All issues
Volume 58 (1989)
- Issue 4 Pages 495-
- Issue 3 Pages 279-
- Issue 2 Pages 159-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 58, Issue 3
Displaying 1-27 of 27 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Akihiro NOSE, Misao NAKAMA, Kiyomatsu MIYASATO, Seiichi MURAYAMA1989 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 279-289
Published: September 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L. c. v. NCo 310) planted in summer was grown in a dense planting block (135×20 cm) and standard planting block (135×40 cm) in a marl soil field (MF) and Ryukyu limestone soil field (RLF). The time courses for dry matter production in the dense planting block were clearly. different from those of the standard planting block. In dense planting block, the maximum standing crop per land area (MSC) was obtained in August one year after planting. Then the standing crop decreased until harvest. In standard planting block, MSC was obtained at the ripening stage. Maximum crop growth rate (Cmax) in the dense planting block on MF and RLF was 45.24 g/m2/day and 39.12 g/m2/day, respectively, and they were obtained in summer season. At this time, mean leaf area index (LAImean) and solar energy utilization (Eu) in the dense planting block on MF and RLF showed higher values of 7.54 and 4.43%, and 4.87 and 3.92%, respectively. Mean CGR in a year after planting on MF and RLF was higher in the dense planting block (18.92 g/m2/day and 17.16 g/m2/day) than the control block (12.66 g/m2/day and 11.25 g/m2/day). High CGR in the dense planting block depended on high LAI which was resulted from increasing stalk numbers per land area. In addition, it is suggested that the favorable effect of dense planting on dry matter production can shorten the growth duration of summer-planted sugar cane to two-thirds of that in the standard planting block.View full abstractDownload PDF (1325K) -
Hide SAWAHATA1989 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 290-296
Published: September 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe investigation not the storage root yield in sweet potatoes was carried out using different compositions of mineral nutrients by gravel culture. Roots were divided into two different functional parts, storage roots and feeder roots. Culture solutions of different concentrations were applied to the feeder roots and identical soil conditions with method the storage roots. 1) The nitrogen content of culture solution used for feeder roots greatly affected the thickening of the storage root. Treatment with potassium-containing solution had less effect on the storage root growth, except in the high nitrogen treatment plot. 2) A close relationship was recognized between the nitrogen content in leaves and the dry weight ot the storage root; the optimum nitrogen content for the dry matter production of storage roots was 3.0-3.7% throughout their growth stage. 3) A certain degree relationship was recognized between the storage root dry weight and K2O/N ratio in the storage root. Increse in the K2O/N ratio favorably affected the growth of the storage root in the high-nitrogen concentration plot; whereas in the low-nitrogen plot an increase in the K2O/N ratio adversely affected the storage root growth. 4) These results seem to suggest that nitrogen had the primary effect for promoting thickening of the storage root, and high potassium dosage had a marked effect on storage root growth in the case of excessive nitrogen application.View full abstractDownload PDF (870K) -
Sueo ENOMOTO, Eizo MAEDA1989 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 297-304
Published: September 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLight quality and quantity of the environment, where lettuce seedlings were grown, affected the mesophyll tissue and the shoot formation in cotyledons excised and cultured in vitro. When cultured on MS medium for 5 days, the cotyledonary tissues of the seedlings were poorly developed under an illumination level of 150 lx with fluorescent light but well-developed both under 5, 000 and 10, 000 lx, The mesophyll cells of cotyledons were rich in cytoplasm when excised from the seedling grown under BOC lamp or 150 lx of fluorescent light but vacuolated under 5, 000 and 10, 000 lx. Frequecy of adventitious buds on the cotyledons grown under high-level light intensity was less than low-level intensity. In addition, the adventitious bud formation decreased as the age of the cotyledons advanced. This trend was clear under the high light intensity.View full abstractDownload PDF (2587K) -
Yoichi TORIGOE1989 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 305-310
