巻号一覧
42 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の12件中1～12を表示しています
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
SHIGETOH MIYACHI, SEIKICHI IZAWA, HIROSHI TAMIYA1955 年 42 巻 3 号 p. 221-244
発行日: 1955年
公開日: 2008/11/18
ジャーナル フリー1. The effect of molecular oxygen upon the C14O2-fixing capacity of Chlorella cells was investigated under various experimental conditions.
2. It was observed that the stationary level of the light-induced C14O2-fixing power (R) was markedly depressed by the effect of oxygen. The following relation was found to hold between the stationary R-level (established in the light) and the O2-tension applied:
[R]S=(φ/φ+[O2])[R]NS
where [R]S and [R]NS represent the level established in the presence and absence, .respectively, of oxygen, [O2] the oxygen partial pressure, and Φ a constant which was found to be 0.22 atm. at 25°.
3. The depressing effect of oxygen upon the stationary R-level was increased when the concentration of C14O2 (supplied in the dark) was decreased.
4. The stationary R-level depressed by the effect of oxygen could be restored completely by the removal of oxygen.
5. While the process of formation (in the light) of the light-induced O14O2-fixing power was not affected by oxygen, its decay in the dark was markedly accelerated by the effect of oxygen. It was postulated that the level of the light-induced O14O2-fixing power is determined by the relative rates of formation (caused by light) and decay (occurring independently of light) of a certain reducing (C14O2-fixing) substance. Based on this view, a kinetic schema was presented to account for the various facts observed in the experiments. The essential conclusion arrived at was that both the inhibitory action of oxygen upon photo-synthesis and the reactivity of oxygen as an oxidant for the Hill reaction are due to the reaction of oxygen with the reducing agent (R) formed by the effect of illumination.
6. In contrast to the light-induced C14O2-fixing power, the light-independent C14O2-fixing capacity of algal cells was found to be increased by the effect of oxygen.
This work was supported by grants from the Ministry of Education and from the Rockefeller Foundation, both of which are gratefully acknowledged here. Thanks are due to Mr. K. Suzuki for his assistance in some experiments during this work.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1244K) -
TAIICHI NIHEI1955 年 42 巻 3 号 p. 245-256
発行日: 1955年
公開日: 2008/11/18
ジャーナル フリー1. Using the technique recently devised by Tamiya et al. (1), Chlorella ellipsoidea was cultured “synchronously” and the biochemical process occurring in the life cycle of alga was investigated with special reference to the stage of nuclear division (“ripening”) of wholly grown up cells or the “light cells” according to the terminology of Tamiya et al.
2. It was found that, when the “light cells” of the ripening stage were illuminated in the presence of phosphate, they consumed a con-siderable amount of phosphate with simultaneous evolution of oxygen. The photosynthetic CO2, -absorption was more or less suppressed when phosphate was present and assimilated by cells with the simultaneous evolution of O2, As a consequence, the light cells at the ripening stage showed an apparent photosynthetic quotient (O2/CO2, ) high above unity in the presence of phosphate, whereas they showed normal photosyn-thetic quotient (O2/CO2_??_1) in the absence of phosphate and in the presence of CO2. In short, the phosphate in this case functions, out-wardly, in the manner of the Hill reagent, causing, in competition with CO2, a photochemical reduction of some cellular material.
3. In the absence of CO2, absorption of 1 mole of phosphate was accompanied by the evolution of about 3.4 moles of O2.
4. The phosphorus fixed photochemically by the ripening light cells was found, in the main, in the fraction which was obtained by extraction of cell materials for 5 minutes with 5 per cent trichloroacetic acid at 100°, after the cells were extracted with cold 5 per cent tri-chloroacetic acid and alcohol-ether (3:1) mixture. The phosphorus compound contained in this fraction was hydrolyzable by 7 minutes' treatment with 1 N HCl, precipitable with barium acetate at pH 3.5-4.0 and with chitosan at pH 4-7, and showed a distinct metachromatic reaction with toluidine blue. These properties suggest strongly that the major portion of the phosphate fixed was in the form of metaphosphate.
