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Volume 34 (1965 - 196･･･
- Issue 4 Pages 367-
- Issue 3 Pages 237-
- Issue 2 Pages 109-
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Volume 34, Issue 2
Displaying 1-19 of 19 articles from this issue
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Tutomu UEWADA1965 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 109-113
Published: December 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe varieties, Norin No. 1, Kokei No. 14 and Gifu No. 1 were used for sample of root tuber of sweet potatoes in this experiment. The cut fresh was cut in to 5 different weights and rooting were observed at the temperatures of 30°C and 35°C and with the moisture content of more than 85%, The results are follows: (1) The cut fresh forms a number of callus on its surface after 5-10 days and begins to germinate. In this case, the formation of callus on the cut fresh is closely related with the fibrobascular bundle. (2) The ratio of germinated buds at the callus was about 10% of that of root germination. (3) The author tried to cultivate the sweet potatoes by planting the cut freshes in the field. It was well-ascertained that the root tuber of sweet potatoes could be tuberized even by that method. (4) Although there are some problems for keeping freeping free from rotting, for promoting germination in case planting cut freshes from root tuber of sweet potatoes. But it is remarkable to be abls to sprout and root tuberize from the cut freshes on the direct planting method.View full abstractDownload PDF (1519K) -
Hiroshi IKEDA, Yasuo TAKAHASHI1965 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 114-119
Published: December 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is the purpose of this paper to make clear the correlation between the quantity of growth and the plant height of annual summer forage crops, such as corn, sunflower, sudan grass and new sorgo, under various cultural conditions. Data were given from the several experiments on the cultures of these crops, carried out in 1963 and 1964. The results obtained are as follows: 1) The relations between the quantity of growth (W) and the plant height (H) during the whole growth periods are shown by a single log W∼log H regression line for each crop under a definite density, irrespective of some differences in cultural conditions, such as sowing time, amount of fertilizer and cutting treatments as far as the density is not too high. 2) The plant height of crops, therfore, can always be used for the estimation of soiling yields under the conditions above mentioned. 3) When corn was grown under high density, however, the log W∼log H regression line was bent (Fig. 3 (A) and Fig. 5). And the regression lines tended to segregate into different ones according to individual densities. 4) Estimation of the quantity of growth under high density and comparison of this among different densities by the plant height of crops, therefore, are not easy and not practical.View full abstractDownload PDF (682K) -
Masaharu SHIMIZU, Yoji TAKEOKA1965 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 120-126
Published: December 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was found that various morphological abnormalities as shown in figures 1-14 were caused by gibberellin in rice spikelets when it was applied to rice plants at the concentration of 100 ppm, mixed in nutrient solution at the stage of young panicle differentiation. The morphogenetic effects of gibberellin on the spikelet formation are summarized as followings: (1) multiplication of organs which constitute a spikelet, (2) fusion of organs, (3) deformation of organs in shape and size, (4) appearance of the extraordinally swelled tissue or organ and (5) occurrence of disorder in the relative position of organs on the axis. Concerning to the multiplication of organs, it was not chaotic but showed some tendency to revelate an ancient type of spikelet in gramineae, that is, a structure having multiple florets in one spikelet. Based on the tendency above mentioned and some other phenomena, these are, development of the bract leaf and the third stigma which are degenerate and do not develop under the common cultivating condition, the remaining behavior of empty glumes to the axis when the mature grain falls away as shown in figure 1, etc., gibberellin-like substances were seemed to have close contacts with the manifestation of degenerate or degenerating characters in rice plants. Comparing the gibberellin induced abnormalities with those which are said to be genetic and single gene recessive characters in some special varieties-some examples are shown in figures 15-17, and which are caused by a cool water (13-15°C) treatment as shown in figures 18 and 19, it is considered that gibberllin may have some physiological role in the express of genetic characterst in these varieties and in the occurrence of abnormal spikelets under an unusual low temperature, because they have close resembrances in many faces.View full abstractDownload PDF (1664K) -
Yoshimichi NAGASE, Shohei TAKEMURA1965 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 127-132
