Pages 213-
- Issue 2 Pages 97-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 32, Issue 3
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Keiji NISHIIRI, Soroku KUDO, Munemitsu KINEBUCHI1964 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 213-216
Published: March 15, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to make clear the effect of stable manure and three nutrient elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) on the growth of soybean plant (Norin No. 4), the growing process was examined for three years rotation system of soybean-potatoes-corn in the virgin volcanic ash soil. The results obtained are as follows: 1) In general, the higher yields were obtained in 2nd and 3rd year than 1st year. 2) Nitrogen deficient plot : 1st year, the nitrogen content of each organ was almost similar to NPK plots in the later stage, but a little lower in the early stage. And also there was not so difference in plant characters and yields. In 2nd and 3rd year, the growth type was almost same as in NPK plots. Phosphorus deficient plot : Throughout three years, the plants had especially higher nitrogen content and lower phosphorus in each organ than the plants in NPK plots. The growth was almost same as the plants in the non-fertilized plots, and each of the plant character has changed to the worse remarkably. Potassium deficient plot : In 1st year, the potassium content in each organ was rather lower and the nitrogen content rather higher compared with NPK plots, but growth and yields were fairly same as in the NPK plots. In 2nd year, the depression of potassium content in each organ was remarkable but that of the yields is smaller. In 3rd year, the response to potassium deficiency was observed remarkably on the plants and the potassium content became furthermore reduced. Some yellowish-white leaves were observed and yields were decreased. 3) The effects of the stable manure were remarkable on the plant growth since 1st year, which resulted in the increase of the phosphorus and potassium contents in the plants, and the yields became higher. In 2nd and 3rd year such tendencies appeared more remarkable, especially the growth became too vigorous and branches were broken in 3rd year. 4) After all, possitive correlations between the yields (20-350 kg/10a) and the leaf length of main stem, maximum LAI, the phosphorus content in leaves, dry matter weight per area and node numbers per area were observed. On the other hand, N/P ratio in leaves had negative correlation with the yields. The leading element influencing these characters is phosphorus from 1st year, and with the lapse of time, the potassium is to be added as an important element in these volcanic ash soil.View full abstractDownload PDF (729K) -
Tsuyoshi SHIMIZU, Masuo SHIMADA, Yoshizumi UENO1964 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 217-220
Published: March 15, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe study was carried out to make clear the process of grain production of rice plant in Chugoku district using the data of the experiments performed at several experiment stations in Chugoku district year by year from 1948 to 1959 under the same cultural condition. The results obtained are summarized as follows : It was concluded that in usual rice culture in Chugoku district, (1) the yield is associated with the number of spikelets per unit area, (2) the number of spikelets per unit area depends mainly on the number of panicles, (3) the number of panicles is closely related to the number of tillers produced, and (4) the number of tillers varies with air temperature and light intensity at the middle of July. Therefore, the number of spikelets per unit area was thought to be an important index in the yield-forecast of rice plant in Chugoku district.View full abstractDownload PDF (700K) -
Tsuyoshi SHIMIZU, Masuo SHIMADA, Yoshizumi UENO1964 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 221-224
Published: March 15, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSProcess of grain production of rice plant in Chugoku district was analized using the same data as shown in the preceding report. The results obtained were as follows: Close relation was observed between the ripening of grains (the yield per 1, 000 spikelet) and the number of spikelets per unit area, but it differed by locality, namely, the relation was negative in Okayama but positive in Tottori, and in Hiroshima the relation was positive when the number of spikelets per tsubo was less than 75 thousand and negative when much more than it, and in other localities clear relation was not seen. The yield per 1000 spikelet had close relation with the 1, 000 grain weight, and the 1, 000 grain weight had been influenced by air temperature in ripening stage, and these relations were marked in late varieties and also at San-in district. In general, sequential correlations were found to exist among the following factors which contribute toward the yield of rice grown in Chugoku district: grain yield ∝ number of spikelets ∝ number of panicles ∝ number of tillers ∝ number of secondary tillers.View full abstractDownload PDF (607K) -
Shugo CHAMURA, Katsuo YOSHIOKA, Shozo SAITO1964 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 225-228
