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Article type: Cover
2005 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Index
2005 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Index
2005 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages
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Yasuo Suzuki
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages
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Hiroshi Toki
2005 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages
248-253
Published: April 05, 2005
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Japan contributes significantly to the development of Nuclear Physics from its dawn. The Saturn model of Hantaro Nagaoka of Atom in 1903 was the prediction of Nucleus. The meson theory of Hideki Yukawa in 1935 was the suggestion of the nuclear force between nucleons by exchanging a meson. The construction of cyclotrons in Osaka University and in RIKEN in 1937 made possible the experimental research at the forefront. Based on these great achievements of forerunners, Nuclear Physics is developing as Japan is the leading country in the research field.
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Yukikazu Itikawa
2005 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages
253-261
Published: April 05, 2005
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The atomic and molecular physics in Japan in recent 100 years is reviewed with showing several examples of theoretical and experimental research. Starting with H. Nagaoka's Saturnian model of atoms, two early examples of experiments (one in spectroscopy and the other in molecular collisions) are presented to show the activity in the years before the War. After the WWII, the field of atomic and molecular physics is dramatically widened by the interaction with Big Sciences and/or the development of new experimental techniques. As a representative, three topics are chosen : highly charged ions, antiprotonic helium atoms, and electron-impact dissociation of polyatomic molecules.
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Izumi Hachisu
2005 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages
262-270
Published: April 05, 2005
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I review our two binary systems for promising channels to Type Ia supernovae : one is a supersoft X-ray source binary system consisting of a white dwarf and a near main-sequence star that fills the Roche lobe. The other is a symbiotic binary system consisting of a white dwarf and a low mass red-giant that fills the Roche lobe. In the both channels, strong winds from accreting white dwarfs play a key role in the way that white dwarfs grow in mass to the Chandrasekhar mass limit and explode as a Type Ia supernova. It is found that white dwarfs in recurrent novae are as massive as the Chandrasekhar mass limit and are now growing in mass. Therefore, many of the recurrent novae are immediate progenitors of Type Ia supernovae, corresponding to our two binary systems just before a Type Ia supernova explosion. We have also identified two objects in the strong wind phase of mass accreting white dwarfs : RX J0513.9-6951 in the Large Magellanic Cloud and V Sge in the Galaxy. These findings strongly support our two channels to Type Ia supernovae.
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Takashi Nakamura, Ryo Yamazaki
2005 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages
271-280
Published: April 05, 2005
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Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are intense astrophysical phenomena of high energy (∿250 keV) gamma-rays whose typical duration are 0.01-300s. Since their discovery, their nature has been unknown. Recently, they have been clarified through both theoretical and observational developments. In the current standard scenario, GRBs take place at cosmological distance, and therefore, the most violent explosive phenomena in the universe, and arise from the ultra-relativistic jets launched by the unknown central engine. In this article, we review the standard scenario along the GRB research history and some related topics such as an application to the cosmology.
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Youichi Isozumi, Keisuke Ohashi, Norisuke Sakai, Muneto Nitta
2005 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages
281-284
Published: April 05, 2005
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Recent progress in studying solitons, especially domain walls are reviewed. In the U(Nc) gauge theory with 8 supercharges, the moduli space of domain walls is found to be the complex Grassmann manifold. Domain walls can exist in the Higgs phase where new interesting phenomena arise for solitons in general. For instance the magnetic monopole accompanies vortex strings to become a composite soliton.
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Yumino Hayase
2005 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages
285-289
Published: April 05, 2005
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We study experimentally and theoretically the influence of noise on the fractions of CO and oxygen in the constant gas flow directed at an Ir(111) surface during CO oxidation. In the region of parameters where one has a stationary hysteresis loop deterministically, we find interesting phenomena such as long transition and noise-induced bursts.
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Tohru Okuzono, Yuka Tabe, Hiroshi Yokoyama
2005 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages
289-293
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When a liquid-crystalline monolayer composed of photoreactive molecules is illuminated with weak polarized light, traveling waves with respect to the molecular orientation (orientational waves) are observed. This spatio-temporal pattern formation is recognized as a typical nonequilibrium phenomenon observed in soft condensed matter. We construct a phenomenological continuum model which well reproduces qualitatively features of the phenomenon. This model says that the orientational waves are formed as a result of an interplay between the spontaneous splay deformation of orientation and the anisotropy of photo-excitation.
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Koji Tsukamoto, Sachie Higuchi, Makoto Kano
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages
294-297
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Kayo Matsushita
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages
297-300
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages
300-
Published: April 05, 2005
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages
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Takeshi Udagawa, Junichi Yokoyama
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages
301-302
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages
302-303
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages
303-304
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages
304-305
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages
305-312
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages
312-313
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages
315-323
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages
326-328
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages
332-333
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 60 Issue 4 Pages
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