Published: December 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relations among planting time, plant population and irrigation in soybean culture were investigated in order to appraise the practicability of irrigation in an early and a late season culture, in 1962. The results may be summarized as follows: (1) The irrigation was able to keep living leaves at the position which perviousness of light is less than the case of non-irrigation. But irrigation increased height of yellowing leaf, because it makes the leaves large and in result lessened remarkably perviousness of light into plant community. However, the thickness of leaves layer was not different between irrigation and non -irrigation plots by the reason which plant height was increased by irrigation, and also was not so much different among plant populations. Number of living leaves was increased rather by irrigation, therefore it was deduced that total leaf area increased by irrigation, and then that the photosynthetic efficiency of leaf of irrigated plot was higher than that of non-irrigation plot during the drought period. (2) In early planting the weight of stem was increased little by irrigation, but in late planting it was increased strikingly by irrigation owing to the increase of stem diameter and length. The elongation of internode is phytosociological phenomenon which occures by the deficit of light perviousness into plant community in principle. But it was affected considerably by soil moisture content, and it was recognized that the influence of soil moisture content was larger in pod-setting period when amount of transpiration increased notably. (3) The irrigation heightened or maintained highly the rate of seed yield to stem weight (seed/stem ratio). Because irrigation mitigated remarkably deficit of soil moisture derived from the vigorous growth in the most important pod-setting period when transpiration showed the maximum amount and number of pods was determined. Therefore irrigation increased pod number per m2 and seed weight per 100 seeds in each cases, and heightened the limiting point of their increase according to the high plant population, and in consequence irrigation brought similar effects to seed yields. (4) In early planting, irrigation increased seed yislds by elevation of seed/stem ratio mainly, and in late planting, increased seed yields by increase of stem weight and maintenance of higher seed/stem ratio. The seed yields of late season culture (planting early in July) were approximated to those of early season culture by irrigation and considerable high population, therefore in the case of irrigation, it was made clear that the combination between wheat or barley and late season culture of soybean was profitable strikingly.View full abstractDownload PDF (941K) -
Hiroki ARIKADO1965 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 133-138
Published: December 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAttached roots and detached roots of rice plants were kept submerged for 8 hours in a culture solution to which nitrogen gas was bubbled. The amount of CO2 evolved from respiration was analyzed in 1-hour period by way of absorbing CO2 in N/50 KOH solution. Before and after the experiment, nutrients solved in the culture solution were measured to determine the amount of nutrients absorbed by the roots. The components analyzed were NH4-N, P2O5, K2O, and CaO. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The rates of respiration and nutrient absorption of attached roots kept submerged in the culture solution to which nitrogen gas was bubbled were almost nearly the same as normal, while a considerable depression in the rate of respiration and a marked decrease in nutrient absorption were revealed when 10-2M NaN3 was applied to the culture solution. 2. The rates of respiration and nutrient absorption of detached roots were far less than those of attached roots, when they were treated with nitrogen gas without addition of NaN3 to the culture solution, but they were nearly the same rates as those of attached roots kept submerged in the culture solution containing 10-2M NaN3. A tendency of somewhat accelerated depression in the rates of respiration and nutrient absorption was seen, providing detached roots were exposed to the culture solution containing 10-2M NaN3. 3. Resting on the facts obtained from this experiment it should be inferred that the intact rice roots are able to sustain aerobic respiration and to absorb nutrients quite normally under anaerobic condition so far as any materials harmful to respiration are not included in the solution and, eventually, that molecular oxygen may be transported from the top to the roots of rice plants through the well-developed ventilating system.View full abstractDownload PDF (937K) -
Eizo MAEDA1965 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 139-147
Published: December 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. This experiment was designed to elucidate the course and the rate of callus production in rice seedlings and to study the single cells isolated from the callus under sterile conditions. Nutrition used here contained 10 μM 2, 4-D, 10 μM NAA, 10 μM kinetin, 5g/1 yeast extract and the basal medium of the modified Murashige and Skoog's (Table 1). 2. Vigorous callus formation was not induced by NAA but 2, 4-D (Fig. 1). Nutritional requirements for the development of callus resulted in the use of yeast extract (Table 2). When the small pieces excised from rice callus were subcultured or rice seeds were cultured for prolonged periods, they developed a huge callus producing a lot of roots with root hairs (Figs. 3 and 4). The fresh weight of rice seedlings with callus increased about 20 fold in 50 days; namely, a seed of 30 mg developed to a lump of callus of 600 mg or more during the incubation period (Fig. 15). From detailed observations on the process of callus formation, it was ascertained that the callus is induced not only from the scutellum or coleoriza but also from the basal regions of the coleoptiles, leaf tissues and root apicles (Figs 5 to 12). 