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Article type: Cover
2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Index
2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Index
2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
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Masatoshi Namiki
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
415-416
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Tsutomu Kambe
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
417-
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Brief description is given about what is meant by the series title, World of Physics General.
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Koichi Shimoda
2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
418-421
Published: June 05, 2005
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Following the electromagnetic theory by Professor Imai, electromagnetism is reconsidered. Paradoxes on the reaction of Lorentz force and some peculiar properties of the Poynting. vector are discussed. It is suggested finally that an electromagnetic theory based on the action through medium can be formulated, where the vector potential plays a fundamental role rather than field vectors.
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Hiroshi Ezawa
2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
422-428
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Many great physicists write in their later years about what physics is or how physics should be. It is attempted to expose aspects of general structure of physics by quoting passages from their writings. H. Yukawa, in his Lectures on Physics talks about how Newton was led by his belief in the God and the world order. In his What is Physics? S. Tomonaga strived to dig out logic in the historical developments of the theory of heat and the atomistic views. Illustration is given by R. P. Feynman in his Character of Physical Laws of the irreversibility and the role of temperature in terms of a simple machine of ratchet-wheel connected with vanes exposed to gas molecules. I. Imai, in his Introduction to Physics in a New Perspective, discusses how intuitively physics can be built up if conservation laws are taken as the basic principles. The thought is illustrated by a proof that the force on a current in a magnetic field is independent of the magnetic permeability of the conductor carrying the current. Finally, H. Takahashi's approach to General Structure of Physics is exposed with an example of the dispersion relation for general linear response.
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Ryuji Takaki
2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
429-434
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Basic concepts of fluid dynamics are explained and some unsolved physical problems are suggested. First, a condition is given for an ensemble of molecules to be looked upon as a fluid. Then, meanings of governing equation and boundary condition are explained. The nonlinearity of fluid motion is discussed. As a particular topic an illustration of the quantum fluid is given. Finally, a future prospect is suggested.
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Michio Yamada
2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
434-440
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The late professor Imai proposed an idea of 'Fluid Dynamical Mathematics' in which one understands and studies mathematical concepts with interpretations in terms of fluid dynamics. Recent progress in numerical methods has had a profound influence on the relation between fluid dynamics and its applied fields. Enormous amont of numerical results in such fields require their physical interpretation and understandings. A new role of fluid dynamics may be to provide physically fundamental and systematic results for those various flows never studied in detail so far in each of those research fields.
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Osamu Sano
2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
440-446
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Fluid mechanics, which connects Newton's law of mechanics and field theory, or statistical mechanics, is one of the best approaches to interdisciplinary fields of physics in general. In highly specialized and advanced present-day physics, "granular materials, " which interlace microscopic and macroscopic worlds, cast difficult problems. Challenges to mesoscopic systems, their backgrounds, meaning in physics, industrial applications, and prediction of natural disasters are discussed.
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Junji Watanabe
2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
447-452
Published: June 05, 2005
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In biological systems, there are many rod-like molecules which can form the liquid crystals. These molecules are widely distributed in the skeletal systems, including plant cells, insect cuticles, bone and cornea and are packed into the helical twisted structure as in the cholesteric liquid crystal, leading to the hypothesis that the molecules are oriented by self-assembly during a cholesteric liquid crystalline phase. The beautiful iridescent colors observed in some beetles are due to the selective reflection of visible lights by the periodical helical structure.
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Tomokazu Yasuike, Kiyohiko Someda
2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
453-456
Published: June 05, 2005
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Intense laser fields give rise to distortion of electron clouds, and molecules would bear novel characters. We show that He-He comes to have a strong chemical bond in intense laser fields. The formation of He-He chemical bond is ascribable to light-induced hybridization of atomic orbitals. The estimated ionization lifetime is sufficiently long for formation of discrete vibrational levels. Spectroscopic detection of He
2 is possible in principle.
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Yoshinori Katayama
2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
456-460
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By means of in-situ high-temperature and high-pressure experiment, we found two distinct structures of molten phosphorus, one is a molecular fluid and the other is a polymeric liquid, and an abrupt and reversible structural transformation between them at about 1GPa. Further investigations revealed that the two structures have different densities and they separate macroscopically during the transformation. These results support a view that this change is an extremely rare example of a first-order phase transition between two stable disordered phases besides liquid-gas transition.
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Hajime Tanaka, Rei Kurita
2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
461-465
Published: June 05, 2005
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Contrary to the conventional wisdom that there is only one unique liquid state for any material, recently there have been a number of experiments suggesting that there can be more than two liquid states even for a single-component substance. The transition between these liquid states is called the liquid-liquid transition. Here we review recent developments on this interesting phenomenon. We also discuss the relation of the liquid-liquid transition to other mysterious phenomena in liquid science including the liquid-glass transition and anomalies in water.
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Survey Analysis Committee of Research Environment of JPS Members
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
466-470
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Eizo Ohno
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
471-474
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
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[in Japanese]
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2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
475-476
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
476-477
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
477-478
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
478-487
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
487-489
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
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2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
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2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
498-513
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2005 Volume 60 Issue 6 Pages
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