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Article type: Cover
2007 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Index
2007 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Index
2007 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
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Yasunori Tominaga
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
155-
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Shinji Yuasa, David D. Djayaprawira
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
156-163
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A magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), which consists of an ultrathin insulating layer (a tunnel barrier) sandwiched by two ferromagnetic electrode layers, exhibits tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) effect due to spin-dependent electron tunneling. Since the discovery of room-temperature TMR effect in 1995, extensive studies have been made on MTJs with an amorphous aluminumoxide (Al-0) tunnel barrier, which exhibit magnetoresistance (MR) ratios of up to 70% at room temperature (RT). However, these relatively small MR ratios were considered to severely limit the feasibility of spintronic device applications. Fortunately, novel MTJs with a crystalline magnesium-oxide (MgO) tunnel barrier were developed recently and found to exhibit giant MR ratios above 400% at RT. In this article, we introduce recent studies on physics and applications of coherent spin-dependent tunneling in MgO-based MTJs.
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Kazuo Fujikawa
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
163-171
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The Berry's adiabatic phase is formulated as purely dynamical, namely, as an approximate diagonalization of the effective Hamiltonian. The appearance of a spurious magnetic monopole and its disappearance in the infinitesimal neighborhood of level crossing are explained. The basic differences of various similar phases in physics are emphasized. Mathematically, the hidden local gauge symmetry, which arises from the arbitrariness of the choice of coordinates in the functional space, controls all the geometric phases including non-adiabatic and mixed state geometric phases.
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Tokuei Sako
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
171-179
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Highly excited vibrational states of polyatomic molecules are known to have complicated level structures and exotic vibrational modes, which are caused by strong nonlinear interactions among normal modes. These physical systems have attracted great interests in recent years not only from traditional molecular spectroscopy and chemical reaction dynamics but also from the quantum-classical correspondence in nonlinear chaotic dynamics. In this article a Lie algebraic approach originated in nuclear physics is introduced and extended in molecular vibrational spectroscopy to be capable of treating the highly excited vibrational states. It is discussed how the extended theoretical model is used to extract the vibrational dynamics from experimental spectra.
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Akira Yamazaki, Hideyuki Yoshimura, Goo-Hwan Jeong, Yoshihiro Kobayash ...
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
180-184
Published: March 05, 2007
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Proteins, whose amino acid sequences are coded by DNA, have uniform conformations even if they have enormous molecular weight. Ferritin is a spherical protein with a nano-size cavity in which iron oxide is stored in vivo. Recently, it has been found that ferritin uptakes various materials into the cavity and forms nano-particles in vitro. Because the diameter of the cavity is defined, the size distribution of the nano-particles becomes uniform. In this review, we will introduce carbon nanotube growth with nano-particle catalysts obtained from ferritin. The relation between nano-particle size and the carbon nanotube diameter will be discussed.
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Junji Watanabe, Shuich Kinoshita
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
185-188
Published: March 05, 2007
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We have investigated the quasielastic light scattering spectrum of a potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystal. As the temperature approaches the ferroelectric phase-transition temperature, the Stokes-to-anti-Stokes intensity ratio clearly deviates from the Boltzmann factor approaching unity. The result is discussed in relation to the quantum and classical behaviors of the fluctuations in materials.
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Koichi Kindo
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
189-192
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Masaki Sugiura
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
193-194
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Masako Bando
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
194-196
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Tokonatsu Yamamoto
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
197-198
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Yasushi Watanabe, Hideo Nitta
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
199-201
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Naoshi Sugiyama
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
201-203
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Hiroyuki Shiba
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
203-205
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Koichi Maruyama
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
206-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
207-208
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
209-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
210-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2007 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
211-
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Article type: Appendix
2007 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
211-212
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2007 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
213-
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Article type: Appendix
2007 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
214-218
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Article type: Appendix
2007 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
218-219
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[in Japanese]
2007 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
219-
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Article type: Appendix
2007 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
220-
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Article type: Appendix
2007 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
221-226
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Article type: Appendix
2007 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2007 Volume 62 Issue 3 Pages
227-228
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