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Article type: Cover
2012 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
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Published: January 05, 2012
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Article type: Index
2012 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Index
2012 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2012 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
1-4
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Yoshio Kuramoto
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
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Yukio Hasegawa, Masanori Ono, Takayuki Suzuki, Toyoaki Eguchi
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
6-13
Published: January 05, 2012
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Defects and impurities situated in metals affect behavior of free electrons around them and induce modulated structures reflecting the wave nature of the electrons. The oscillatory spatial distribution of local density of states is called electron standing waves or quasiparticle interference pattern, whereas modulated electrostatic potential and charge density are the Friedel oscillation. In this review, we introduce real-space observation of these oscillatory structures by using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/S). Standing wave observations on surface states having spin structures induced by the Rashba effect, such as those of topological insulators, and the differences between the two confusing oscillatory structures will be discussed.
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Mifuyu Ukai, Hirokazu Tamura
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
14-23
Published: January 05, 2012
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By applying a technique of precision gamma-ray spectros-copy with germanium detectors to the studies of hypernuclei, we have revealed detailed structures of various A hypernuclei. The obtained precise level data provide valuable information on the AN interaction, particularly the spin-dependent parts of the interaction. In this article, results on hypernuclear gamma-ray spectroscopy are reviewed and its future perspective at the J-PARC facility is presented.
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Hideaki Takabe
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
23-32
Published: January 05, 2012
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I would like to review the model experiment of astrophysics with high-power, large-scale lasers constructed mainly for laser nuclear fusion research. The four research directions of this new field named "Laser Astrophysics" are described with four examples mainly promoted in our institute. The description is of magazine style so as to be easily understood by non-specialists. A new theory and its model experiment on the collisionless shock and particle acceleration observed in supernova remnants (SNRs) are explained in detail and its result and coming research direction are clarified. In addition, the vacuum breakdown experiment to be realized with the near future ultra-intense laser is also introduced.
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Masanori Tachikawa, Yukiumi Kita
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
33-37
Published: January 05, 2012
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We have extended the conventional first-principles methods, such as molecular orbital and quantum Monte Calro methods, to the multi-component systems. We have carried out the accurate calculation of positronic binding energy and pair annihilation rate for positronic compounds by using these multi-component methods, and found that these values are in reasonable agreement with the corresponding experimental ones. The positronic orbital is much more delocalized than the highest occupied molecular orbital, and the correlation between positron affinity and dipole moment is clearly shown.
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Chul-Moon Yoo, Ken-ichi Nakao
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
37-43
Published: January 05, 2012
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The cosmological principle is the most fundamental working hypothesis in modern cosmology, and hence its observational test is one of the biggest challenges in observational cosmology. In this article, we report recent studies on observational tests of the cosmological principle with the distanceredshift relation from Type la supernovae, CMB observations and the redshift drift. Thanks to recent technological developments, we have begun to be able to test the cosmological principle observationally, and thus theoretical studies of inhomogeneous universe models in which the cosmological principle is not assumed are receiving much attention in recent years. We give brief explanations about observables in inhomogeneous universe models which violate the cosmological principle, and report observational constraints so far and future prospects.
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Kosuke Yoshioka, Makoto Kuwata-Gonokami
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
44-48
Published: January 05, 2012
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An electron and a hole in semiconductors combine with each other by Coulomb attraction to form an exciton. This hydrogen-like quasiparticle obeys Bose statistics and it has been predicted that the system shows Bose-Einstein condensation by keeping an exciton gas low temperature and high density under the quasi-equilibrium condition. We have observed the transition to a Bose-Einstein condensate of an quasi-equilibrium, photo-excited exciton system in cuprous oxide. This is a big step towards the resolution of the long-term problem, and this will be a milestone for future fascinating studies on the matter phases in quantum manybody system of electrons and holes.
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Toshio Suzuki, Takashi Yoshida, Satoshi Chiba, Toshitaka Kajino
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
49-54
Published: January 05, 2012
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Neutrino-nucleus reaction processes play important roles in synthesis of ^7Li, ^<11>B,^<138>La, ^<180>Ta and other elements in explosive environments realized in supernovae. We have constructed new shell model Hamiltonians based on recent progress of physics in unstable nuclei near the neutron drip-line. The spin responses of nuclei are found to be remarkably improved by the new Hamiltonians. We then applied these Hamiltonians to calculate the neutrino-nucleus reaction cross sections, and obtained more precise and reliable theoretical estimate of supernova nucleosynthesis of ^7Li, ^<11>B, etc. including the neutrino processes. Finally we propose a new method to determine unknown neutrino oscillation parameters, namely the mixing angle θ_<13> and the mass hierarchy, by making use of strong dependence of the yields of ^7Li and <11>B on these parameters.
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Arisato Kawabata
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
55-56
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
59-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
59-60
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2012 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
60-
Published: 2012
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Article type: Appendix
2012 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
61-62
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Article type: Appendix
2012 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
62-
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[in Japanese]
2012 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
63-
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Article type: Appendix
2012 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
64-71
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Article type: Appendix
2012 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
71-
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Article type: Appendix
2012 Volume 67 Issue 1 Pages
72-
Published: January 05, 2012
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