This work was carried out as a part of the program directed by Professor Hirohi Tamiya, and it is a pleasure to the author to express his gratitude for his expert guidance. Thanks are due to the Ministry of Education and the Rocke-feller Foundation for grants in aid of this work.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (667K) -
III. ON THE PROTEINASE OF TRICHOPHYTON GYPSEUMTATSUZO FUJII1955 年 42 巻 3 号 p. 257-265
発行日: 1955年
公開日: 2008/11/18
ジャーナル フリーThe nature of proteinase activity of Trichophyton gypseum was inves-tigated and the following results were obtained.
1. The maceration of the mycelium hydrolyzed casein, gelatin and peptone considerably in pH range of 5 to 9, and the optimal pH for hydrolysis was found to be at pH 8.2.
2. The degree of hydrolysis of various proteins at pH 8.0 diminish-ed in the following order: Protamin>casein>gelatin>edestin>egg-albumin>peptone>fibrin.
3. Proteinase activity was inhibited by egg-white, human serum and soybean trypsin inhibitor, but not affected by cysteine, cyanide, hydrogen sulfide or heavy metal ions.
4. The proteinase activity was also found in the extract of acetone powder of the mycelial pad, and the enzyme was easily extractable with water, free from fungus cells.
5. The enzyme seemed to be constantly (not adaptively) produced by the organism and only slightly liberated into the culture fluid.
From these facts the proteinase of Trichophyton gypseum was considered to belong to the category of tryptase.
This work was carried out as a part of a comprehensive investigation of the pathogenic fungi under the direction of Prof. Yuki Ito, M. D., to whom the author is indebted for his constant guidance.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (525K) -
GORO KIKUCHI, RYOITI SHUKUYA, MITSUO SUZUKI, CHIAKI NAKAMURA1955 年 42 巻 3 号 p. 267-284
発行日: 1955年
公開日: 2008/11/18
ジャーナル フリーWith the aim to clarify the mechanism of the activation of molec-ular oxygen by hemoglobin, the reaction of hemiglobin formation from HbO2 under various conditions were studied both spectrophotometrically and manometrically. The main results obtained are as follows:
1. Autoxidation of HbO2 is accelerated by lowered pH and by the addition of perturbators such as sodium benzoate and laurate. The affinity of hemoglobin to O2 seems to decrease under these condition.
2. The rate of autoxidation of HbO2 is decreased by the coexis-tence of catalase in the reaction solution. The fact suggests that some peroxides would have been formed in this system and played a role in this reaction.
3. No disintegration of heme molecule is proved in the reaction of HbO2 autoxidation, but the protein part of hemoglobin molecule seems to be modified considerably.
4. The rate of oxidation of HbO2 by ferricyanide is also signifi-cantly accelerated by lowered pH and by the addition of perturbators. This may suggest that it is not HbO2 but reduced Hb which is actually oxidized by the oxidants.
5. The rate of hemoglobin formation is greatly promoted by the addition of some adequate reductants such as ferrocyanide, NaN3, and ascorbic acid which would concern the increasing production of HO2, in the reaction solution.
6. Considering the above facts, a hypothetical scheme of the reac-tion of hemiglobin formation in both the presence and absence of the reductants was presented. It should be pointed out especially that the activated state of HbO2 designated as HbFeIIO2* was introduced in the scheme as a presumption.
7. The possible significance of our demonstrations on the inter-relation between the function of heme and the structural modification in the protein part of the hemoglobin molecule was discussed.
The authors wish to thank to Prof. K. Kaziro for his interest and useful dis-cussions during the course of this work. This work were supported by the Science research Fund of the Ministry of Education for which the authors also with to thank.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (852K) -
KENSUKE SHIMURA, FUSAOKI KOIDE, HIROKO ITABASHI, HIRONOBU FUKAI1955 年 42 巻 3 号 p. 285-294
発行日: 1955年
公開日: 2008/11/18
ジャーナル フリー1. A method was described for measuring the formation of protein by silkgland of silkworm in vitro.
2. The optimum pH for the reaction of protein formation by silkgland was found to be between 7.8 and 8.5, with a peak at pH 8.0.
3. The reaction was stimulated by the addition of inorganic phosphate.
4. The effect of various substances were studied. A marked stimu-lation was observed with a-keto acids (such as pyruvate, oxalacetate, a-ketoglutarate), lactate, pantothenic acid and ascorbic acid.
