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Article type: Cover
2012 Volume 67 Issue 9 Pages
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Published: September 05, 2012
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Article type: Index
2012 Volume 67 Issue 9 Pages
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Article type: Index
2012 Volume 67 Issue 9 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2012 Volume 67 Issue 9 Pages
611-614
Published: September 05, 2012
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Hiroshi Ishiwara
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 9 Pages
615-
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Hideki Hamagaki, Masayuki Asakawa
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 9 Pages
616-624
Published: September 05, 2012
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Quarks and gluons, fundamental fermions and bosons in strong interaction, are confined inside hadrons and are not observed as isolated entities in the present universe. Early universe within several micro-seconds after its birth was ultra-hot and was in the form of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), with quarks and gluons freed from confinement. Studies aiming at realizing QGP and investigating its properties in laboratories have been performed using heavy-ion accelerators. From the investigations of last ten years at RHIC, it has been found that QGP is not a gaseous object where quarks and gluons are freely moving around, but a fluid state with the smallest specific shear viscosity in the world, whose origin is ascribed to their mutual interaction with the highest strength in the world. In this article, we will describe plainly how properties of QGP have been revealed.
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Yoshitaka Itow, Takashi Sako
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 9 Pages
625-635
Published: September 05, 2012
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To reveal the origin of Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays reaching 10^<20> eV precise knowledge of the air shower development is indispensible. LHCf is a dedicated experiment to measure the forward particle production in the hadronic interaction at Large Hadron Collider, CERN. LHC realizes particle collisions corresponding to the laboratory energy of 10^<17> eV. LHCf successfully completed the first operation at LHC and published the very forward photon spectra for 7 TeV collisions. This article introduces the background and recent results of the LHCf experiment.
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Jun-ichi Fukuda
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 9 Pages
636-640
Published: September 05, 2012
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A highly chiral liquid crystal exhibits an intricate ordered phase known as a cholesteric blue phase, as a result of frustrations induced by strong twist deformations. We show that when confined in a thin cell, such a liquid crystal can exhibit various exotic ordered structures highly different from those of bulk cholesteric blue phases. These structures include a lattice of Skyrmion excitations that have been attracting great interest in condensed matter physics.
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Tomo Tatsuno
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 9 Pages
640-644
Published: September 05, 2012
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Fully ionized plasmas seen in space and laboratory are rarefied, and local thermodynamical equilibrium cannot be assumed unlike conventional fluids, since particles' mean free path is longer than the typical spatial scale length. Therefore they require a theoretical framework such as Boltzmann equation for solving velocity distribution function at each position. In such systems turbulence proceeds in phase space, and it is important to understand the creation mechanism of velocity space structures. This manuscript summarizes recent developments of phase-space turbulence of electrostatic, two-dimensional fluctuations in magnetized plasmas.
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Koji Inoue, Yasuo Shimizu, Hisashi Takamizawa
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 9 Pages
645-649
Published: September 05, 2012
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Atom probe tomography is a powerful method for obtaining three-dimensional positions of individual atoms in materials with nearly atomic-scale resolution, by removing atoms one by one from the apex of needle specimens using field evaporation. Recent development of pulsed-laser atom probe tomography enables to expand not only to metals but also to semiconductor and insulator materials. In this article, dopant distribution analysis in semiconductor materials including metal-oxide-semiconductor transistors is presented.
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Keiji Saito
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 9 Pages
650-653
Published: September 05, 2012
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Additivity is one of the most crucial properties in equilibrium thermodynamics. Bodineau and Derrida recently predicted the similar concept in transport, and it has triggered many discussions as to the validity. Here we approach this issue with specific models.
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Tsuneya Ando
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 9 Pages
654-655
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[in Japanese]
2012 Volume 67 Issue 9 Pages
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[in Japanese]
2012 Volume 67 Issue 9 Pages
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Fujio Takeutchi, Daniel Sillou
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 9 Pages
657-658
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Akira Ando
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 9 Pages
658-
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Nobuyuki Osakabe
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 9 Pages
659-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 9 Pages
660-
Published: September 05, 2012
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2012 Volume 67 Issue 9 Pages
660-661
Published: September 05, 2012
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2012 Volume 67 Issue 9 Pages
661-662
Published: 2012
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Article type: Appendix
2012 Volume 67 Issue 9 Pages
662-669
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Article type: Appendix
2012 Volume 67 Issue 9 Pages
670-
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[in Japanese]
2012 Volume 67 Issue 9 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2012 Volume 67 Issue 9 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2012 Volume 67 Issue 9 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2012 Volume 67 Issue 9 Pages
675-676
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