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Article type: Cover
2004 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Index
2004 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Index
2004 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages
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Yoji Ohashi
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages
207-
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Takashi Nakamura
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages
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Kazuo Kitahara
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages
209-
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Sayaka Hihara, Atsushi Iriki
2004 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages
210-215
Published: April 05, 2004
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In the parietal cortex of the monkeys trained to use tools, we found groups of bimodal (somatosensory and visual) neurons which appeared to code the image of the hand by integrating somatosensory and visual information-these neurons have visual receptive fields which encompass their somatosensory receptive fields located at hand and forearm. During tool use, their visual receptive fields were altered to include the entire length of the rake. These use-dependent expansion occurred only when the monkeys held a tool and intended to use it as an extension of their hand. These findings may constitute the neural correlate for modification of "the body schema" as a basis of assimilation of the tool into our own body. Also, we found that these neurons can also code the body-image projected onto the video monitor, perhaps corresponding to its "iconic" representation. When above described representations were further advanced, it would become totally free from physical constraints of the actual world to become a "(pre-) symbolic" one to represent evolutionary precursors of higher cognitive functions.
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Kiminori Ushida, Akiko Masuda
2004 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages
216-220
Published: April 05, 2004
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We investigated the transport phenomena in the aqueous solution of a polysaccharide (hyaluronan) which is a material constructing extracellular matrix (ECM) using systematic combination of three kinds of experimental techniques. The time- and the space-correlations were observed in experimentally obtained diffusion coefficients and the role of ECM, and also, some important biological activities, seem closely related to this inhomogeneous diffusion. Since strange behavior, that is similar to that observed in glass systems, was observed, the result will contribute to the theoretical research and medical applications. We expect a great progress in the research field treating the time- and the space-correlations of spontaneous diffusions existing behind various communication mechanisms effecting on biological activities.
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Yukihiro Shimoi, Ping Huai, Shuji Abe
2004 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages
220-223
Published: April 05, 2004
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A new trend in molecular magnetism is introduced which aims to control the alignment of the radical spins by external stimuli such as charge doping and photoexcitation. We describe its basic concept as well as experiments successfully showing controllable spin alignment within π-conjugated molecules. Our recent theoretical work based on a microscopic Hamiltonian also indicates that electronic control by doping is possible. We discuss the manner and mechanism of spin alignment in doped molecular magnets.
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Osamu Sugino, Yoshiyuki Miyamoto
2004 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages
224-227
Published: April 05, 2004
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First-principles calculation is a standard computational method useful for the materials science. It is very desirable to extend the method for electronically excited systems, but it requires fair handling of dynamical correlation of the electrons and ions that is very demanding. We have proposed a practical method on the basis of a meanfield theory and its improved version, and have tested them by applying to surfaces, defects, and clusters. In this paper, we describe our methods, their advantage and limitation, and the results of simulated photo-excited reactions.
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Kazuyuki Watanabe, Noriyuki Nakaoka, Satoshi Watanabe, Michiko Tanaka
2004 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages
228-231
Published: April 05, 2004
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Quantum effects in electrochemical capacitances observed in the scanning tunneling microscopy study stimulate the theoretical work. We have applied new methods based on the density functional theory, which have been developed in our group, to the calculation of capacitances of jellium electrode with a nanometer-scale gap, an organic molecule, fullerenes and carbon nanotubes. Quantum effects and the electronic states origin in the capacitances have been elucidated through the first-principles calculations. We emphasize that the capacitance is not just a parameter but a key physical quantity manifesting the electronic states of nanostructures.
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Noriko Akutsu
2004 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages
232-236
Published: April 05, 2004
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We study statistical thermodynamical behavior of the vicinal surface with adsorption. As the microscopic model Hamiltonian for the vicinal surface with adsorption, we have present a restricted-solid-on-solid model coupled with the Ising system. Using the density matrix renormalization group algorithm, we obtain surface free energy and mean adsorption coverage as a function of the surface slope. In the equilibrium, the adsorption-induced-giant step formation, which we call thermal step bunching, and the adsorbate-mediated inter-step attraction are found theoretically. We clarify the origin of the step bunching and the inter-step attraction.
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Toru Suzuki
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages
237-240
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Humitaka Sato
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages
241-242
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages
243-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages
244-245
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2004 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages
247-248
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages
248-
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages
248-253
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages
253-256
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages
260-277
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Article type: Appendix
2004 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages
278-282
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