Published: September 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to develop the procedure of arable land classification, we forced to adopt the viewpoint of landscape ecological classification depending on the analogy of topographic and edaphic factors, natural vegetation and microclimate. The region of our case study, Yasato-cho, Ibaraki, covers approximately 138 square kilometers. Data processing system based on the personal computer was developed to use the mesh data of topographic and edaphic factors, soil types and agricultural census. The dimension of a mesh was about 500 m×500 m. The first step was to demarcate agricultural domains. Twentyseven agricultural domains were demarcated according to the resemblance of paddy and upland soils of each mesh into individual watersheds. The second step was to choose the factors showing the regional diversity between the agricultural domains. Seven factors were detected and categorized at six classes. The principal component analysis was applied to the categorized data of individual agricultural domains. As a result, we concluded that the regional veriation of these factors could be interpreted by three principal components. The third step was to apply the furthest neighbor method of cluster analysis to three component scores obtained by the previous analysis. 27 agricultural domains were divided into five clusters which could characterize the regional difference of landscape ecology and current agriculture in the given region.View full abstractDownload PDF (807K) -
Takashi OHTSUKA, Hitoshi SAKA1989 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 311-315
Published: September 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo determine the promotive effect of isoprothiolane (diisopropyl-1, 3-dithiolan-2-ylidenemalonate, IPT) on ripening in rice plant (Oryza sativa L., cv. Nipponbare), 14C-tracer studies after 14CO2 assimilation were conducted with pot-cultivated rice plants grown in a greenhouse. IPT (FUJI-ONE (R), 12% granule) at 80mg/l/5, 000a plastic pot (400g/a as a formulation) was applied under flooded condition at 11 days before the heading time. Rice plants were fed with 14CO2 to make them carry out 14CO2 assimilation and then kept under an artificial day-light at 25°C in a growth chamber. The plants treated with 14CO2 were time-dependently sampled and both the distribution and radioactivity of 14C in each plant organ were determined by autoradiography and by liquid scintillation spectrometer, respectively. The effect of IPT on translocation rate of 14C into panicles was obvious in the lower halves of panicles, especially at 4 day after 14CO2- feeding. These observations suggest that IPT enhances ripening under the present experimental conditions of pot-cultivated rice plants. This promotive effect may be attributed to promotion of translocation of photosynthetic products in rice plants.View full abstractDownload PDF (821K) -
Yoichi TORIGOE1989 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 316-323
Published: September 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe computer-based system used to evaluate the upland field qualitics and limitations was developed using the mesh data of soils in consideration of various alternative land uses and regional feasibility. This system was applied to our case study in Yasato-cho, Ibaraki. The mesh data used consisted of profile description and chemical and physical data obtained by the Soil Survey Program for the Maintenance of Farm Land Fertility. The suitability of upland field for agricultural uses depends upon evaluation of cultural management and crop productivity. The evaluation of cultural management was the degree of the difficulty for tillage, soil fertility and erodibility. The evaluation of crop productivity based upon the degree of rooting ability and photosynthetic ability of general field crops. The results of individual evaluation steps are classified into five or six classes on the suitability. The system can be installed in a personal computer. The final output of synthetic evaluation coincided with the results of the research survey conducted to obtain data for the degree of cultural management and difference of growing crops in the region.View full abstractDownload PDF (934K) -
Toyohiko KAWAI, Yoji TAKEOKA1989 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 324-330
Published: September 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of nitrogen top-dressing (ntd) on the gibberellin (GA3, GA) - induced abnormality of spikelets was investigated during the two years, 1986 and 1987, with using the rice cultivar Sachikaze. Plants grown in 1/5, 000 a pots filled with paddy soil were top-dressed with different amounts of nitrogen at the maximum tillering stage, and one week after, the plants were treated with GA of 500 ppm until the final concentration was reduced to 50 ppm. Three levels of ntd with or without GA treatment were tested in six experimental plots; (1) No ntd (0 N), (2) Standard ntd (1 N), which was applied with 0.5 g of ammonium sulfate, (3) Three-times amont of ntd (3 N), which was applied with 1.5 g of ammonium sulfate, (4) GA application and 0 N (0 N+GA), (5) GA application and l N (1 N+GA), and (6) GA application and 3 N (3 N+GA). Plant height, and numbers of secondary branch and spikelet increased in all plots of ntd especially in those with GA apply. The percentage of spikelets with any abnormal organs in GA treated plants increased with ntd. A decrease in number of stamens to five or less, and pistil with three stigmas were prominent abnormalities observed in the study. Third stigma development was observed in 3 N plot even without GA application, showing highest 30% with GA application. The distribution pattern of abnormal organs in the panicle was similar in both additional glume and stamen, however, it was different in the pistil. Under high ntd level, GA application induced both suppression of stamen development and promotion of pistil differentiation under high frequency; GA supplied without ntd brought on increase in stamen development. These results indicate that the effect of GA in morphogensis of reproductive organs in rice changes with ntd conditions. GA was found to promote the effect of nitrogen in increasing female organogenesis, similar in effect to that of auxin applied exogenously.View full abstractDownload PDF (1081K) -