3. Many single cells were freely separated from the callus in suspension culture by rotating the tubes in which the callus and the medium were contained at 1 rpm. The cells were stained with Delafield's hematoxylin, neutral red or methylene blue. The size and form of the cells were observed microscopically. The length and the width of the single cells (means of 100 cells) were 41.1 and 18.8μ, respectively (Table 3). The single cells were of various forms; round, rectangular, crooked and very long. Protuberances similar to budding in unicellular organisms were observed in the single cells. Many pairs of divided cells suggested that longitudinal division occured in the single cells (Figs 13 and 14). 4. The callus and the single cells separated from rice seedlings will provide a system that is of interest in genetical and cell physiological studies on rice plants.View full abstractDownload PDF (2830K) -
Yoshio MURATA, Junichiro IYAMA, Tsutomu HONMA1965 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 148-153
Published: December 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Yoshio MURATA, Junichiro IYAMA, Tsutomu HONMA1965 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 154-158
Published: December 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Shizuo TAKEGAMI1965 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 159-162
Published: December 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe resistance of wheat varieties to scab can be estimated only after heading, because of the rare occurrence of this organism on leaf blade. The purpose of this study was to develope the practical method of inoculating scab to leaf blade for the use of breeding program. Though various difficulties were caused mainly by the requirements for both moisture and nutrient of this organism, the inoculation to leaf blade was achieved by the following ways: 1. A few little holes were pricked with a pin in a given part of leaf blade and inoculated with spores of scab. 2. A vinyl ring (4 mm in diameter, 3 mm in length), containing potato agar culture medium, was placed on the inoculated part of leaf blade, and adhered with cellotape. Furthermore, they were wrapped with wrap-film (4 cm × 4 cm) to avoid drying out. 3. The inoculated leaf was held with a rod, and thus treated plant was grown in the glasscovered thermostat at 18°C. After 3∼4 days, pale brown with yellow margins appeared on the inoculated leaf as a symptom of scab infection, and the area of the diseased part expanded gradually not only to upper but also to lower parts of the leaf blade. The relation between the degrees of the infection and the resistance remains to be determined.View full abstractDownload PDF (889K) -
Yoshio HOZYO, Keisabro ODA1965 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 163-170
Published: December 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA brittle culm variety, Sekitorisai-No. 1, and a stiff culm variety, Haganemugi (Hordeum sativum, JESSEN) were used to study the relation between YOUNG's modulus (E) and bending rigidity (EI) in internodes and nodes. YOUNG's modulus measured by OLSEN's type stiffness tester, and bending rigidity calculated from YOUNG's modulus and moment of inertia. There was not so great differences of YOUNG's modulus between both varieties, but YOUNG's modulus in Sekitorisai-No. 1 was slightly larger than of Haganemugi. Regarding the position of internodes and nodes, it was recognized that the uppermost position of internode and node had the largest YOUNG's modulus, medium in the base position, and the smallest in the intermediate position. The bending rigidity of Haganemugi is larger than that of Sekitorisai- No. 1, and it is larger in the base position, and on the other hand small in the upper position. The stiffness of culm has relation to the diameter of buckling load, and buckling load is related to the bending rigidity as long as the culm length is constant. In theoretically, YOUNG's modulus and moment of inertia have the same relation to the bending rigidity. In the case of same bending rigidity with the different mome nt of inertia, YOUNG's modulus are larger in culms with smaller moment of inertia, and vice versa. So the increase of YOUNG's modulus is valuable for concering the stiffness of culms with the small moment of inertia. Moment of inertia was determined by the outer diameter and the inner one. A large moment of inertia was regarded in culms with large outer diameter or the with small inner diameter. In the case of the same moment of inertia with different outer and inner diameter, the cross section area of culm tissue was small in culms with large outer and inner diameter than with small outer and inner diameter.View full abstractDownload PDF (927K) -
Yoshio HOZYO, Hironobu KOBAYASHI, Keisabro ODA1965 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 171-180
Published: December 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA brittle culm variety, Sekitorisai-No. 1, and a stiff culm variety, Haganemugi (Hordeum sativum, JESSEN) were used. After 14C application to plants in early heading stages, 14C-translocation was studied till maturing stage. Total 14C assimilated products of both varieties were regarded as Haganemugi » Sekitorisai-No. 1, and total 14C consumption by respiration as Haganemugi » Sekitorisai-No. 1. So it is considered that photosynthetic activity and respiration ability are larger in Haganemugi than in Sekitorisai-No. 1. Distribution of 14C among the entire plant was also determined. The distribution ratio of 14C was regarded in Sekitorisai-No. 1 as follows; leaves » leaf sheaths > culms. The ratio in Haganemugi was regarded as leaves » culms > leaf sheaths, and besides a great difference of distribution state was regarded in culms of both varieties. On the total 14C of culms, the stiff culm variety was larger than the brittle culm variety. The metabolic activity of each organ tissue was estimated as Haganemugi > Sekitorisai-No. 1. On the assimilation of 14C and translocation of 14C, the differences were regarded in the both varieties. Namely, assimilated 14C contributed to the storage substances production in Sekitorisai-No. 1, and on the other hand, assimilated 14C was used for both of storage substance production and organ tissue constitution. It is considered that such a great difference of physiological characters between both varieties has close contacts with the culm strength of them.View full abstractDownload PDF (1293K) -
