All issues
Volume 22, Issue 3-4
Displaying 51-64 of 64 articles from this issue
-
Isamu BABA, Yasuo TAKAHASHI, Iwaho IWATA, Katsumi INADA1954 Volume 22 Issue 3-4 Pages 111-112
Published: June 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRice plants were grown on the soil of a pabby field where habitual occurrence of the "Akagare" disease was seen. Different conditions were given to the plants as regard to the temperature of the irrigation water and supply of potassium or starch to the soil. The results of the experiment are as follows:- (1) Depletion of potassium, supplying starch to the soil, and exposing the plant to warm irrigation water (36-39°C) without potassium supply, all caused retarded growth both in the top and in the root, resulting in increased affection by the disease. (2) Supplying starch to the soil increased the per cent content of FeO, and decreased the content of K2O, MnO and especially, soluble MnO in the plants. The soluble-N/protein-N ratio of the leaf blade was increased by the same treatment. (3) The Eh value of the expressed shoot sap was lowered both by depletion of potassium and by application of starch. (4) The occurrence of the disease seemed to be highly correlative to the decrease of K2O/N ratio in the leaf blade.View full abstractDownload PDF (439K) -
Seiko SUGAWARA1954 Volume 22 Issue 3-4 Pages 113-114
Published: June 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAbsorption of water, loss in nutrient contents and amylase activity of rece seeds during the long-time presoaking treatment were investrgated. The results obtained are as follows : 1) Seeds which are supposed to have strong vitality, as judged from their original location on the mother panicle, are able to absorp water more rapidly than weak grins. 2) The loss of seed contents from the seeds as determined by the decrease of dry-weight during the treatment differs with the different groups of seeds obtained form the different locations on panicle. Sudden inerease of dry-weight loss was observed during April, due apparently to higher temperature. 3) High amylase aetivity was observed in the treated sample of seeds as compared with the control.View full abstractDownload PDF (393K) -
Singo ITO, Toshaki NAKAMURA1954 Volume 22 Issue 3-4 Pages 115-116
Published: June 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeedlings of pabby rice plants of varieties Norin No. 1, Shingyoku anb Kamezi, barley plants of Kingyoku anb Kobinkatagi, anb wheat plants of No. 50, Norin No. 69, and Saitama No. 27, all grown on soil were transplanted at the stage of growth with three tillers into test tubes eontaining solutions of the concentration of 10-^2, 10-^3, 10-^4 anb 10-^5 normals of iron anb aluminum ion. The varieties having small value of critical reaction in epidermal protoplasm of roots showed great resistance to toxic action of high concentration of iron and aluminum ions. But those having larger values were weaker. Low concentration of iron anb aluminium ions always promoted the growth of the plants. The concentration to promote the growth varied according to the plant and the variety. The growth of the shoot of Norin No. 50 and Norin No. 69 of wheat plant was accelerated in the 10-^4 and 10-^5 normal solution, of iron, while all other varieties were subjected to the toxic action. The growth of the root of all varieties, on the other hand, was subjected to toxic action whenever they were cultured in the 10-^5 normal solution of iron. When aluminium was used, the growth of top and root of Norin No. 69 of wheat was promoted in the 10-^3 normal solution, whereas Saitama No. 27 of wheat was equally promoted in 10-^4 normal solution. Norin No. 50 of wheat showed intermediate response, being promoted in both of those solutions. The bariey varieties Kingyoku anb Kobinkatagi were slightly promoted in growth in the 10-^5 normal solution.View full abstractDownload PDF (430K) -
Isao SUETSUGU, Ichiryo ANAGUCHI1954 Volume 22 Issue 3-4 Pages 117-118
Published: June 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe plant growth of soy-bean at the seedling stage is influenced by the size of seed, and the after effects of seed size continue for the whole life when the seed is planted on a poor field or the early variety is used. The plant growth is affected by cutting-off treatment of the seed before seeding. But there is no differences in the growth and yield ability between the large and the small seeds when the former is cut off to the same size as the latter.The influence of cutting-off cotyledons after germination is as follows: i) The earlier the cutting time or the beeper the part cut off, the more evitent the effect; ii) The nutritive function of the cotyledons continues at least for 5 days after germination.View full abstractDownload PDF (462K) -