Hiroshi NAKANO, Iwao WATANABE, Masato KUWAHARA, Kosei TABUCHI1989 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 331-336
Published: September 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influence of soil conditions on increase of nitrogen assimilation and yield as a result of supplemental nitrogen fertilizer application at flowering were examined with soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.). Non-nodulating line (T 201) was used as a reference to estimate the uptake amount of soil-N and fertilizer-N and the amount of fixed-N in the testing cultivars. The yield increase by the supplemental-N was depressed when the soil fertility of nitrogen increased by applying manure. Further, the effect of supplemental-N decreased progressively as the amount of N released from the soil increasrd. However, in a frame experiment of different soils, the amount of absorbed soil-N, fixed-N and total assimilated-N by soybean plants until flowering under no supplemental-N condition was not negatively correlated writh the effect of supplemental-N on yield. But the increase of total assimilated-N from flowering to early pod-filling stage by applying the supplemental-N positively correlated with its effect on grain field. In grey lowland soil, the effect of supplemental-N on the total assimilated-N was high due to the low N-fixing activity under no supplemental-N conditions in the silty clay loam, and also to the significant uptake rate of supplemental-N in a frame of the loam. The loam of andosol was inferior to any of the grey lowland soil because of serious inhibition of N-fixing ability by supplemental-N, which appeared to be based on low concentration of Truog-phosphate in this soil.View full abstractDownload PDF (811K) -
Shigeo MITSUI, Hiraku OKA, Keiji NISHIIRI1989 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 337-341
Published: September 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSugar beets were confirmed to have an unfavorable effect on the growth and yield of subsequent soybeans in drytype volcanic ash soil in Tokachi District, Hokkaido. The effect was clearer on growth of stems and leaves than on yield, but no symptom of zinc deficiency was observed. Beet top, incorporated into the soil soon after the harvest of sugar beets or potatoes, enhanced soybean growth and yield the following year. Manure compost, applied before planting sugar beets or potatoes, also promoted soybean growth and yield. There was no statistical interaction between precropping treatment and beet top or manure compost application. No influence of the first year treatments was found on corn after soybeans on the third year. The deteriorating effect of sugar beets on subsequent soybeans is speculated to be caused by some allelopathic substance(s).View full abstractDownload PDF (617K) -
Eiki KURODA, Atsuhiko KUMURA, Yoshio MURATA1989 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 342-346
Published: September 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSingle-leaf photosynthesis in situ were observed under field conditions and the regulating factors investigated. The light intensity at the leaf surface was shown to act as the leading factor. However, it was also suggested that there were some other factors greatly affecting photosynthesis. Light saturation points varied from case to case, but they were lower than 0.65 cal cm-2min-1 in most cases.View full abstractDownload PDF (575K) -
Eiki KURODA, Atsuhiko KUMURA1989 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 347-356
Published: September 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA group of leaves, each of which was situated at the equivalent position on a stem (for instance, the second leaf counted from the uppermost fully expanded leaf of each stem), were chosen and their individual photosynthetic rates were estimated under field conditions. A rather large variation in single-leaf photosynthetic rates (CER) was observed among them even though the measurements were conducted at approximately the same time of a day and under the same light regime (saturation light intensity). The variation in CER amounted to 9-12 mg CO2 dm-2h-1 when it was expressed as the difference between the largest and the smallest values found in a group of leaves. This variation was named "individual variation in single-leaf photosynthesis (CER)"; the nature and physiological basis of this variation were examined. (1) The individual variation in CER was closely correlated with