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Article type: Cover
2013 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages
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Published: April 05, 2013
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Article type: Index
2013 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Index
2013 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2013 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages
197-198
Published: April 05, 2013
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Tsuneya Ando
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages
199-
Published: April 05, 2013
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Haruki Watanabe, Hitoshi Murayama
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages
200-208
Published: April 05, 2013
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Spontaneous symmetry breaking is an important concept that applies to particle physics to nuclear, condensed matter, cold atomic, astrophysics, to even early universe cosmology, chemistry, and biology. In particular, continuous symmetries produce Nambu-Goldstone bosons that govern the phenomena at long wavelengths and small energies. However, answers to truly basic questions, such as the number of Nambu-Goldstone bosons or their dispersion relations, had been answered on case-by-case basis without a general framework. The authors recently proposed a framework to understand Nambu-Goldstone bosons in a unified fashion. This work extends the celebrated Nambu-Gold-stone theorem in Lorentz-invariant systems. We demonstrate what had not been clear and what is now using explicit examples of magnets and crystals.
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Tetsuya Ido, Miho Fujieda
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages
209-216
Published: April 05, 2013
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Recent rapid progress of optical frequency standards as well as long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments inspires interests in the transfer and remote comparison of time and frequency standards. Fiber transfer technique of optical frequency standards has enabled remote comparison of optical frequency standards with an uncertainty at the 10^<-19> level. The satellite-based time-transfer realizes time comparison in 〜100 ps level. These technologies are briefly described with some example such as remote comparison of two optical lattice clocks between NICT and University of Tokyo as well as the comparison of standard time between Japan and Germany.
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Kouichi Hayashi
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages
217-225
Published: April 05, 2013
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Atomic resolution holography is a relatively new method, which can record 3D atomic arrangements using X-ray, neutron and electron beams and secondary emissions, such as X-ray fluorescence. By what structure is wanted (surface, bulk, heavy element or light element), one must choose the kind of the beam. In the present article, I show the basic principles of the atomic resolution holography and our experimental results on X-ray, neutron and electron holography. Moreover, I discuss its characteristics compared with other structural analysis methods and describe perspectives of the atomic resolution holography as a next generation analytical method.
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Minoru Nohara, Kazutaka Kudo
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages
226-231
Published: April 05, 2013
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Comparable energy of the Cu 3d and O 2p orbitals in copper oxides provides a platform for high-temperature superconductivity, known as a charge-transfer insulator. Even in iron-based superconductors, the Fe 3d and As 4p orbitals are energetically close, which induce the formation/breaking of As-As bonds depending on the filling of the Fe 3d band. CaFe_2As_2 represents a typical example of this case, where the disappearance/appearance of superconductivity results from the formation/breaking of As-As bonds along the c-axis by a change in the electronic dimensionality. In Ca_<10>(Pt_4As_8) (Fe_<2-x>Pt_xAs_2)_5, in-plane As-As bonds are formed, resulting in high-temperature superconductivity at 38 K. In SrPt_2As_2, all the As-As bonds are broken, and a stack of alternate normal PtAs layers and inverse AsPt layers is created. As a result, charge transfer occurs from the AsPt layer to the PtAs layer, giving rise to an insulating AsPt layer and a pseudo-two-dimensional electronic system in the PtAs layer. Thus, superconductivity is observed at 5.2 K. This report serves as an introduction to the tuning of the electronic state and material design for a high-temperature superconductor using the chemistry of arsenic, with the abovementioned three compounds as examples.
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Seiichiro Onari, Hiroshi Kontani
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages
231-235
Published: April 05, 2013
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In the iron-based superconductors, strong orbital fluctuations are expected to be realized by experimental results such as structure transition, softening of elastic modulus and nematic order. These phenomena in the normal state, which cannot be described in the framework of the mean-field approximation, are important in understanding the mechanism of superconductivity. Recently, we have found that strong orbital fluctuations are caused by vertex corrections, which are many-body effects beyond the mean-field approximation. By the present theory, a comprehensive understanding of the electron state and the phase diagram has been achieved. The orbital fluctuations favor the S_<++>-wave superconducting state, and a variety of gap function can be reproduced by the competition between orbital and spin fluctuations.
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Tsuneya Ando
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages
236-238
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Masao Kitano
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages
239-241
Published: April 05, 2013
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Kousuke Shibasaki
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages
241-243
Published: April 05, 2013
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Kengo Shimada, Kiyoharu Kawana, Hiroki Suzuki, Shota Takahashi
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages
243-246
Published: April 05, 2013
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Kenshi Sagara, Emiko Hiyama, Atsushi Tamii
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages
246-
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Kiyoyuki Terakura
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages
247-
Published: April 05, 2013
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages
248-
Published: April 05, 2013
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages
248-249
Published: April 05, 2013
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2013 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages
249-
Published: April 05, 2013
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Article type: Appendix
2013 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages
250-253
Published: April 05, 2013
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Article type: Appendix
2013 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages
253-254
Published: April 05, 2013
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[in Japanese]
2013 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages
255-
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Article type: Appendix
2013 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages
256-259
Published: April 05, 2013
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Article type: Appendix
2013 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages
260-280
Published: April 05, 2013
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Article type: Appendix
2013 Volume 68 Issue 4 Pages
281-282
Published: April 05, 2013
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