Yoshinobu SHIRASAWA1954 Volume 22 Issue 3-4 Pages 119-120
Published: June 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS(1) As the planting distance of soy-bean from the rice stand, becomes greater, the former shows better growing and ripening condition. However, on the contrary, rice shows poor conditions both in growing and ripening. There was not a difference on ripening and growing of soy-bean on both "the east-west ridge "and" the south-north ridge". (2) Soy-bean planting on the ridge affected rice crops only little in the 3rd row of the latter, but distinct effects were observed in the 1st and 2nd row of rice in the experimental plots with 6", 8" and 10" of distance. (3) From the standpoint of yleld, nutrients and income raised from soy-bean cultivation, it is presumed profitable to grow soy-dean on the ridge of paddy-field, since decreasbd rice yield would be met by income from soy-bean.View full abstractDownload PDF (368K) -
Chiukichi ENDO1954 Volume 22 Issue 3-4 Pages 121-122
Published: June 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSome of the characteristics of starch alteration have been studied by microchemical method. In dormant tubers, as were well known, microchemical evidence was in favor of polysaccharid formation rather than of its decomposition, while several parts of a stimulated bud region (Fig.1) examined were not always uniform in the reaction with dilute iodine acetic acid. When exposed to high temperature (35°C-40°C) the characteristic iodine color of the polysaccharides synthesized was clearly recognized as seen in later stage of tuber formation, while the starch decomposition occurs along small vascular route (a in Fig. 1). Sprouted tubers stained the same shade with iodine in this parts. Further suggestive evidence indicating that the relationship between the phosphorylase activity and preventive effect of cell sap may be closely established was seen microscopically by glucose-I-phosphate reaction on starved slices. Juice obtained from dormant tubers seems to prevent the supply of essential elements which is required for the release of rest nucleus. In view of starches stained with a variety of iodine acids, it is reasonable to state that dormant tubers has a disposition to form polysaccharide, establishing gradually an equilibrium with hydrolysis in adjacent tissue. Within the length from 0.2 mm to 0.5 mm, a mere release of dormant buds can be caused at any time more easily than is expected. Synthetic disposition, however, harness the high tempreratures with drought to force it into re-dormancy, as seen summer crops. Inhibitory cell juice seems to me as a resultant colloidal compound. Thus the release phenomena can not be explained on the basis of specific inhibitor action alone. In view of correlative action of tubers, data observed leads to the conclusion that the dormancy might be due to interprevention of metabolic processes in bud and adjacent part, each involving hydrolysis and synthesis. On the other hand, addition of cell sap of dormant tubers (Fig. 1 b and c) results in marked prevention of discolorment of iode-starch complex which has been found to be altered with juice of tubers stimulated by ethylen chlorhydrin or cut wounld (Table 1 and 2). Starch alteration might be expected to be a prerequisite for the postulated hydrolysis with enzyme. Specific inhibitory effect seems to be brought about by combined action of several factors involved in protoplasm. The experiments on protein hydrolysis strongly suggdst that a portion of the effect produced by inhibitory juice of stimulated tubers when exposed to 50°C may be explained on the basis of an enzyme inhibition.View full abstractDownload PDF (378K) -
Hiromi CHIBA, Kunio KAGAWA1954 Volume 22 Issue 3-4 Pages 123-124