variations in stomatal conductance (gs). (2) Leaves having large gs values at a certain time of a day also showed large gs values at other times throughout the measuring period. Therefore, it seemed that the rank in gs of a leaf among leaves was kept rather constant over a period of time. (3) In the case where the gs value of the first leaf was large, the values of the second and the third leaves on the same stem also tended to be large. (4) The rate of bleeding from the section of basal part of a leaf was measured after sunset and compared with gs values of the leaf in the daytime. The leaves which showed large gs values in the daytime tended to exhibit large rates of bleeding after sunset. (5) In the case where the bleeding rate of the first leaf was high, those for the second and the third leaves on the same stem also tended to be high. (6) The obtained results suggested that the basis for individual variation in CER was a variation in water supplying ability to leaves, which, in turn, varied from stem to stem, probably due to a difference in the amount and activity of roots formed on stem.View full abstractDownload PDF (1045K) -
Shao-Hui ZHENG, Jun INOUYE1989 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 357-363
Published: September 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing an unbonded strain gauge transducer (1kg) and a null balancing recorder, the vertical elongation force (Ef) or lifting force of 1-, 3- and 5-cm tall soybean seedlings (cv: Akisengoku and Fukuyutaka) grown in darkness at about 25°C were measured. On the same seedlings, diameter at the largest portion of the hypocotyl was measured using a slide caliper. In measuring endogenous ethylene evolution, scedlings were grown in glass cylinders of 2.7 cm in diameter and 25 cm high under darkness at 25°C. To remove the ethylene evolved from the seedling, 2 g of ethylene-acetaldehyde removing agent was put into each glass cylinder. In all the tests, seedlings were grown using sandy loam soil which had been sieved through a 2.38 mm screen and which had about 13% moisture by volume. All the above handlings were performed quickly under dim green light. The Ef exerted by a seedling increased with time after setting the tip of seedling against the force receptor and reached a maximum after 48 to 60 hours. The pattern of Ef development differed a little among the different ages of seedlings. The maximum Ef was largest in 1-cm tall seedling and smallest in 5-cm tall seedling. Hypocotyl elongation was inhibited and hypocotyl diameter became large in those seedlings which were used for the Ef test. Further, in a seedling whose hypocotyl elongation was inhibited, ethylene production was 3-7 times of a seedling not inhibited. When the evolved ethylene was removed using ethylene-acetaldehyde removing agent, hypocotyl thickness was reduced although it was still larger than that of control. It is suggested that, if the hypocotyl elongation is inhibited during emergence by soil particles and crust, the seedlings produce ethylene, and their hypocotyls become thick and their Ef become large.View full abstractDownload PDF (884K) -
Teruhisa UMEZAKI, Shigeo MATSUMOTO1989 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 364-367
Published: September 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSControl of internode elongation is important to avoid seed yield reduction caused by the lodging and competition for photosynthate between stem and pods after flowering in soybean (Glycine max Merr.). The internode elongation of the main stem was continuously observed with pot-grown plants of four late soybean cultivars, Fukuyutaka, Himedaizu, Tanbaguro and Akiyoshi. Consideration was also taken on the relationship between the internode elongation and development stage of the main stem expressed by the number of emerged leaves (≥8mm long) on the main stem (1=cotyledon, 2=primary leaves, 3=the first trifoliolate leaf……, N=(N-2)th trifoliolate leaf). Elongation of internodes on the main stem began slowly at the early phase, followed by rapid rate during the mid-phase and again slowed down at the cease phase. This elongation speed pattern is similar to that of the main stem growth. Final length of the first internode between cotyledonary and primary nodes was the longest, while the 3rd or 4th internode was the shortest among all the internodes. Those of the internodes above the shortest one became longer gradually, but uppermost two or three internodes reduced their length again. When the development stage of the main stem reached the N leaves, the (N-2) th internode elongated the most rapidly, while the (N-4) th internode stopped its elongation. The similar pattern of internode elongation and synchronization were observed in all cultivars used. These results will be helpful information in controling soybean internode elongation.View full abstractDownload PDF (488K) -
Gen-ichi HIRAI, Noboru NAKAYAMA, Yoshiaki KITAYA, Toichiro INANO, Hiro ...1989 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 368-373
