Butsuri
Online ISSN : 2423-8872
Print ISSN : 0029-0181
ISSN-L : 0029-0181
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Volume 77, Issue 2
Displaying 1-24 of 24 articles from this issue
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Preface
Contents
Overview Articles
  • New Stream in Nuclear Astrophysics and High Density QCD
    Toru Kojo
    Article type: Overview Articles
    2022 Volume 77 Issue 2 Pages 74-82
    Published: February 05, 2022
    Released on J-STAGE: February 05, 2022
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.77.2_74
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Neutron stars are cosmic laboratories to study dense matter in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). The observable mass-radius relations of neutron stars have one-to-one correspondence with QCD equations of state, which in turn lead to the understanding of QCD matter. In the last decade there have been historical discoveries in neutron stars, the discoveries of two-solar mass neutron stars and neutron star merger events. These findings pose theoretical challenges in descriptions of dense QCD. In this article we briefly go over recent observations and discuss their implications for dense QCD.

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Researches
  • Neutron Crystallography for the Understanding of Enzymatic Mechanisms
    Yohta Fukuda, Yu Hirano, Tsuyoshi Inoue, Taro Tamada
    Article type: Researches
    2022 Volume 77 Issue 2 Pages 83-87
    Published: February 05, 2022
    Released on J-STAGE: February 05, 2022
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.77.2_83
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    By using neutron crystallography, we determined the precise three-dimensional structure of a copper-containing nitrite reductase (CuNIR), a protein enzyme involved in the nitrogen cycle. Our data visualizes the positions of hydrogen atoms at the catalytic site and a hydroxide-bound state of CuNIR, which has been proposed by quantum chemical calculations. Other experimental findings including a tight hydrogen bond on a possible electron transfer pathway also supports previous results from theoretical chemistry.

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  • Quantum Many-Body Physics of Open Systems in Ultracold Atoms
    Masaya Nakagawa, Naoto Tsuji, Norio Kawakami, Masahito Ueda
    Article type: Researches
    2022 Volume 77 Issue 2 Pages 88-92
    Published: February 05, 2022
    Released on J-STAGE: February 05, 2022
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.77.2_88
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Recent progress in quantum simulations with ultracold atoms has enabled studies of open quantum many-body systems with unprecedented controllability. We discuss many-body phenomena emerging from dissipative processes such as dissipation-induced magnetism in the Hubbard model and an exotic renormalization-group flow in the Kondo model.

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  • Metallurgical Study of a Japanese Sword by Using Neutrons and Muons
    Yoshiaki Kiyanagi
    Article type: Researches
    2022 Volume 77 Issue 2 Pages 93-98
    Published: February 05, 2022
    Released on J-STAGE: February 05, 2022
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11316/butsuri.77.2_93
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Japanese swords are an interesting research object from the metallurgical point of view since characteristics and making process have not been fully elucidated. To a Muromachi era sword, we applied, as nondestructive methods, a neutron Bragg edge transmission method to obtain space dependent crystallographic information, and a muon decay method to obtain carbon content. Crystallographic characteristics were inhomogeneous and carbon content was low. The results suggest existence of two types of iron, low carbon iron in body and higher carbon at the edge.

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