5. NaF and 2, 4-dinitrophenol were found to inhibit the reaction.
6. The protein formed gave a purple biuret reaction and was precipitated by mercuric chloride, trichloracetic acid, picric acid, and alcohol.
7. From the above observations it is suggested that silkgland tissues synthesize protein in vitro under suitable conditions.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1230K) -
V. ZUR SPEZIFITÄT DER KRYSTALLISIERTEN PROTEINASE VON BACILLUS SUBTILISVON YASUO TAZAWA1955 年 42 巻 3 号 p. 295-303
発行日: 1955年
公開日: 2008/11/18
ジャーナル フリーAn Hand der krystallisierten Subtilis-Proteinase babe ich die Spaltungsversuche mit den folgenden Substraten ausgeführt: Gelatine, Ovalbumin, Hemoglobin, Clupein, Glycinin, Legumelin, mehrere Polypeptide, Diketopiperazine und Pyrrolidoncarbonsäurederivate. Zur Ermittelung der Spaltungsgrade wurde die COOH-Zunahme durch Titrationsmethode gernessen. Die Versuche ergaben, dass sich das Enzym als eine reine Proteinase erweist, also es völlig frei von Dipeptidase, Aminopolypeptidase und Carboxypolypeptidase ist. Es wurde festgestellt, class sowohl das Protein als auch das Eisenin durch das Enzym in optimalem pH-Bereiche 7.0-8.0, auch in Abwesenheit von Blausäure oder Cystein gut angegriffen werden kann. Um irgendwelche enzym
affinen Atomgruppen im Substratprotein zu entdecken, babe ich die verschiedenen Ovalbuminderivate und die mehreren Farbstoff-Gelatine-verbindungen zum vergleichenden Spaltungs versuche unterworfen, mit dem Ergebnis, dass die Bakterienproteinase spezifisch für die Acidogruppen des Proteinmoleküls eingestellt ist. Daraus hat es sich herausgestellt, dass das krystalline Subtilis-Enzym der Kategorie der Proteinasen von Papain- oder Trypsin-Typus angehört.
Zum Schluss möchte ich meinem verehrten Kollege, Herrn Dr. K. Okunuki, für seine liebenswürdige Unterstützung mit dem Krystallenzym meinen herzlichen Dank aussprechen. Dem Unterrichtsministerium bin ich dankbar für die Gewährung des Forschungsstipendiums.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (583K) -
AKIRA KATO, YASUO YOSHIOKA, MASAO WATANABE, MASAMI SUDA1955 年 42 巻 3 号 p. 305-319
発行日: 1955年
公開日: 2008/11/18
ジャーナル フリー1. L-Histidine deaminase was isolated from guinea pig liver and purified about forty folds.
2. This enzyme was strongly inhibited by metal- and SH-binders.
3. The enzyme inactivated through dialysis restored its activity by supplementing cadmium ion together with a SH-compound such as -GSH, thioglycollate or cysteine.
4. pH optimum of the enzyme was found at 8.7 and Km of the enzymatic reaction was about 1.2×10-3 mole/lit.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (729K) -
HIRAO SHIMAZONO1955 年 42 巻 3 号 p. 321-340
発行日: 1955年
公開日: 2008/11/18
ジャーナル フリー1. Comparative studies on the production (in the culture medium) and the decomposition (by the mycelium) of oxalic acid by white-rot and brown-rot fungi were carried out and it was found that the former group of fungi is characterized by their inability to produce free oxalic acid in the medium together with the ability of the mycelium in decom-posing the acid. The contrary was the case with the group of the brown-rot fungi.
2. The influence of cultural age and the effect of the addition of acids to the culture medium on the intensity of the enzymatic activity of the mycelium were studied.
3. A soluble enzyme responsible for the decomposition of the acid was isolated from the mycelium of Coriolus hirsutus and Collyvia veltipes (white-rot fungi) and the procedure for partial purification of the enzyme was described.
4. The enzyme was shown to be strictly specific for the decarboxy-lation of oxalic acid.
COOH-COOH→HCOOH+CO2
It differed from all the known enzymes, affecting the decomposition of oxalic acid or the decarboxylation of other acids. Hence, the name of “oxalic acid decarboxylase” was proposed for the new enzyme.