Published: September 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of ambient humidity on the photosynthetic rate of a rice plant population model (area: 120×60 cm, Planting density: about 40 plants/dm2, leaf area index: 6∼7, plant height: about 30 cm, plant age in leaf number: about 6) was investigated at the air temperatures of 22, 28 and 34°C under artificial light. The stomatal aperture and the leaf temperature of leaves in the upper part of the plant population were also determined. The results obtained are as follows. 1. The photosynthetic rate of a rice plant population responded quickly to the changes in the relative humidity: the rate increased with the rise of humidity and decreased with its fall. 2. The stomatal aperture and the leaf temperature in the upper part of a population also quickly changed in proportion to relative humidity. These results suggested that the photosynthetic rate of a rice plant population responded quickly to humidity changes through the rapid change of stomatal aperture mainly, and also suggested that the increase of the leaf temperature with the increase of humidity enhanced the photosynthetic rate of the plant population at a low temperature (22°C) and suppressed the rate at a high temperature (34°C).View full abstractDownload PDF (746K) -
Eiki KURODA, Taiichiro OOKAWA, Kuni ISHIHARA1989 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 374-382
Published: September 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe differencc in yield, dry matter production, and physiological and ecological characters were studied between Tainung 67, a high-yielding cultivar (long-culm and ear-weight type) in Taiwan, and Nippon-bare, a Japanese standard cultivar (short-culm and ear-number type). The yield and dry matter production were higher in Tainung 67 than those in Nipponbare. Both net assimilation rates and mean leaf area indices were higher in Tainung 67 than those in Nipponbare, after heading time when the plant length was much higher in Tainung 67 than that in Nipponbare. The causes of the difference in net assimilation rates between two cultivars were examined by measuring canopy structure. The characteristics of canopy structure related to an increase in dry matter production in Tainung 67 were compared with those of Nipponbare. (1) smaller leaf area density in spite of larger leaf area index owing to larger plant height, (2) good light-intercepting characteristics indicated by a little sraller light extinction coefficient and larger leaf angles against horizontal, (3) higher evaporation rate inside stands in spite of larger leaf area index, (4) higher CO2-concentration inside the stands during daytime in spite of larger leaf area index and the same or higher leaf photosynthetic rate. On the basis of these results, we pointed out that it was necessary for the breeding of high-yielding rice cultivars to give full consideration to the use of these characteristics in long-culm and ear-weight type cultivar when an increase in dry matter production is attempted on condition that physical, physiological and morphological characteristics of the culm and sheath must be studied to improve lodging resistance in cultivars with large plant height.View full abstractDownload PDF (1030K) -
Tadashi HIRASAWA, Yukihiko IIDA, Kuni ISHIHARA1989 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 383-389
Published: September 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify the dominant factor responsible for the reduction in photosynthetic rate caused by 1) an increase in leaf-air vapor pressure difference and 2) a decrease in leaf water potential in rice plants, changes of intercellular CO2 concentration were investigated as the leaf-air vapor pressure difference increased and leaf water potential decreased. As the leaf-air vapor pressure difference increascd, intercellular CO2 concentration decrcased (Fig. 1 and 2). As leaf water potential decreased, intercellular CO2 concentration decreased in the leaves with water potential higher than -5-6 bars, and conversely, increased when the water potential declined to lower than -5-6 bars (Fig. 2, 3 and 5). It was concluded that when leaf water potential was higher than -5-6 bars, the dominant factor responsible for the reduction in photosynthetic rate caused either by increasing the leaf air vapor pressure difference or by decreasing leaf water potential was the decrease of CO2 supply through stomata to the mesophyll; whereas at leaf water potential lower than -5-6 bars, the dominant factor was the decrease in mesophyll photosynthetic activity. There was a change in the dominant factor responsible for the reduction of photosynthetic rate as leaf water potential altered. The critical values of leaf water potential changing the dominant factor were the same irrespective of the leaf position on the stem, leaf age, or nitrogen contcnt in the leaf (Table 1). However, a comparison of plants grown in soil and those cultured in solution shows that the critical values of leaf water potential were lower in the soil-grown plants (Fig. 5). The leaf water potential of the soil-grown plants declined slowly by withholding water from the soil, whereas the potential quickly dropped in mannitol-added culture solution. The fact suggested that the decrease in the mesophyll photosynthetic activity caused by a decrease in leaf water potential might be reduced owing to osmotic adjustment.View full abstractDownload PDF (864K) -