Yoshio HOZYO, Keisabro ODA1965 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 181-186
Published: December 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is the purpose of this study to clarify the histochemical features of the barley culms. A brittle variety, Sekitorisai-No. 1, and a stiff culm variety, Haganemugi (Hordeum sativum JESSEN) were used to make clear the relationship between tissue structure and localization of chemical substances. The surface layer of the epidermis and hypodermis which are rich in cellullose and highly lignified. The vascular bundles consist of lignified vessels, tracheids, and bundle sheath cells, pectin-rich siebe tubes and parenchyma cells. The differences in the number of vascular bundles of culms between both varieties were not so considerable, so it was considered that the number of vascular bundles per unit area of cross section in Sekitorisai-No. 1 were more than Haganemugi. These results are related to the high YOUNG'S modulus in Sekitorisai-No. 1. From the above-mentioned relation between the histochemical features and dynamic character of tissues, it will be considered that the localized accumulation of some chemical substances in the tissues during culm formation may be highly relaed to the culm stiffness.View full abstractDownload PDF (2136K) -
Yoshio HOZYO, Keisabro ODA1965 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 187-191
Published: December 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is the purpose of this study to clarify the histochemical features of the thickness-part in the nodes. The thickness-part in the nodes is composed from two parts, i. e. the leaf sheath and culm. The leaf sheath tissues are kept in healthy condition with out any disorganization of tissues, so the stiffness of these parts may be considered to be maintained by the nature of tissues. In the above mentioned two parts. It is the specific features of tissues of the leaf sheath that they consist of the sclerenchyma cells which are rich in cellulose and are lignified. In the tissues of the leaf sheath, the vascular bundles are positioned at the one side of the sclerenchyma. The sclerenchyma cells are rich in protoplasm, especially in upper nodes. The other hand, the specific features of the culm tissues are considered as follows; they are constituted of lignified sclerenchyma cell layer and lignified vessels. The dynamical properties for stiffness of the thickness-part in the nodes are superior than that in the internodes. Probably, these properties are due to the duality of the part, i. e. leaf sheath and culm.View full abstractDownload PDF (1752K) -
Shuichi NISHIMURA, Tadakatsu OKUBO, Masno HOSHINO1965 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 192-196
Published: December 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. A new device was developed for measuring relative light intensity in plant communitites by means of a pair of CdS photoconductive cells as the light detector. The cells were mounted in metal tubings of 12 mm diameter to avoid disturbing the natural structure of a sward. 2. The principle of the measurement was based on the character of CdS cells that the logarithmic value of the electric resistance vs. that of the light intensity relation is linear under some range of light value. When cells having the same character were placed under two different light intensities the ratio of electric resistance between them corresponds with the ratio of the given two light intensities. 3. If the CdS cells A and B in a bridge circuit (fig. 1-a) were placed under full sunlight and transmitted light respectively, the ratio of the resistance of the cells A : B could be converted to the known ratio of C : D when the bridge was ballanced by the μA meter. The dial of the variable resistor C can be calibrated to the relative light value of B to the full sunlight. The calibration was performed by a series of glass filters having known neutral densities. 4. A slight curvature of the light-resistance relation of the cell was found in the higher range of the light intensity (fig. 2 & 3) and it caused a bias of the measurement under changeable sunlight conditions. The bias was of such a nature that it could be cancelled by a compensating circuit including the third CdS cell D2 placed under full sunlight and attached to the side D as shown in fig. 1-b. The cell D2 reduces the resistance of the side D in response to the increasing light intensity and the compensation is properly regulated automatically so as to accord with the present relative light value by a variable resistor D1 ganged with the measuring dial C. 5. Same results obtained using the device are presented in fig. 6 with respect to the changes in ground level relative light value accompanied by the leaf area indices of various swards. Sampling errors in the case of ladino clover and orchardgrass swards are discussed. It was found that ca. 50 readings are appropriate for sampling and their logarithmic values should be averaged in order to estimate the true mean value within ± 0 06 (ca. 5 % of the length of logarithmic scale 2-0 or 100-1 in percentages) with 95 % confidence.View full abstractDownload PDF (717K) -
