Butsuri

Online ISSN : 2423-8872
Print ISSN : 0029-0181
ISSN-L : 0029-0181

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Volume 67, Issue 12

Displaying 1-36 of 36 articles from this issue

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Cover
2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages Cover1-
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_Cover1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Index
2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages Toc1-
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_Toc1

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Index
2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages Toc2-
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_Toc2

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 811-814
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_811

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What Should We Learn by Studying Physics?

Kazuhiko Misawa

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 815-
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_815

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Birth of Cosmic-ray Studies in Japan(The Centenary of the Discovery of Cosmic Rays)

Jun Nishimura

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 816-821
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_816

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Systematic studies of cosmic rays in Japan were started when the Nishina Laboratory was founded in Riken in 1931, after Nishina came back from the Niels Bohr Institute in Copenhagen. He spent a great deal of effort to spread modern physics in Japan, which later established the strong group of theoretical physicists including Yukawa, Tomonaga, Sakata and others. Nishina constructed a cloud chamber with a strong magnetic field of 1.7 Tesla, which lead to the success of precise measurements of mass of mesons in 1937. His laboratory concerned with comprehensive cosmic-ray studies including the deepest under ground experiment at Shimizu Tunnel (3,000 mwe), continuous observation of cosmic ray intensity by constructing Nishina Type Ionization Chambers, observations of Latitude Effect, Pressure and Temperature effects and other efforts. Here description is made for the Cosmic ray research in our country, started from Nishina laboratory, developed later at each time by introducing new concept and also by exploring new fields.

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Observing Cosmic Rays in Space(The Centenary of the Discovery of Cosmic Rays)

Shoji Torii

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 821-827
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_821

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Direct measurements of the charged cosmic radiation (cosmic ray) impinging on Earth, play an essential role to get information of the acceleration and propagation mechanism by providing the relative abundance and the energy spectra. Observations, using balloon-borne detector, in Japan were historically achieved especially in field of the high energy electrons and hadrons. Since 2000, the cosmic ray observation in worldwide has done a remarkable progress by development of the detectors with high-technology electronics system and by success of the long duration ballooning, such as, in Antarctica. Further space observations planned at International Space Station will challenge to resolve the puzzles of the dark matter and the anti-matter in universe. The achievements of the direct observations by present days and the future prospect will briefly be reviewed in this article.

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Measuring UHECR with Atmosphere(The Centenary of the Discovery of Cosmic Rays)

Motohiko Nagano, Masaki Fukushima

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 827-831
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_827

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A history of measuring the extensive air shower is reviewed from its discovery to the most recent findings.

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Source, Acceleration and Propagation Theories of Cosmic Rays(The Centenary of the Discovery of Cosmic Rays)

Yutaka Ohira, Ryo Yamazaki, Toshio Terasawa

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 832-837
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_832

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The origin of cosmic rays has been attracting many scientists. The energy spectrum of cosmic rays is a power-law form covering an energy range of 10 decades and has three structures around 10^<15.5>eV, 10^<18.5>eV and 10^<19.5>eV. Moreover, recently, a new structure around 1011 eV was found. We have been puzzled, for a hundred years since the discovery of cosmic rays, how the spectrum is produced, where and how cosmic rays are accelerated, and so on. In this paper, we introduce a part of 100-year struggle for understanding cosmic rays.

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What Can We Learn with Neutrinos?(The Centenary of the Discovery of Cosmic Rays)

Masayuki Nakahata, Shigeru Yoshida

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 837-841
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_837

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2012 is the 25th year from the observation of SN1987A with which the neutrino astronomy was born. Our understanding of neutrinos has been drastically changed in the last 25 years. The discovery of neutrino oscillations by atmospheric neutrinos showed that neutrinos have masses, and the solar neutrino problem was solved by neutrino oscillations. Accelerator and reactor neutrino experiments were also performed. For the astrophysics probed by neutrinos, the SN1987A signals confirmed the basic scenario of the supernova explosion and the prediction of solar neutrino fluxes agree with model prediction once we correct for the effect of neutrino oscillations. The origin of cosmic rays can also be investigated by search for high energy cosmic neutrinos. The IceCube neutrino observatory has been in its full operation since 2011 and we began constraining some models of cosmic ray production mechanisms.

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Detection of Gravitational Waves Comes True Soon?(The Centenary of the Discovery of Cosmic Rays)

Masa-Katsu Fujimoto

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 841-843
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_841

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Second-generation laser interferometric detectors are currently under construction and are expected to detect gravitational waves directly within ten years hereafter. Their strain sensitivities will be about one order of magnitude better than those of the first-generation detectors which have been operated in the 2000s. Briefly reviewed are the early history of the detectors, some significant progress in the knowledge of fundamental physics obtained from the development of the detectors, and some new upper-limits obtained from the surveys of gravitational waves by the first generation detectors.