Published: March 15, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS5 crop species were grown to know the most suitable pH value of soils for those plants modified by adding lime or nitro-lime to high-acidic volcanic ash soils of high cation exchange capacity and low base saturation. Results obtained are summarized as follows: (1) Germination and the following early growth were arrested comparatively little by soil scidity. Tolerant plants in their earlier stages of development seemed to be strongly influenced by N concentration and also quite susceptible to excessive Ca applied. (2) As the plants grew, the highest growth was seen in the plots of high pH values owing primarily to Al toxicity; this seems to be due to gradual acidification of soils by raising the intolerant plants to soil acidtiy and also possibly to the decreased susceptibility of the plants themselves to excessive Ca. (3) The highest yield of maize was gained at pH 5, and others at pH 6.4, however, as for sugar beet, yield could not be increased on soils of higher pH any more. These results show that the pH value giving the most promising yield on this soil seems to be those which are least susceptible to excessive Ca and also give least Al toxicity.View full abstractDownload PDF (659K) -
Yukio YANAGISAWA1964 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 229-232
Published: March 15, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFlax plants (var. Saginow No. 1) were grown in pots under different conditions as follows : control (soil moisture content 20.6 % per dry soil), moistened (grown in moistened soil, 34.8 %), dried (grown in dry soil, 10.7 %), and shaded (grown under shading, 22.4 %). The stem length of the plants became larger and stem diameter increased in the moistened plot. In the later stage of growth, elongation of the plant in the control and moistened plots ceased due to the reproductive growth. However, the shaded plot did not bloom, and the stem continued to elongate. On the other hand, in the dried plot, the flowering was not uniform according to the temporary elongation of the plant after every irrigation. Thus, number of leaves decreased after the flowering stage in the control and in moistened plots, but in the shaded and dried plots, the number of leaves did not decrease until the harvest time. Dry weight of above-ground parts of the plant became larger in the moistened plot and smaller in the dried plot. However, dry weight of boll in the moistened plot decreased more than the control plot, because of the reduction of the ratio of reproductive growth to vegetative growth in the moistened plot. Number of fiber-cells found in the cross section of middle part of the stem became larger in the control plot than other experimental plots. Although in the moistened and shaded plots, number of fiber-cells was reduced to one half of those of the control plot, diameter and thickness of cell-membrane of the fiber-cells were noticeably developed in the moistened plot compared to other plots. From the consideration of the above-mentioned causes, fiber percentage in the dry weight of stem became larger in the moistened plot and became smaller in the shaded and dried plots. The fiber obtained from the moistened plot was better than that from the control plot because of the higher content of α-cellulose and the lower content of β-and γ-cellulose. However, from the dried and shaded plots the fibers of poor quality were obtained because of the lower content of α-cellulose and the higher content of lignins than that of the control plot. Particularly, from the shaded plot the fiber of the worst quality was obtained.View full abstractDownload PDF (684K) -
Torao OBA, Isamu KATSURA, Soroku KUDO, Munemitsu KINEBUCHI1964 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 233-236
Published: March 15, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) In order to investigate the growing process of soybean with high yields, this experiments were carried out on a grower's fields of rich soils at Imoda, Tamayama village, Iwate prefecture (alluvial soils derived from the Kitakami river), compared with experimental fields of Tohoku Nat. Agr. Exp. Station at Kuriyagawa Morioka city (volcanic ash soils derived from Mt. Iwate) in 1960 and 1962 testing with 2 of 3 varieties. 2) Top growth in early stage was more stimulated at Imoda than at Kuriyagawa, but after the flowering period, the growth rate became lower at Imoda. The number of grains per area and ratio of grain weight/stem weight at Imoda were greater than that of Kuriyagawa excepting Toiku No. 73 (early variety). 3) Characteristics of growing process on each field as mentioned above were also recognized by the pot experiment in which pot were exchanged between testing places each other at several important stages of growth for soybean plant. 4) It can be said that climatic conditions and soil moisture scarecely play an important part on the growth type in this experiment. 5) P, N and Ca % per dry matter in the soybean plant at Imoda field were higher than at Kuriyagawa as earlier stage of growth. Especially P % were remarkable in this case. But as the stage be later, it became a little lower in the plant of Imoda than that of Kuriyagawa. 6) The favourable growing of soybean plant for high productivity were made clear from morphorogical and physiological conditions by these works.View full abstractDownload PDF (679K) -
Koou YAMAZAKI1964 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 237-242