Siro HIGASE1965 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 197-203
Published: December 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperiments were carried out to examine the production and flower promotion of ethanol in day-neutral tobacco plant grown on the water logged soil. The seedlings of the variety Xanthi with thirteen leaves were employed as materials throughout these experiments. The results were as follows: 1) The alcohol constituents in the steam distillates from tobacco materials, were analyzed specifically by the gas chromatograph procedure. The methanol was detected both in the water-logged plant and in the control, whereas the ethanol was detected exclusively in the former. The ethanol content increased with the increasing duration of water-logging. 2) In order to examine the effect of ethanol on the flower formation of tobacco grown on the soil culture, the roots of the seedlings were applied to the soil surface with the aquatic solution of ethanol for fifty days. The concentrations of ethanol were from 1.8 % (w/v) to 3.6 % (w/v). From this work, it was found that a marked promotion of flowering and the decrease of total leaf number were caused by the application of ethanol. The degree of the promotion was not varied within the range of concentrations examined. 3) In order to examine the effect of the duration of application, the roots were kept in the basal medium contained ethanol at 2.4 % (w/v) for three, six, nine and twelve days respectively. After various periods of culture, the seedlings were transferred to the basal medium without ethanol added, and grown until the date of flowering. From this work, it was found that a marked promotion of flowering and the decrease of total leaf number were caused by the three day's treatment. The decrease of leaf number, however, was not varied within the range of days examined. The promotion of flowering, on the other hand gradually decreased with the prolonged application period. 4) The effect of the broader range of concentrations was investigated with the same way as in the preceding work. Ethanol solution was diluted with the culture solution to give 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2 and 1.5 % (w/v) of ethanol. Treatment with ethanol was conducted for a five days and after being held for that period, it was found that a promotion of flowering and the decrease of total leaf number were caused in any solution but the maximum response of flower formation was not detected within these ranges of concentration. Moreover, the same results were obtained when the ethanol was applied to the roots of tobacco grown on the soil in pot. From the results mentioned above, the author assumes that the promotion of flowering in tobacco whose root systems are subjected to the water-logging treatment, may be caused by the effect of ethanol which have been endogenously produced in the roots as the result of anaerobic respiration.View full abstractDownload PDF (982K) -
Mituo KIDO, Shozo YANATORI1965 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 204-209
Published: December 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSProtein is contained in the rice grain in the largest quantity next to starch, and supposed to be concerned with the transparency process of rice grain. In this report, we studied protein distribution in rice grain, protein accumulating process, and protein amount related to nitrogen fertilizer, rice quality which is classified by white portion in grain and varieties. The result are summarized as follows; 1. Protein was observed by ninhydrin reaction, and section was pre-treated with perchloric acid as solvent of starch grain. 2. Protein is distributed in outer layer of endosperm except for aleuron layer, richer on ventral side, and less on dorsal side and in central part of endosperm. 3. We did not notice any protein coloration by ninhydrin solution in pericarp, seed coat and aleuron layer. 4. Protein accumulates from outer layer of endosperm to inner layer, while starch accumulates from center line of grain to outer layer of endosperm. 5. Grains of heavily nitrogen applied plot were richer in protein than normally fertillized plot. 6. White ventral part grain and white core grain were richer in protein than fully ripe grain. The development of grain was rapid. White basal part grain was less in protein. It is because of poor ripening. 7. Early varieties were richer in protein than late varieties except for Koshisakae having germinated seed caused by lodging.View full abstractDownload PDF (1450K) -
Shin-ichiro KAWATA, Kwan-Long LAI1965 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 210-216