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Study of Elementary Particle Phenomena in Early Universe through Observation of Cosmic-ray Antiparticles(The Centenary of the Discovery of Cosmic Rays)

Koji Yoshimura, Akira Yamamoto

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 844-849
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_844

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It is well known that among cosmic-ray particles, flying from the universe and entering into the earth, very small fraction of antiparticles are contained. Since our universe is matter-dominated, antiparticles naturally produced through elementary particle processes in the universe or remnant from the early universe. Attempts to search for "Antipartcles" among cosmic-ray particles were initiated around 1960's. From then on, many experimental efforts have been made to unveil this rare species, using balloon-borne, satelliteborne, and space station experiments. In this article, we will review the brief history of challenge to observation of rare antiparticles. Recent progress about antiparticle measurement is reviewed.

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VHE Gamma Ray Astronomy : Higher and Higher Precision Measurements for Faint Blue Flashes(The Centenary of the Discovery of Cosmic Rays)

Masahiro Teshima

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 850-854
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_850

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Very High Energy (VHE) Gamma Ray Astronomy is rapidly developing with third generation Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs), H.E.S.S., MAGIC and VERITAS. Nowadays, about 150 VHE galactic, and extragalactic gamma-ray sources have been discovered. We are attacking to solve the long standing problem of the cosmic ray origin with these new tools. In this occasion of the 100th anniversary of the discovery of cosmic rays, we overview the history of VHE Gamma Ray Astronomy, the current status of this field, and the international future project CTA (Cherenkov Telescope Array).

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Half a Century of Cosmic X-ray Research(The Centenary of the Discovery of Cosmic Rays)

Kazuo Makishima, Tadayuki Takahashi

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 854-860
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_854

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The year of 2012, which is the centennial of the cosmic-ray discovery, happens to coincide with the 50th anniversary of the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources. First carried by cosmic-ray physicists, the study of cosmic X-rays has made explosive developments over the last half a century, and has established the X-ray wavelength as an indispensable window onto the Universe. Among a variety of X-ray emitting celestial objects, we choose here neutron stars as a representative, and review the 50 years connecting the dawn era of the research and the state-of-the-art ASTRO-H satellite to be launched in 2014. In this article, "X-rays" mean energetic photons with energies from 0.1 keV up to a few hundreds keV.

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The Role of the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research(The Centenary of the Discovery of Cosmic Rays)

Jiro Arafune, Takaaki Kajita

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 860-865
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_860

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When we discuss the history of the cosmic ray research in Japan, the role of the Institute for Cosmic Ray Research (ICRR) of the University of Tokyo cannot be forgotten. In this article, we review the history of the scientific activities of ICRR (1976-present), including those of the deep underground research facilities (Kamiokande and Super-Kamiokande), the large air shower arrays (AGASA and TA), and the large scale interferometers for gravitational wave, together with the era of the Cosmic Ray Observatory (1953-1976) , which was the organization before ICRR. We discuss the role of ICRR in the development of the cosmic ray field in Japan.

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JPSJ Selected Papers in the Latest Issue

Tsuneya Ando

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 866-867
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_866

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Memoir on the Screening Reviewed : FY 2012 Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

Ken-Ichi Aoki, Toru Sugitate

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 868-870
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_868

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 871-
Published: 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_871_1

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The Establishment Process of Matthias' Rule and the Discovery of MgB_2(The Path to History)

Norihiro Mizohata

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 871-873
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_871

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Tribute to the Memory of Goro Miyamoto

Akira Asami, Sunao Kawasaki

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 874-
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_874

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In Memory of Professor Toshio Marumori

Fumihiko Sakata

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 875-
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_875

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 876-
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_876_1

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 876-877
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_876_2

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 877-878
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_877

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 878-879
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_878

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 880-885
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_880

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 885-886
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_885

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 886-887
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_886

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 888-893
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_888

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 894-896
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_894

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages 897-898
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_897

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Index
2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages i-vi
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_i

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Appendix
2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages vii-
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_vii

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Index
2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages viii-xi
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_viii

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Index
2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages xii-xiii
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_xii

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[title in Japanese]

Article type: Index
2012 Volume 67 Issue 12 Pages xiv-
Published: December 05, 2012
Released on J-STAGE: October 18, 2019

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.67.12_xiv

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