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Volume 22, Issue 6-7
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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M. Abe1944 Volume 22 Issue 6-7 Pages 215-221
Published: July 05, 1944
Released on J-STAGE: February 05, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSI have already given an account of the ordinary stereoscopic photographs and sometimes of the stereoscopic cinematographs which I used for my study of cloud, but detailed explanation of the latter has not yet been given. For the convenience of my readers, I explain here the arrangements employed for my study which was carried out by means of stereoscopic cinematograph.View full abstractDownload PDF (1115K) -
R. Kuraisi1944 Volume 22 Issue 6-7 Pages 221-225
Published: July 05, 1944
Released on J-STAGE: February 05, 2009
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R. Kuraisi, T. Takami1944 Volume 22 Issue 6-7 Pages 225-229
Published: July 05, 1944
Released on J-STAGE: February 05, 2009
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Y. Kawabata, Z. Nakagawa1944 Volume 22 Issue 6-7 Pages 229-233
Published: July 05, 1944
Released on J-STAGE: February 05, 2009
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K. Takabasi, K. Sasaki1944 Volume 22 Issue 6-7 Pages 234-240
Published: July 05, 1944
Released on J-STAGE: February 05, 2009
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K. Takahasi1944 Volume 22 Issue 6-7 Pages 240-245
Published: July 05, 1944
Released on J-STAGE: February 05, 2009
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R. Sawada1944 Volume 22 Issue 6-7 Pages 246-251
Published: July 05, 1944
Released on J-STAGE: February 05, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper an approximate formula is introduced, which describes the change of the lapse-rate.
Coordinates: x. y in horizontal, z in vertical plane.
Velocity components: u in x axis, in y axis and w in z. Temperature. Pressure: T, P.
Assumptions: Geostrophic wind is blowing.
Two equations of horizontal motion (geostrophic wind), Laplace's equation, the first Iaw of thermodynamics and the following equation are used:
This equation describes the change of the lapse-rate (∂T/∂z) of a fluid element with time (t).
(The physical meaning of this equation needs to be examined. d/dt refers to one fluid particle, but ∂/∂z must be calculated from (at least) two particles.
And so, it is necessary to consider the physical meaning of the notation d/dt (∂T/∂z)•.
As regards this, see also my paper in the previous number of this journal.)
If ∂/∂z (dQ/dt) is negligible, we get after some ealculations-
where Q is the heat added from outside of the air particle. ρ the density A is a constant of an individual particle, and not a universal one.
The formula states:- As regards one individual air element, the lapse-rate is proportional to its density.
Particle of geostrophic wind has const. density and const. ∂T/∂z. It must be understood that the change of ∂T/∂z is caused by non-adiabatic changes.View full abstractDownload PDF (310K) -
R. Sawada1944 Volume 22 Issue 6-7 Pages 251-255
Published: July 05, 1944
Released on J-STAGE: February 05, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEquations of steady motion are as usual:-
where k is a coefficient of friction. V denotes the absolute velocity of wind, and then u=Vcosδcosα, v=Vcosδsinα, w=Vsinδ where δ is the slope angle of the earth.
Pressure gradient is in direction n, and Notations α, β, δ, n, … are shown in fig. 1. After some simple transformations, we get (β-α) is an angle between pressure gradient and wind. (If the motion is only horizontal, the equation becomes This is Gull berg and Mohn's formula.)
The equation shows that the angle (β-α) is a function of variables α, δ and φ. For example, of the wind is southerly, we get tg (β-α) 0 and so (β-α) 0 as δ tends to φ, also the slope angle δ equals to latitude φ In such a case, the wind blows perpendicularly to isobars.
Thus, we know that (β-α) varies widely with δ, the slope angle of the earth.
Numerical example: k is 7.6×10-5.
Two cases (uortherly and westerly winds) are calculated on the latitudes 20°, 30° and 40°. Fig. 2 is the graph.
From these discussions, we know that slope effect is not smaller than the other effec_??_s (∂/∂t, w∂/∂_??_ and so on), and we may say:- The angle between pressure gra_??_ient and wind fluctuates greatly as the result of slope effect, and not of acceleration or other factors.
If we use Naver-Stokes' equations, we get almost the same results in free air, and it may be said:-
Whem there is some vertical current, wind direction fluctuates greatly. The so-called “Ablenkungs Winkel” from geostrophic wind is not always the result of acceleration in the meaning of Ertel, Brunt-Douglas and others.View full abstractDownload PDF (255K) -
T. Ayuda1944 Volume 22 Issue 6-7 Pages 255-260
Published: July 05, 1944
Released on J-STAGE: February 05, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith the instrument which was made by Dr. Nukiyama, we observed the relation of the polarization and the formation of clouds on clear days.
In the daily veriations of the polarization at the zenith, the plane of polarization changed with the variation of the azimuth of the sun, in accordance with Rayleigh's theory. The variations of the polarization were closely connected with the weather conditions.
On really clear days the polarization indicated great values and on less-clear and somewhat cloudy days it gave moderate values. The abovementioned facts seem to indicate that when the moisture content in the air rises, it begins to condense on some particles and forms some water droplets before becoming visible clouds of droplets. Accordingly the droplets cause small variations of the polarization.
On hazy days the polarization was observed to have smaller values. This, of course, means that the polarization produced by hazy particles is very slight.View full abstractDownload PDF (589K)
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