Mitsunori OKA, Supachai SARAKARN, Jarungsit LIMSILA1989 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 390-394
Published: September 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGrowth characteristics of Rayong 3, a recommended cultivar with sparse branching habit, were compared with those of Rayong 1, a traditional cultivar with tall and erect stems. Root production was largely influenced by the total dry matter production during the rainy season which was closely associated with a leaf area index (LAI). Rayong 3 showed some advantages in root production when compared with Rayong 1; i) high dry matter production during the rainy season, which was associated with a high LAI due to mainly the high leaf production rate per plant, ii) a high harvest index and iii) high dry matter and starch contents of storage roots. A moderate branching habit, represented by Rayong 3, could maintain a high harvest index when the total dry matter production and leaf area incrcased under the prevailing growth conditions of cassava in Thailand.View full abstractDownload PDF (645K) -
Tiemi NAKAMURA, Eizo MAEDA1989 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 395-403
Published: September 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMorphological details of rice callus cultures were examined at the initial stage of plantlet development, together with the growth of callus established from mature seeds, with the aid of scanning elcctron microscopy. The observations revealed an occurrence of small knobs on the scutellum region of intact embryos inoculated on a callus induction medium. When transferred to a shoot-forming medium, the callus cultures gradually exhibited sequential changes in the surface structure and finally developed shoots and roots. A mucilaginous membrane layer interestingly covered the surface of globular structure developed on callus cultures. Fibrillar materials interconnected among the cells exposed where this layer was torn. As the callus growth progressed into more advanced stage, the surface structure transformed into a stabilized appearance from fragile nature and enlargement of nodules occurred showing slightly undulated, smooth faced structure. After then, leafy structures emerged on epidermis-like callus surface. They were laminated or cylindrical shapes attending with trichomes and wart-like structures. After these diverse structures appeared, a shoot-like structure finally ensued. And also, apart from the sites of a leafy structure and a young shoot, adventitious roots emerged from the inside of callus masses, and root hairs and root cap-like structures clearly developed.View full abstractDownload PDF (5152K) -
Kazuto IWAMA, Sachio NISHIBE1989 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 404-408
Published: September 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify the effect of wild relatives on the yield characters of their progenies, the tuber fresh yield, starch content and starch yield were compared among the populations of the first clonal generation derived from one male parent and 36 female parents which had different wild relatives in their ancestry. The populations derived from the parents of CP group which had S. chacoense or S. phureja in the ancestry, tended to be higher in the starch content and starch yield compared with those from the parents of T group which had no wild relatives in the ancestry, and DW group which had the wild relatives other than S. chacoense or S. phureja in the ancestry (Table 1). The variations among the hybrids of each population in the starch content and starch yield also tended to be larger in the populations of CP group compared with those of T and DW groups. Although the starch yield showed significantly positive correlation with both tuber fresh yield and starch yield among all populations, the difference in the starch yield among the populations with its higher values was mainly due to the difference in the starch content (Fig. 1). Since the starch yield highly correlated with the tuber fresh yield among the hybrids of each population, the difference in the starch content between the populations was clearIy exhibited by the difference in the regression lines between the starch yield and tuber fresh yield among the hybrids of each population (Fig. 2). From these results, we concluded that using the parents of CP group for breeding crosses was more effective to get a new cultivar with high starch content and starch yield.View full abstractDownload PDF (639K) -
Hiroshi NAKANO, Eizo MAEDA1989 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 409-418
