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Article type: Cover
2005 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Index
2005 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
Toc1-
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Article type: Index
2005 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
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Miki Wadati
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
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Takaya Ohashi, Ken-ichi Kubo
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
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Akira Tonomura
2005 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
3-11
Published: January 05, 2005
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Quantum mechanics established during the 1920s brought about debates from many scientists including A. Einstein. However, hypotheses were experimentally validated, and quantum mechanics is now the basis for nearly all the microscopic theories of elementary particles, nuclear physics, chemistry, and biology. Nonetheless, all the questions occurring in the past debates have not been settled. On occasion quantum mechanics is treated as a black box, and the discussions of those days are no longer included in textbooks. Thanks to the progress in advanced technologies for the past 30 years, however, some fundamental experiments in quantum mechanics, once regarded as "thought experiments, " have become feasible to carry out, and the discussions have been revived in the light of experimental results. I will look back over, this progress from the standpoint of Japanese contributions.
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Ken Suzuki, Kenta Itahashi, Satoru Hirenzaki, Ryugo Hayano
2005 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
12-19
Published: January 05, 2005
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Spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry is believed to be the mechanism which endows nucleons their large masses. The order parameter of the symmetry breaking is the' chiral condensate, whose magnitude is predicted to decrease linearly as the nuclear density is increased. ' The reduction of quark condensate was quantitatively studied from recent precise measurement of deeply bound pionic Is states " on three tin (Sn) isotopes. We made use of the Gell-Mann-Oakes-Renner relation which connects the magnitude of quark-codensate to a pion decay constant, and then used the Tomozawa-Wemberg relation which relates the pion decay constant to an isovector strength of the pion-nucleus potential. The potential strength was determined by fitting the measured pionic Is-state binding energies. The result shows that the quark-condensate strength is reduced by about 35% at normal nuclear density, compared with the "vacuum" value obtained from pionic hydrogen X-ray measurements This is the first quantitative deduction of the quark condensate modification at finite nuclear density, and is an important step towards understanding the origin of hadron masses.
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Masaki Fukushima
2005 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
20-27
Published: January 05, 2005
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Ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) exceeding the energy of 10
20eV are entering the Earth and are observed as an intensive air shower by AGASA, H
1Res and other experiments Their origin is expected to be the high energy astronomical object out of our galaxy but no particular source is identified in their arrival direction. The origin of such UHECRs remains a mystery. Moreover, the measurement of AGASA indicates that the energy spectrum continues beyond the GZK. Cutoff expected from the interaction of cosmic ray protons with the microwave background The recent result of H
1Res air fluorescence telescope, however, does not support the AGASA's claim Two large hybrid detectors, the Pierre Auger Observatory and the Telescope Array, are being built in Argentina and the US in order to confirm or refute the high flux of UHECRs observed by AGASA An observation by the space-based telescope, EUSO, is also planned. We expect that new measurements will soon resolve the puzzles existing in the generation and propagation of UHECRs in the Universe. It may lead us to a new physics beyond the standard theory of elementary particles and the cosmology.
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Motohiro Suyama, Junji Haba
2005 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
28-34
Published: January 05, 2005
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Photon detection has been playing an important role in the various fields of scientific researches. Among many photon detectors developed so far, an electron bombardment (EB) photon sensor attracts wider interests these days. In the sensor, the photo electrons emitted from the photocathode are accelerated and focused on the semiconductor device, where the electrons would generate thousands of electron-hole pairs corresponding to the energy of the bombarded electrons. Thanks to the large gain of this process with less fluctuation, the sensor has a very good sensitivity for single photon counting. In this article, the operational principle and its key elements of the sensor are described together with some performances of the sensors developed recently.
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Tatsuki Oda
2005 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
35-39
Published: January 05, 2005
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We introduce a new method of studying magnetic materials, first principles molecular dynamics applicable to non-collmear magnetism. This kind of methods has been required to study new materials at research, design, and analysis. Our method and other ones, that can cover both collinear and non-collinear, would open a door to various applications in magnetism In this review, we describe properties of the method through the examples of non-collinear iron clusters and the simulation of liquid oxygen.
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Naoki Watanabe, Akira Kouchi
2005 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
39-44
Published: January 05, 2005
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The evolution of CO molecules on the interstellar dusts was investigated expenmentally. The CO molecule was found to likely evolve into H
2CO and subsequently into CH
3OH by successive hydrogenation on the dusts even below 20K. In the center of dense molecular clouds, the hydrogenation would proceed via tunneling reactions and be more efficient than other processes such as photolysis and charged-particle bombardments.
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Naoto Yagi
2005 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
44-48
Published: January 05, 2005
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X-ray diffraction was recorded from a rat heart and analyzed using the fiber orientation in the heart. Using this technique, dynamical behavior of cardiac contractile proteins can be studied in a live animal
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Yasushi Watanabe, Roy Lang, Toshio Hyodo
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
49-52
Published: January 05, 2005
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Kazuo Kitahara, Masatoshi Namiki
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
52-55
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Yoji Totsuka
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
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Seiya Abiko
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
57-58
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
59-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
59-60
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
60-61
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
61-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
62-63
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Article type: Article
2005 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
63-
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
64-66
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
68-69
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
71-80
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 60 Issue 1 Pages
81-82
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