5. Addition of mycelium extract to a dialyzed solution of the enzyme had an ameliorating effect on the reaction, suggesting the complex nature of the enzyme system.
6. Cocarboxylase had no effect on the reaction of the enzyme.
7. Aerobic condition was shown to be the requisite for the activity of the enzyme, though no consumption of oxygen was ever detected by the manometric measurements.
8. The Michaelis constant of the enzyme, KM, was found to be 1.25×10-4 molellit. (pH 2.7, Na citrate-HCl-buffer, 30°)
9. Activating and inhibiting effects of chemicals on the enzyme reaction were described.
The author expresses his gratitude to Prof. K. Sakaguchi, Prof. T. Shiba-moto, and Mr. H. Takahashi (Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University) and to Dr. A. Takamiya (Tokyo Institute of Technology) for their valuable suggestions and kind advices during the course of the present works. Acknowledgement is also due to Mr. K. Aoshima (Government Forestry Experimental Station, Tokyo) for his kind help in supplying stocks of wood destroying fungi.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (902K) -
I. THE KINDS OF FREE AMINO ACIDS CONCERNED IN THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF THE SILKPROTEINTOSHIFUMI FUKUDA, JIRO KIRIMURA, MOTOICHI MATUDA, TADAO SUZUKI1955 年 42 巻 3 号 p. 341-346
発行日: 1955年
公開日: 2008/11/18
ジャーナル フリー1. Present study was carried out to clarify the kinds of amino acids concerned in the silkprotein biosynthesis.
2. During biosynthesis of the silkprotein in the silkgland, glycine, serine, threonine, tyrosine and proline remove intensively, in a free form, from the body fluid to the cell of the silkgland, but it is scarcely the case for free alanine.
3. These facts seem to suggest to us the following. Some part of glycine, serine, tyrosine, threonine and proline in the silkprotein must have their origin in free amino acids in the body fluid, but alanine which is one of the main constituent amino acids of the silkprotein is not derived from free alanine in the body fluid.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1069K) -
TAKAO NAKAMURA, KEIKO TOKUYAMA, YASUYUKI OGURA1955 年 42 巻 3 号 p. 347-358
発行日: 1955年
公開日: 2008/11/18
ジャーナル フリーAs may be seen, the spectrophotometric and titrimetric investiga-tions described above have yielded results which harmonize satisfactorily with each other. Both were accounted for by the assumption that (i) in MHb+ molecule there is one dissociation group linked to each hematin, showing a pK' value of about 4.9 at 25°, that (ii) the pK' of this group shifts from 4.9 to 5.3 when MHb+ combines with CN-, and that (iii) the calculated value of the heat of dissociation of this group is 7-8 kcal. These results seem to suggest that the hematin linked group in question is most probably the imsdazole group of histidine, whose pK' value in free histidine molecule is known to be about 6.0. The somewhat smaller values we have observed may be interpreted as being due to the interaction between the hematin and the linked group. If this assumption be correct, our experiment has revealed that when hematin combines with CN-, the interaction in question is diminished and the pK' value approaches that of the free imidazole.
It should be remarked that the pK' value of hematin-linked group we have determined by an analysis of equilibrium between MHb+ and CN- coincides well with corresponding values found by other anothers using different methods: namely pK'=5.45 at 20° and 5.75 at 25° deter-mined titrimetrically by Theorell (4) and Wyman (5), respectively, 5.3±0.2 determined magnetometrically by Coryell and Pauling (6), and 5.1 at 20° estimated spectrophotometrically by George and Hanania (7).
The authors wish to express their sincere gratitude to Prof. H. Tamiya for his advices in this work. The pH measuring circuit was designed under the direction of Dr. S. Koga to whom we wish to acknowledge our indebtedness.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (465K) -
SABURO NAWA, SADAO MATUURA, MIKIYASU GOTÔ, YOSAIMASA HIRATA1955 年 42 巻 3 号 p. 359-361
発行日: 1955年
公開日: 2008/11/18
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (168K) -
RENÉ-GUY BUNSEL, HENRI JÉRÔME1955 年 42 巻 3 号 p. 363-366
発行日: 1955年
公開日: 2008/11/18
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (228K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|