Published: March 15, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStem tip culture in vitro, shading and root cutting were adopted to detect the role of processes involved in leaf formation of rice plants. When cultured in vitro, the larger shoot apices taken from older plants made longer leaf blades than those developed from smaller shoot apices of younger ones. The same phenomena were observed when length of leaf blade developed from larger shoot apices of sparsely-grown or of nitrogen fertillzed plants (see previous paper) were compared with those developed from smaller ones of densely-grown or non-nitrogen fertilized plants. These results show that size of shoot apices primarily determines size of leaves. The leaf primordium which had just appeared at the foot of a shoot apex at the time of transplanting the stem tip into culture medium, grew into a leaf with less number of larger and more of smaller vascular bundles as compared to the next older one just below it. This shows that the surgical treatment at the time of transplanting affects the differentiation of each bundles of different primordia, as the stage of differentiation of both types of vascular bundles are different (see previous paper). Shading at the time of emergence of a given leaf increases sheath length of the leaf and blade length of the adjacent younger leaf. This is attributed to the activity of intercalary meristem occurring at the sheath base of the emerging leaf and blade base of the adjacent younger leaf respectively. Root cutting at the time of emergence of a given leaf decreases sheath length of the adjacent older leaf, which had almost fully expanded, blade length of the emerging leaf, and blade width of the adjacent younger leaf. The effects on length of sheath and blade are explained in the same way as in the case of shading. The effect of root cutting on the blade width is attributed to the activity of ground meristem working before a leaf begins to emerge, and this meristem was affected by the treatment. From these observations and from the results of previous papers, it is concluded that the processes of leaf formation in rice plants can be demonstrated as follows: Shoot apex : Size and structure of a leaf is primarily determined. P1-P2 : Number of larger vascular bundles of the leaf is determined. P2-P3 : Number of smaller vascular bundles of it is determined. P3-P4 : Blade width of it is determined. P4-P5 : Blade length of it is determined. P5-P6 : Sheath length of it is determined. where the successsive stages of leaf development are designated as P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 and P6 respectively, showing P1 the youngest leaf primordium and P6 the oldest almost fully expanded leaf (see previous paper).View full abstractDownload PDF (823K) -
Eizo MAEDA, Yasuo KAMURO1964 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 243-249
Published: March 15, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this communication, stimulating or inhibiting effects of antibiotics, sodium ion and potassium ion on the extension of lamina joints are proved. When the sodium ion is applied in the test solution by Na2HPO4, the cation slightly inhibits the extension of lamina joints at the concentration of 40 me/l, but by NaCl any inhibiting effect is not revealed at the same concentration (table 1). Potassium ion has a stimulating effect on the extension when it is applied at 25×10-4 M of potassium maleate (table 2). Actidione, aureothricin, blasticiolin S, fermicidin and gramicidin S exhibit conspicuously an inhibiting effect upon the extension (table 3). Yet it is characteristic that the extension is slightly accerelated by novobiocin (table 4). The inhibiting effect of gramicidin S is particularly feeble upon the growth of intact rice plants (table 5). Any synergistic action, which is induced by mixture of gibberellin and IAA, is not detectable between novobiocin and IAA (table 6). In addition, the novobiocin has not a stimulating effect as that of gibberellin on intact rice plants (table 7).View full abstractDownload PDF (942K) -
Shin-ichiro KAWATA, Kuni ISHIHARA, Tetsuo SHIOYA1964 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 250-253
Published: March 15, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe root hairs of the crown roots of the low1and rice plants cultivated in the upland fields were numerous in number and longer in length, as compared to their development and growth in the paddy fields. The size and shape of the short cells, etc.) in the epidermis were also different, for instance the ratio of length/width was smaller than that of the roots in the paddy fields and sometimes the short cells looked like a barrel (fig. 1A). The root hairs in the paddy fields, as usual, were straight, but on the contrary, the root hairs in the upland fields may frequently take any shape (figs. 2A, B and C). In general, the percentage of root hairs containing RNA was very low in the upland field plants as compared to those of the paddy fields, excepting those hairs growing near the root tips. From these results it may be concluded, that the number and length of root hairs of the crown roots in the upland fields are better, but the physiological activity of them is not so higher than those in the paddy fields.View full abstractDownload PDF (1167K) -
Noboru YAMADA, Hiroshi SUGE, Hiroshi NAKAMURA, Koichi TAZIMA1964 Volume 32 Issue 3 Pages 254-258
Published: March 15, 1964
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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