Early results from the James Webb Space Telescope have revealed bright and distant galaxies in greater numbers than expected. In this article, I discuss how the statistical properties of this newly discovered galaxy population improve our understanding of galaxy assembly history, star formation activity, and stellar population in the distant universe.
The isothermal polymer crystallization near the glass transition temperature has been studied by wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD), small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), and optical microscopy. The SAXS and WAXD results show the polymer crystallization proceeds with the nodular aggregation. The analysis of the SAXS results using Kolmogorov–Johnson–Mehl–Avrami theory indicates that the formation kinetics of the aggregation regions is of homogeneous nucleation type. The temperature dependences of the growth velocity and the nucleation rate of the aggregation region are a natural extrapolation of that of spherulite to the high supercooling region. This surprising results may require the construction of a new nucleation theory.
The Milky Way, the largest feature in the sky, has been studied by humans for millennia, always observed in light or other wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum. For the first time, the IceCube collaboration has observed the Milky Way in high energy neutrinos. The observation of our Galaxy comes after observations of extragalactic neutrinos. Galactic neutrinos are difficult to observe at IceCube for two reasons; most of the emission is in the Southern sky and has a softer energy spectrum. To overcome this, a novel analysis was developed. A feat of innovative data analysis by using data previously thought unusable provided a milestone observation in multi-messenger astronomy.
Magnetic skyrmions, characterized as topological spin defects, have attracted widespread interest owing to the emergent electrodynamics that promises innovative application in novel spintronic devices. Our novel approach for material design has led to the discovery of the triangular-lattice formation of magnetic skyrmions in rare-earth intermetallics Gd2PdSi3. We have identified large amplification of the topological Hall signal, a phenomenon stemming from the confined emergent magnetic fields inherent to densely packed, miniaturized skyrmions. This pioneering development in material design has ignited a fervent quest for new skyrmion-hosting materials in frustrated magnets.