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Article type: Cover
2014 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages
Cover1-
Published: December 05, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2018
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Hikaru Kawamura
2014 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages
827-
Published: December 05, 2014
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Article type: Index
2014 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages
828-829
Published: December 05, 2014
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Kazuhiro Hayasaka
Article type: Article
2014 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages
830-831
Published: December 05, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2018
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Seiji Terashima
Article type: Article
2014 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages
832-833
Published: December 05, 2014
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2014 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages
834-835
Published: December 05, 2014
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Izumi Tsutsui
Article type: Article
2014 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages
836-844
Published: December 05, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2018
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The significance of Bell's Inequality and Bell's Theorem in physics is reviewed, along with its historical background and recent ramifications. Bell's Inequality allows us to examine if Einstein's viewpoint, presented in the EPR paper and modeled into a local realistic hidden variable theory by Bell, is tenable against experimental verifications. Some of the prominent experiments are mentioned featuring possible loopholes and expansion in the scope of the tests. The observed violation of Bell's Inequality suggests that the physical reality, if granted, must be contextual and vulnerable to the influence of other parties even if they are remotely located.
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Nobuyuki Imoto
Article type: Article
2014 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages
845-851
Published: December 05, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2018
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The basic concept of entanglement is introduced taking examples from the simplest two two-level systems to many multi-level systems. Related concepts are explained such as quantum teleportation, magnitude of entanglement, generation method, concentration of weakened entanglement, and also relationships between different areas such as information, communication, and condensed-matter physics are described.
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Shigeki Takeuchi
Article type: Article
2014 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages
852-859
Published: December 05, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2018
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Quantum entangled states are the states which cannot be described by the product of two independent states. Even though singlet-type states are commonly used as examples, there are many other types of entangled states.' In this article, we introduce recent progresses of the generation and application of those various entangled states. First, we introduce a photonic quantum circuit 'entanglement filter', which can generate entangled states from independent single photons by filtering some specific correlations in polarization of the input photons. Second, the application of so-called 'NOON' states, which are the path-entangled states to enhance the sensitivity of optical phase measurement, is explained with an application to microscopy. Then, time-frequency entangled state of photons for the application of quantum optical coherence tomography is introduced.
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Masaki Ogawa
Article type: Article
2014 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages
860-869
Published: December 05, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2018
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There is a prominent correlation between the size of a planet and the history of the magmatic activity on that planet. In small planets like the Moon and Mars, magmatism was active only for the first one billion years of their history and waned after that. On Venus and the Earth, magmatism has been active during the last several hundred million years, and on the Earth, plate tectonics operates to cause various types of activities on the surface even at present. Hinted by this correlation, I have systematically developed a numerical model of mantle evolution in terrestrial planets (Earth-like planets that have the solid surface.) There are two agents that dominate mantle evolution, magmatism and mantle convection. Magmatism induced by mantle convection generates the crust, makes the mantle compositionally heterogeneous, and extracts heat and heat producing elements (HPEs) like Uranium and Thorium, which are the energy source of the magmatism itself, from the mantle. Magmatism keeps the temperature in the mantle below the solidus temperature regardless of the planetary size. The extraction of HPEs from the mantle by magmatism causes it to wane early in the history of a small planet like Mars where the outermost part of the mantle behaves as a rigid spherical shell that inhibits recycling of the crust into the mantle. In Venus and the Earth, however, several high-pressure induced phase transitions of the mantle-constituent minerals make mantle convection pulsating during the earlier stage of mantle evolution when the mantle contains abundant HPEs. The pulses of mantle convection (or bursts) induce vigorous magmatism, stir the mantle, and let a significant portion of the crust recycle into the mantle. The HPEs contained in the recycled crust serve as the energy source of the magmatism that continues throughout the 4.5 billion years history of the planets. On the Earth, mantle bursts make plate motion chaotic on the earlier stage of its history, but plate motion becomes steadier on the later stage as HPEs decay. It is dangerous to try to understand the evolution of super-Earths (terrestrial planets of extra-solar system that are larger than the Earth) by a simple extrapolation from that of the planets in our solar system, because adiabatic compression considerably impedes mantle convection.
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Kazuki Koshino, Kunihiro Inomata, Yasunobu Nakamura, Tsuyoshi Yamamoto
Article type: Article
2014 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages
870-875
Published: December 05, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2018
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In one-dimensional optical setups, light-matter interaction is drastically enhanced by the interference between the incident and scattered fields. Particularly, in an "impedance-matched" Λ system, a single photon deterministically induces the Raman transition and switches the quantum state of the Λ system. Here we report implementation of such a Λ system by the dressed-state engineering in circuit QED and observation of perfect extinction of reflection and highly efficient down-conversion. These results lead to deterministic quantum gates between material qubits and microwave photons.
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Kenji Nagata, Seiji Sugita, Takehiko Sasaki, Masato Okada
Article type: Article
2014 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages
876-880
Published: December 05, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2018
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Spectral deconvolution, in which a multimodal spectrum is decomposed into a sum of unimodal peak function such as Gaussian or Lorentzian function, is widely used for spectroanalysis such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. For the spectral deconvolution, it is very important to determine the number of peaks for fitting from the observed data only. In this article, we introduce the Bayesian approach to the spectral deconvolution.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2014 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages
881-883
Published: December 05, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2018
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[in Japanese]
2014 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages
884-885
Published: December 05, 2014
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[in Japanese]
2014 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages
886
Published: 2014
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2018
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[in Japanese]
2014 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages
886
Published: 2014
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2018
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[in Japanese]
2014 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages
886-887
Published: 2014
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2018
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2014 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages
888-
Published: December 05, 2014
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2014 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages
889-
Published: December 05, 2014
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Article type: Appendix
2014 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages
890-
Published: December 05, 2014
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Article type: Appendix
2014 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages
891-894
Published: December 05, 2014
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Article type: Appendix
2014 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages
894-895
Published: December 05, 2014
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2018
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Appendix
2014 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages
895-
Published: December 05, 2014
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Article type: Appendix
2014 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages
896-
Published: December 05, 2014
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Article type: Appendix
2014 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages
897-902
Published: December 05, 2014
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Article type: Appendix
2014 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages
903-905
Published: December 05, 2014
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Article type: Appendix
2014 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages
906-
Published: December 05, 2014
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Article type: Index
2014 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages
i-vi
Published: December 05, 2014
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Article type: Appendix
2014 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages
vii-
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Article type: Index
2014 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages
viii-xi
Published: December 05, 2014
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Article type: Index
2014 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages
xii-xiii
Published: December 05, 2014
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Article type: Index
2014 Volume 69 Issue 12 Pages
xiv-
Published: December 05, 2014
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