-
Article type: Cover
2011 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages
Cover1-
Published: January 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2020
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Index
2011 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages
Toc1-
Published: January 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2020
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Index
2011 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages
Toc3-
Published: January 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2020
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages
1-4
Published: January 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2020
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Shoji Nagamiya
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages
5-
Published: January 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2020
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Atsushi Nakamura
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages
6-12
Published: January 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2020
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
As is well known, electron system realizes many interesting phenomema especially when they make a Fermi surface. A system at finite quark number density may show similar or even more interesting phenomena such as the color super conductivity, confining/deconfining phases, quarkyonic phase etc. Such high baryon density states are not only a fun for theoretical physicists, but they are experimentally searched for in heavy-ion collisions, are expected to be in neutron stars, and at the last stage of the star evolution. In heavy nuclei may exotic phenomena occur because the baryonic density there is finite. The quark-gluon interaction is strong, non-Abelian and of many degrees of freedom (colors and flavors). There are many analyses and predictions of such system, especially on the critical point in the QCD phase diagram, but because of the nontrivial features of the interaction, they remain as a phenomenological level. A first-principle calculation based on QCD is wanted, but due to the "sign problem", the direct numerical Monte Carlo simulation fails. In this review we discuss where the sign problem comes from, and describes several trials/approaches to escape from or to beat the sign problem, i.e., two color QCD, the multiparameter reweighting method, Taylor expansion, the imaginary chemical potential, the finite iso-spin, and Langevin simulations. It is also argued that analytical methods, such as the strong coupling expansion and the random matrix study are also important to understand simulation results.
View full abstract
-
Keizo Ishii
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages
12-19
Published: January 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2020
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
When charged particles collide with atoms, atomic inner shell electrons are ionized and characteristic X-rays are produced. This phenomenon is called Particle Induced X-ray Emission: PIXE. In the case of K-shell ionization, the ionization process can be theoretically explained very well and the cross-sections follow a scaling law. Since the production cross-sections of characteristic X-rays in PIXE is very large, PIXE can be applied to trace element analysis and uranium from sodium can be simultaneously detected with sensitivity of ppb. Scanning ion beams, we can obtain a concentration distribution of an element contained in a sample as a picture. Furthermore, when micro beams are used, the distributions of elements inside a cell can be investigated. Moreover, when a metal target is irradiated by micro-beams, a point source of characteristic X-rays is made and the development of micron CT with quasimonochromatic X-rays becomes possible. By this micron CT, we can observe the inside of a small living animal body.
View full abstract
-
Hideyuki Oide, Hidetoshi Otono, Satoru Yamashita
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages
20-28
Published: January 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2020
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
"Pixelated Photon Detector" recently developed, named as SiPM or MPPC so on, is a new type of photon detectors with a number of finely pixelized photo-diodes to be operated at Geiger-mode. A new and innovative feature of the detector is to measure the number of photons by means of counting the number of pixels hit by the injected photons. In this report, we summarize the principles, structure and performance of the detector presently available, issues to be solved, and introduce the status of actual use in physics experiments and R & D's ongoing worldwide.
View full abstract
-
Hirotaka Sugawara
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages
29-37
Published: January 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2020
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Hidetoshi Fukuyama
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages
37-39
Published: January 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2020
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Akito Arima
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages
39-41
Published: January 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2020
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Shinichi Watanabe, Alexander P. Itin
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages
42-45
Published: January 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2020
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
By resonantly associating laser-cooled atoms, it is now possible to produce diatomic molecules referred to as Fano-Feshbach molecules. The absolute ground state of a polar molecule having been achieved with the Fano-Feshbach molecule as a seed, the coldmolecule production, owing to its groundbreaking opportinities, is attracting much attention. However, the molecular production takes place amongst many ultracold atoms, thus necessitating the examination of the many-particle effect. We present how the behavior based on the famous two-state Landau-Zener formula for the "atom+atom" and "diatom" states gets modified due to the nonlinear dynamics of many atoms which tends to soften the adiabaticity.
View full abstract
-
Manabu Tsujimoto, Kazuo Kadowaki
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages
46-50
Published: January 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2020
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Strong, coherent and continuous terahertz electromagnetic waves (1THz=10^<12>Hz) emitted from a single crystal mesa structure of cuprate high-T_c superconductor Bi_2Sr_2CaCu_2O_<8+δ>(Bi-2212) was reported in 2007. This emission phenomenon is interesting because it provides us with a way of directly observing the CuO_2 electronic state through the collective excitations in high-T_c superconductivity and simultaneously because it is expected to make effective applications as continuous and coherent THz sources of electromagnetic waves. Here, we describe mainly the principle of the terahertz emission as well as the characteristic features of the collective excitation modes in high-T_c superconductors.
View full abstract
-
Norihiro Mizohata, Leonard F. Mattheiss
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages
51-53
Published: January 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2020
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Arisato Kawabata
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages
54-56
Published: January 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2020
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
2011 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages
57-
Published: January 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2020
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
2011 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages
57-58
Published: 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2020
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Yutaka Shikano
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages
58-59
Published: January 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2020
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Hajime Kubota
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages
60-61
Published: January 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2020
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Yasushi Ikebe
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages
61-63
Published: January 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2020
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Miki Wadati
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages
64-
Published: January 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2020
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages
65-67
Published: January 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2020
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages
67-
Published: January 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2020
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages
67-68
Published: January 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2020
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2011 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages
68-
Published: January 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2020
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages
69-
Published: January 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2020
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages
69-72
Published: January 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2020
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages
72-
Published: January 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2020
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
[in Japanese]
2011 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages
73-
Published: January 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2020
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages
74-
Published: January 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2020
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages
75-76
Published: January 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2020
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages
79-
Published: January 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2020
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages
80-83
Published: January 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2020
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Article type: Appendix
2011 Volume 66 Issue 1 Pages
84-
Published: January 05, 2011
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2020
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS