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Volume 49 (1980)
- Issue 4 Pages 543-
- Issue 3 Pages 405-
- Issue 2 Pages 167-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
- Issue Supplement1 Pag･･･
Volume 49, Issue 3
Displaying 1-18 of 18 articles from this issue
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Yasumasa KATO1980 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 405-411
Published: September 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Tadao C. KATAYAMA1980 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 412-419
Published: September 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Mohammad Javad MIRHADI, Yoshio KOBAYASHI1980 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 420-427
Published: September 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Alioune COLY1980 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 428-431
Published: September 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Tomoshiro TAKEDA, Susumu HAKOYAMA, Waichi AGATA, Shigeki FURUYA1980 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 432-438
Published: September 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor a reasonable understanding of the difference of weed ecological distribution caused by soil moisture conditions in non-cultivated paddy fields, a growth analysis experiment was carried out on several Gramineous summer species under three different soil moisture levels. Soil moisture treatments were started at the early growth stage of plants with five to seven leaves, by means of keeping the soil submerged under water, wet, and dry conditions. The wet and dry conditions of the soil were controlled by means of constant capillary tention method. Results obtained are as follows: 1. It was found that each of the species in this experiment exhibited a tendency to flourish better in an optimum soil moisture, required for their growth. They were grouped under three categories according to their growth response to the different soil moisture conditions. Some species showed the tendency of declining relative growth rate (RGR) as the soil moisture decreased (type-I), whereas some other species showed the highest RGR under wet conditions (type-II) and the remaining species scarcely reduced the RGR even under drought conditions (type-III). 2. Change in the two growth parameters, the net assimilation rate (NAR) and the leaf-area ratio (LAR), depending on soil moisture conditions were different for each of the three types. LAR of the species in type-III and NAR of the species in type-II were more affected by soil moisture conditions in these two types, whereas type-I species were little affected by soil moisture conditions in both the parameters. 3. Comparing the growth response to soil moisture of C3 with C4 plants, the results showed that C4 species had a tendcncy of higher RGR and LAR under relatively dry conditions, while C3 species grew better under relatively wet conditions. 4. Results showed that the ecological distribution of the weeds in non-cultivated paddy fields, as for their growth response was concerned, seemed to be attributed to the soil moisture.View full abstractDownload PDF (714K) -
Akio MATSUZAKI, Kunio KARIYA, Hiroyasu MACHIDA, Kosei TSUNODA1980 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 439-455
Published: September 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing the new color chart which was developed based on the colorimetrical characteristics of actual leaves in rice plants, the authors investigated the usefulness of the leaf color diagnosis and the possibility estimating the number of spikelets per squarc meter by leaf color. Following results were obtained: 1. The newly developed color chart was easier to judge the leaf color grade (greenness) than the chart which was made of embroidery thread, because the new one had greater size in greenish parts (4 × 8 cm) and the equally plotted scale with reference to the lightness as compared with the old chart. 2. Observation values of leaf color highly correlated with the nitrogen content (%) in leaf blade of rice plants, and the percentage of the length of leaf sheaths stained by iodide solution to the whole length of them, which represented the degree of starch accumulation in these organs, showed highly negativc correlation to the nitrogen content (%) in leaf blade. Moreover, the ratio of thc observed values of leaf color to the percentage of stained length of leaf sheath showed higher correlation to the nitrogen content in leaf blade, compared with the case applying the two characteristics, the leaf color or the percentage of stained length of leaf sheath, individually. 3. High correlation existed between the number of spikelets per square meter and the product of the observed values of leaf color and the number of tillers at the stage of leaf number index, about 90. Accordingly, it was confirmed that the number of spikelets per square meter was able to be estimated based on the observed values of leaf color and the number of tillers per square meter. 4. The results mentioned above (in Tanashi) were also recognized in the experiments carried on at Fukuoka, Miyagi, Shiga and Toyama prefectural agricultural experlment station.View full abstractDownload PDF (640K) -
Mohammad Javad MIRHADI, Yoshio KOBAYASHI1980 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 445-455
Published: September 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Young-Ho JEONG, Hiroshi NAKAMURA, Yasuo OTA1980 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 456-460
Published: September 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to determine the abscisic acid relationships in the resistance of the rice plants to ozone, endogeneous abscisic acid content in varieties with different sensitibity to ozone was examined. 1. The cultivars differed in their visible injury to ozone fumigation. Nipponbare and Jinheung were more sensitive than Tongil, Milyang No. 23 and Te-tep. 2. Endogeneous abscisic acid content in the resistant variety (Tongil) was higher than in the sensitive one (Nipponbare). 3. Visible injury caused by ozone fumigation was decreased by application of abscisic acid. 4. Abscisic acid content in rice cultivars was found to increase differently depending on varieties response to ozone fumigation (0.3 ppm for 3 hours). The increase of abscisic acid content caused by ozone fumigation was higher in Nipponbare than in Tongil, although the endogeneous level of abscisic acid was higher in Tongil than Nipponbare.View full abstractDownload PDF (463K) -
Tomooki MANATO, Yoshio KIKUTA, Yozo OKAZAWA1980 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 461-466
Published: September 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Kazuo HONJYO, Mitsugu HARANO, Kazuma FUJISE1980 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 467-474
Published: September 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing the 5 varieties grown on the field with sufficient nitrogen fertilizer as the basal dressing, we investigated the effect of nitrogen topdressing and foliar application of urea at full heading time on the translocation of nitrogen from the leaves and culms to the ears and the protein content of brown rice. 1. The amount of dry matter production increased 40% by topdressing and 36% by foliar application compared with non-topdressing on the average of 5 varieties. Most of the dry matter produced after full heading time was used for the increase of ear weight and a part of it was used for the increase of culm weight. The weight of leaves and leaf sheaths at harvest time was less than that of full heading time due to the translocation of dry matter, but the weight decrease of leaves and leaf sheaths, especially the former, was suppressed by topdressing of nitrogen and foliar application of urea. 2. The recovery rates of nitrogen applied at full heading time were 53∼73% on the topdressing plots and 74∼84% on the foliar application plots. The recovery rates of nitrogen on the foliar application plots were higher than those of the topdressing plots. 3. The distribution ratio of nitrogen to ears was about 50% of the nitrogen recovered on the topdressing plots and about 60% of the nitrogen recovered on the foliar application plots. 4. On the non-topdressing plots, 31∼38% of the nitrogen contained in the ears at harvest time was translocated from the leaf blades and 6∼10% from the leaf sheaths, and the nitrogen amount absorbed from the soil was 34∼49%. The translocation of nitrogen from the culms to the ears was little. On the topdressing plots, 9∼17% of the nitrogen of the ears at harvest time was translocated from the leaf blades and little or nothing from the leaf sheaths or the culms, and the nitrogen absorbed from the soil was 68∼76%. On the foliar application plots, the translocation of nitrogen from the other organs and the soil to the ears showed almost the same tendency as the topdressing plots. 5. The protein content of brown rice increased 23% by nitrogen topdressing and 48% by foliar application of urea at full heading tinle on the average of 5 varieties compared with the non-topdressing plots. The foliar application of urea was more effective than the nitrogen topdressing on the increase of protein of brown rice when the same amount of nitrogen was applied.View full abstractDownload PDF (902K) -
Tomikichi WADA, Eizo NAEDA1980 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 475-481
Published: September 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe structure and distribution of globoids in protein bodies have been examined with light microscope as well as electron microscope. The size and frequency of globoids in aleurone and scutellar tissues, and total phosphorus content in embryos and endosperms indicated that the seeds could be divided into two distinct types. In the first type, a largc proportion of phosphorus was confined to the aleurone layer, although the scutellum as well as the aleurone layer were rich in phosphorus. In the second type, both the amount and the content of phosphorus in the scutellum were more as compared to the aleurone layer. The former type was found in the seeds of barley, oat, orchardgrass, rice, rye and wheat, and the latter was present in the seeds of barnyard millet, common millet, finger millet, Italian millet, Job's tear, maize, pearl millet and sorghum.View full abstractDownload PDF (1887K) -
Toyu TASHIRO, Morie EBATA, Masashi ISHIKAWA1980 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 482-488
Published: September 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Shinobu INANAGA, Atsuhiko KUMURA, Yoshio MURATA1980 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 489-494
Published: September 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDiurnal variations in CO2 exchange of rape plants were observed over 2-4 successive day at about two-week's intervals from their early growth to full maturity. The measurement of CO2 exchange was conducted using an assimilation chamber in which conditions were regulated as similar as possible to those of the outside. Principal environmental factors, i.e., total solar radiation, diffused solar radiation, air temperature, soil temperature, air humidity and CO2 concentration of air were recorded simultaneously writh CO2 exchange. From the data obtained, dependence of the CO2 exchange rate on the environmental factors was examined. In addition, the after-effects of low night temperature on daytime photosynthesis, the existence of which had been suggested by the result of field observations, were examined under controlled conditions. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. The photosynthetic rate depended primarily on total solar radiation throughout daytime on all the days when observations were conducted. 2. Based on the mode of correspondence between the photosynthetic rate and total solar radiation at each time of a day, patterns for diurnal variations in photosynthesis were grouped into the following two types. Type A: In this type, photosynthetic rates in the morning were nearly equal to those in the afternoon provided they were compared at equivalent solar radiation levels. Type B: In this type, photosynthetic rates in the morning were lower than those in the afternoon even compared at equivalent solar radiation levels. 3. The pattern of Type A was observed on cloudy days, or on fine days whose preccding night was not so cold or warm. The pattern of Type B was observed on fine days preceded by a very cold night. 4. Type B predominated in winter while Type A prevailed in other seasons. 5. The dark respiration rate at night varied mainly with air temperature at each stage of growth. 6. It was confirmed in the experiment under controlled conditions that the photosythetic rate in the daytime was affected by the air temperature of the preceding night. Night temperatures below a certain limit brought about depression of photosynthesis during the succeeding daytime. The lower the night temperature, the lager the extent of depression and the longer time required to recover from the depression.View full abstractDownload PDF (680K) -
Kazuto IWAMA, Kimio NAKASEKO, Kanji GOTHO, Yukio NISHIBE1980 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 495-501
Published: September 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDifferences between locations in potato root system were studied with four varieties. Climatic conditions in two locations were almost same, though soil types were different: Soil of Sapporo and Shimamatsu were alluvial clay loam and volcanic ash sandy loam, respectively. Root dry weight of surface soil (depth to 30 cm), leaf area and tuber dry weight were measured biweekly during the growing season. Growth rate, duration of increase, maximum value and duration of root DW and LAI were calculated from quadratic regression curves fitted to raw data. Maximum values in root DW and LAI were greater in Sapporo than in Shimamatsu. Two values showed highly significant correlation (r=0.951). Diffcrences were also found in morphological characteristics of root and shoot. Root diameter, stem diameter and stem length were significantly greater in Sapporo. Number of root per stem, however, were greater in Shimamatsu. Differences in maximum root dry weight between locations were based on root growth rate in early varieties, and on root growth rate and duration of root increase in late varieties. On the other hand, differences in maximum LAI were attributable not to growth rate but to duration of leaf increase which was longer than duration of root increase. Greater maximum root dry weight in Sapporo delayed leaf senescence, and root dry weight duration during tuber bulking period was coerrelated with leaf area duration. Greater root dry weight duration and leaf area duration in Sapporo did not increase tuber bulking rate, but prolonged duration of tuber bulking and increased tuber yield. If root system increases rapidly or longer, then leaf growth also continues longer, thus leaf senescence might be delayed. It should result in long maintenance of tuber bulking and increase of tuber yield.View full abstractDownload PDF (777K) -
Mohammad Javad MIRHADI, Shigekata YOSHIDA, Yoshio KOBAYASHI1980 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 502-503
Published: September 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Eiji OSHIMA1980 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 504-505
Published: September 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Seok Weon SEO, Shugo CHAMURA, Toshiro HAYAKAWA, Masayoshi KOBAYASHI1980 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 506-507
Published: September 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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Toshiro HAYAKAWA, Seok Weon SEO1980 Volume 49 Issue 3 Pages 508-509
Published: September 30, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
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