Published: June 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS(1) Study was made on seasonal changes of moisture content, crude ash, crude fiber, ether extract, and vitamin C contained in leaves and stems. (2) Higher percentage of moisture was observed in leaves than in stems. However, at the beginning of the growth, the above relation was reversed, that is, the moisture was higher in stems than in leaves. (3) Larger percentage of crude ash was found in leaves than in stems. Quantity of crude ash in leaves was the largest in summer, and decreased afterwards. In stems, crude ash was abundant at the early stage of growth, and then decreased gradually. (4) Changes in lime content in stems were almost in parallel with that of crude ash, but phosphate in the leaves and stems decreased gradually. The Ca ratio of leaves and stems was 2.0-2.5 at the early stage of growth, which represents almost suitable ratio as a forage. (5) More ether extract was found in leaves than in stems. In leaves, it showed a slight increase in summer, but in stems it was almost constant throughout the perind of growth. (6) More crude fiber existed in stems than in leaves. In leaves, little changes were seen throughout the period of growth. In stems, however, crude fiber which was abundant at the beginning of growth, showed a temporary decrease, and again increased in and after summer. (7) Content of vitamin C (reducing type) in leaves was large at the early stage of growth.In summer, this showed a decrease, but increased again in autumn. Reducing type vitamin C was 50 % of the total vitamin C contained.View full abstractDownload PDF (415K) -
Hiromi CHIBA, Kunio KAGAWA1954 Volume 22 Issue 3-4 Pages 125-126
Published: June 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS(1) Study was made on weight of dry matter and ratio of leaves and stems, by dividing top of the plant into four parts, i. e., upper, middle and lower parts, and lateral branch. Chemical analysis was also conducted on leaves and stems. (2) The highest leaf-stem ratio was found in upper part (3.15). The ratio in middle part (1.00) ranked next, and reduction was seen in lateral branch (0.77) and lower part (0.08). The average ratio was 0.68. (3) As compared with stems, leaves contained more moisture content, protein, ether extract, and crude ash, and less crude fiber and nitrogen free extract. Remarkably higher T.P./C.P. was observed in leaves than in stems. (4) As compared with lower part of leaves, upper part of leaves contained more moisture, protein, ether extract and crude fiber, and less crude ash and nitrogen free extract. Upper part of stems contained more moisture, protein, ether extract and crude ash than lower part of stems, and less crude fiber and nitrogen free extract. High T.P./C.P. was observed in upper part of leaves and also in lower part of stems. (5) Ratio of carbohydrate against nitrogen free extract was high in stems, and low in leaves. Furthermore, the said ratio in both leaves and stems was high in lower part, and low in upper part, respectively. (6) Nutrient componentes in lateral branch and also in middle part of plant was about the middle of those in upper part and lower part. (7) The largest quantity of protein N was found in upper part of both leaves and stems, respectively, and least in lower part. In leaves, more protein N was found in middle part than in lateral branch, but in stems this relation was reverse. (8) As regards with various kinds of water soluble protein N contained in upper and middle part of leaves and of lateral branch, hot NaOH C2 H5 OH soluble nitrogen was most abundant, and water soluble nitrogen ranked next. In lower part, hot NaOH, C2 H5 OH was the largest, and NaOH soluble nitrogen followed next.View full abstractDownload PDF (457K) -
Ichiro ISHIBASHI1954 Volume 22 Issue 3-4 Pages 127-128
Published: June 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS(1) Correlations between the flower color and seed color: Varieties with deep colored flowers yield in general deep-colored seeds, and light color flowered varieties yield light-colored seeds. (2) Sesame varieties having purple spots with yellow speckles on the inner part of petals yield deep-colored seeds. (3) With regards to the characteristics in the leaf, stem, weight and germination capacity of seeds, and number of fruits, no significant results were obtained.View full abstractDownload PDF (354K) -
Rinpei KAWANISHI1954 Volume 22 Issue 3-4 Pages 129-130
Published: June 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSl) On the effect of transplanting upon the growth, and the oil content of seeds in relation to the variety, an investigation was made. 2) With regard to the height, stem weight and root weight, the transplanted plants were found inferior to the direct-planted. 3) The yields of the former were also worse than those of the latters. 4) With regard to the oil content of seeds, the varieties tested were found to be put in the following order decreasing in the oil percentage ; white sesme, brown sesame and blak sesame. 5) To classify the varieties into the yellow sesame and the brown sesame is considered to be natural not only morphologically but irigredientically, and consequenty, to be convenient for both practice of cultivation and technical guidance.View full abstractDownload PDF (532K) -