Published: December 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree tiers of initials are usually separated in the apical meristem of the crown root tips in rice plants (Fig. 1). The cortical-epidermal initials which lie opposite the tip of the plerome are a common origin giving rise to the epidermis, exodermis and cortex. The innermost layer of cells in the cortex is the endodermis. From the observation of the longitudinal and transversal sections of the root tips under the ordinary microscope, the following phenomena are cleared up. The cortical-epidermal initials divide periclinally and the inner daughter cell is the first endodermal cell (Fig. 1). The endodermal layer which extend from the first endodermal cell to the endodermal cells setting to vacuolate remains meristematic ones. Within certain limits 150-180 μ from the cortical-epidermal initials, the three types of mitosis namely, periclinal, transversal and anticlinal divisions can be evidently found (Fig. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6). Only the periclinal division of the endodermal cells among the three types of divisions gives rise to the cortical cells. The number of the embryonal cells corresponding to the region mentioned above can be estimated at more than 10 (Fig. 8). Beyond the limits of such region the periclinal division in the endodermal layer cease, while the other two types of division are found in low frequency until begining to vacuolate. It seems that these three types of division keep close relationship among them in distributing the new cells surrounding the stele of the root. About 1100-1200 μ back from the cortical-epidermal initials, vacuolation of the endodermal cells begin and successively elongation of the cell wall take place in parallel to the root axis. The specific staining characters of nuclei and nucleoli with Azure B (Fig. 10) superior to neighbouring cortical cells in this stage suggest that the endodermal cells still have high physiological activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (2932K) -
Kiichi HANADA1965 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 217-224
Published: December 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis experiment was made for the purpose of studying the possibility of growth in tillering buds which have ceased to grow. Rice seeds were sown relatively thickly, i. e., one seed every 3 cm × 1.5 cm in 1959, and one seed every 3 cm × 1.5 cm or 6 cm × 3 cm in 1961. These rice seedlings were thinned alternatively so that the spaces among the seedlings were enlarged to 6 cm × 3 cm or to 12 cm × 6 cm. Thinning treatments were made at the seedling age 5, 6, 7 or 8 by means of clipping the seedlings with scissors. at the ground surface After that, the growth and the leaf formation of each tillering bud were observed at every seedling age. Moreover, the measurements of respiratory rates were made 2 days after thinning in 1961. During the two years of experiments, the tillering buds which grew surely after each age thinning were as follows: In 1959 (Fig. 2 and Table 3), the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th tillering buds after the 5th age thinning, the 2nd, 4th, 5th and 6th ones after the 6th age thinning, the 6th, 7th and 8th ones after the 7th age thinning, and the 7th and 8th ones after the 8th age thinning; in 1961 (Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Table 3), the 5th, 6th and 7th tillering buds after the 6th age thinning, and the 6th, 7th and 8th ones after the 7th and 8th age thinnings. The 2nd and 3rd buds grew after thinning of seedling age 5 or 6 in 1959, but did not grow after thinning of seedling age 6 in 1961. The difference between the results of two years' experiments is thought to be due to the facts that these buds were in the course of growth at seedling age 5 and 6 in 1959, although have ceased to grow at the same age in 1961. The differentiation of leaves on each tillering bud were observed at every seedling age with cross section (Table 1 and Fig. 5). In these observations the author could recognize the following facts; first, even in a bud which has ceased to grow, new leaves are being formed on the growing point though very slowly, second, leaf formation is accelerated by thinning not only in the tillering buds which grow after thinning (ex. the 6th bud in Fig. 5), but also in those which do not grow after thinning (ex. the 2nd and 4th ones in Fig. 5). As regards the respiratory rate, similarly, it was shown to be activated by thinning even in the buds which do not grow after thinning (Table 2). In a previous work, the author found that at the seedling age "n" in thick-sown rice seedlings, the "n"th and "n-1"th tillering buds are in the course of growth, the "n-3"th and lower ones have ceased to grow. In this experiment, the following facts were observed : If the spaces among seedlings are enlarged at seedling age "n" in the similar seedlings, the "n"th and "n-1"th buds grow surely and normally, the "n-3"th and lower ones do not grow, and the "n-2"th bud, which is in a critical stage, grow temporarily or very slightly with only a few exceptions. In those buds that do not grow, however, the formation of leaves are accelerated and the respiration activated. The main factors which inhibit the growth of these buds, in spite of activation of leaf formation and respiration, are going to be studied.View full abstractDownload PDF (1681K) -
Aiya ISHIHARA1965 Volume 34 Issue 2 Pages 225-233
Published: December 25, 1965
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA strain "D1" of carrot root tissue was repeatedly subcultured on the standard medium containing 0.5 percent yeast extract and 1 mg/1. 2, 4-D. On that medium the culture grew rapidly in the form of undifferentiated tissue masses. After the transplanting of the cultures into the standard medium lacking 2, 4-D), they developed the tissue nodules from which roots arose. While with the cultures transplanted into the media containing 0.5∼2.0 percent casein acid hydrolysate, adventive embryos were formed. And yet it was cleared up that the cultures lost gradually the ability to form the organs as well as to develop the tissue nodules within one year of subcultures.View full abstractDownload PDF (1993K)
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