Published: September 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHistological characteristics of globular shaped pollen callus (globules) developed from multicellular pollen grains were examined in rice anther culture (Oryza sativa L.). The ultrastructure of pollen grains, anther wall tissues and the globules in vitro were also claritied. It was speculated that the microbodies observed in the viable pollen grains and anther wall tissues were associated with the lipid metabolism during the formation of the multicellular pollen grains. Before de-differentiating cells emerged from the pollen wall (exine), mucilage was secreted on the outer-surface of the exine. The presence of multivesicular bodies in the multicellular pollen grains was analyzed in relation to their function in mucilage secretion. Lipid droplets and starch grains were formed in the globules after the emergence. Thereafter, a shoot-root axis appeared in the globules in the anther culture medium. When the meristem of the future root apex appeared at the root pole of the globules, the starch grains and lipid droplets decreased in the meristem. These results suggest that the formation of the globules in the anther culture and plant regeneration in vitro were accompanied with dynamic changes in the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.View full abstractDownload PDF (4179K) -
Gnanasiri S. PREMACHANDRA, Hirohumi SANEOKA, Shoitsu OGATA1989 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 419-423
Published: September 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe cell membrane stability of three maize cultivars was measured by the polyethylene glycol (PEG) test at different parts of leaf (base, middle and tip parts of the uppermost full open leaf). The % injury in PEG test was compared with other measurements such as stomatal and cuticular resistance and the physiological state of the leaf parts. Leaf water potential, osmotic potential and Mg contents in cell sap and leaf tissues were well correlated with % injury in PEG test. Osmotic potential of leaf tissues seems to influence the desiccation treatment in PEG test. Relative contribution of sugar to osmotic potential was higher than the other solutes but sugar contents in leaf tissues or cell sap did not suggest the existence of any relationship with % injury in PEG test.View full abstractDownload PDF (617K) -
Ernest OTOO, Ryuichi ISHII, Atsuhiko KUMURA1989 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 424-429
Published: September 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study is to determine if there is an interaction of nitrogen nutrition and water stress on apparent photosynthesis (APS), transpiration (Tr), and water-use efficiency in rice (Oryza sativa L.). The potted plants, which were cultured in high and low nitrogen levels, were exposed to the water stress condition, and the gas exchange rates were measured. A significant interaction of nitrogen supply and soil water stress on APS and Tr occurred, with high nitrogen plants being more affected by water stress, in respects of APS and Tr, compared with low nitrogen plants. This high responsiveness of APS and Tr in high nitrogen plants was due to stomatal sensitivity to water stress. In addition, high nitrogen plants maintained better photosynthetic machinery under water stress condition. As the results, it was found that the characteristics of greater stomatal sensitivity and better photosynthetic machinery in high nitrogen plants, led to their higher water-use efficiency.View full abstractDownload PDF (696K) -
Yoshio INOUE, Ray D. JACKSON, Paul J. Jr. PINTER, Robert J. REGINATO1989 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 430-437
Published: September 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe response of transpiration (Tr) and stomatal resistanse (rs) to extractable soil water and the vapor pressure dificit of the air was investigated over three differentially irrigated wheat plots for an entire growing season. The objective was to devolop a physiological basis for remote monitoring of crop and soil water status. The results indicated that Tr was closely correlated with the extractable soil water (ESW) remaining in the soil when the ESW was less than 40%. When the ESW was greater than 40%, Tr was propotional to the vapor pressure deficit of the air (VPDa). Stomatal resistance (rs) was found to increase hyperbolically with decreasing ESW (r=0.82), although rs was small and independent of ESW at high ESW. No relationship was found between rs and VPDa. The correlation between the ratio Tr/VPDa and ESW was higher (r=0.75) than the correlation between Tr and ESW. Normalizing Tr and ESW values for the water stressed plots to those observed in the well watered plot improved this correlation to r=0.91. Multiple regression analysis showed that rs1 and VPDa were highly correlated with ESW (r=0.92-0.97).View full abstractDownload PDF (870K) -
Kengo INABA1989 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 438-439
Published: September 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Keisuke NEMOTO, Koou YAMAZAKI1989 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 440-441
Published: September 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS -
Kazumi MAEDA1989 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 442-454
Published: September 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1373K) -
[in Japanese]1989 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 455-457
Published: September 05, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (476K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|