Jusuke HIRANO, Hidekazu MAEDA, Masashi AKAI1954 Volume 22 Issue 3-4 Pages 131-132
Published: June 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the purpose mainly of yield-forcasting of cotton, the authors made experimental reserches in 1939 to 1951, at Cotton Branch, Yamanashi Agricultural Experiment Station. In general, correlations of yield to monthly or accumulated monthly mean temperature and to quantity of sun shine were positive, while that to the precipitation was negative. The absolute values of the coefficient, however, being almost similar, and higher in earlier periods of growth, especially in the period of June to July, of July to August (exclusive of sun shine), and of July, while in later periods especially in August and August to September, they were lower. It may be almost possible to forcast the yield by measuring the following factors, namely the quantity of sun shine in May, May to June, gnd June to July ; precipitation in May to June, and June to July ; and mean temperature in June to July ; because regression coefficients of yield on these factors were altogether significant.View full abstractDownload PDF (420K) -
Haruo TOKOYAMA, Shigekata TAKAHASHI1954 Volume 22 Issue 3-4 Pages 133-135
Published: June 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. From the results of the field experiments with two pinds of herbicides (2, 4-D and MCPA) applied to the flax (variety Saginaw 2) crops carried for four years, we arrived to a conclusion that the growing process of flax should be divided into following four stages (Fig. 2) with regard to the formative effect to these herbicides. (a) Stem malformation stage (b) Branch malformation stage (c) Stem twisting stage (d) Branch twisting and sterility stage. Each stage of (a) and (c) has larger practical importance than the rest. The formative effect was larget in 2, 4-D than in MCPA and the latter was very small in the stage (a). 2. Industrial significance of such stem malformation was studied anatomically, with the results: i) Various malformations were found out at one point of some flax stem in the stage (a). The structure severely demaged is shown in Fig. 4 and such damaged portions will be a weak point in the process of harvesting and scutching. ii) The degrees of twisting and curving of stem were classified as shown in Fig. 3 and anatomical views of these stems were shown in Fig. 5. When the degree of curveture exceeds 3 (4, 5, 6 in Fig. 5), the deformation of fibre cells becomes severer and also forms a weak point. The distribution of damaged tissue in the abnormal stems is shown in Fig. 6 with the dotted area. 3. For the sake of avoiding malformation, it should be better to use MCPA than 2, 4-D, and apply it as early as possible to restrict curving at the base of stem, and thus the damage of the flax crop may be podsibly reduced withont much loss of the weed controlling effect of the chemical.View full abstractDownload PDF (804K) -
Sadao TAKAHASHI, Soroku UCHIMURA, Masatoshi OKUHIRO1954 Volume 22 Issue 3-4 Pages 136-138
Published: June 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe writers investigated the effects of air temperature upon the growth of mat-rush plant. The main results obtained were as follows: 1. The optimum temperature for tillering were found to exist between 20°C and 22.4°C. 2. Tillers which developed at the beginning of June were found to grow largest in length. 3. High temperatures at about a month before the time of differentiation of tiller buds which will grow into long and valuable stems was assumed to be most effective for promoting such differentiation.View full abstractDownload PDF (556K) -
Masatoshi OKUHIRO1954 Volume 22 Issue 3-4 Pages 139-140
Published: June 30, 1954
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. It was recognized that every treatment to soak the young plants of mat-rush for 24 hours in 0.001 %, 0.0001 % and 0.00001 % solution of α-naphtalene-acetic acid soda was effective for promoting root formation. 2. In 1951, the young plants grown in a paddy field were used. In l952, the young plants got from an upland field were used. In the former case, the effect was more distinct than in the latter. 3. In higher concentrations such as 0.01 % of the solution, the young plants obtained from a paddy field were registant and the number of roots formed was as large as that of the young plants of the untreated plot, while the young plants from upland field has resulted in very poor root formation.View full abstractDownload PDF (400K)