All issues
Volume 60, Issue 3
Displaying 1-18 of 18 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Masahiro KITAOKA, Katsuzo OTA, Masami OGAWA1991 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 349-354
Published: September 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInduction of male sterility in rice by application of ethephon or isourea at different treatments, concentrations and times was investigated in glass house-grown Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare. Isourea had a promotive effect on uppermost internodal elongation of rice in addition to inducing sterility. The sterile effect was more evident by water application than by foliage treatment. Ethephon also caused sterility by foliage treatment, but it inhibited the elongation of uppermost internode. Single application of 5000 ppm of ethephon or 10 kg/ha of isourea caused incomplete sterility. The combined application of ethephon and isourea, however, showed the synergistic effect on sterility, 95% and more of which was achieved by treatment of isourea 3 kg/ha + ethephon 5000 ppm or isourea 10 kg/ha + ethephon 2500 ppm. The rice plants treated by isourea + ethephon showed 50% or more of fertility by forced application of normal pollens. The antipodal effect of isourea and ethephon on uppermost internodal elongation showed its antagonism when their combinational treatment was conducted, which together with shortening of flag leaf sheath led the normal emergence of panicles.View full abstractDownload PDF (672K) -
Tomio WATANABE, Yoshio TAKEICHI1991 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 355-364
Published: September 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was conducted to develop the basal fertilizer application methods which mitigate the damage due to cool weather at booting stage by investigating the relationships between the changes in cool tolerance and light-intercepting characteristics with the methods of fertilizer application as basal dressing adding phosphate, potash, compost and soil conditioning materials respectively to the standard basal fertilizer. And the effect of improvement against the cool tolerance on the topdressing to deeper layer culture was also investigated. The results are as follows. (1) The addition of 6 kg/10 a phosphate or 60 kg/10 a fused phosphate and 20 kg/10 a calcium silicate (soil conditioning materials) to the standard basal fertilizer had an effect on the improvement of cool tolerance in combination with addition of compost (heavy nitrogen applicated condition), i. e. the increase of phosphate application had an effect on mitigating the injurious action of heavy nitrogen application against the cool tolerance. And it was judged that the increase of phosphate application promoted the reduction of leaf nitrogen content and leaf area index, and effected to decrease the sterility by the path of "Increase of nitrogen application → Increase of leaf area index → Increase of shaded percentage in the space of rice plants community → Obstruction of raising temperature at various points surrounding rice plants → Increase of the sterility" which discussed in our first report. (2) Under the ordinary weather condition, in spite of the rice plants in the topdressing to deeper layer culture was as large leaf area index as the standard fertilizer application, its shaded percentage in the space of rice plants community was smaller, and the light-intercepting characteristics maintained better, and the temperature of leaf sheath surface, in which the young panicle exists, raised higher than those in the heavy and standard fertilizer application. And nitrogen content of the rice plants was lower than the other applications at all times, and its C-N ratio in leaf sheath and culm before the booting stage maintained higher than the other applications although it was lower at the booting stage. From the above mentioned, the topdressing to deeper layer culture accelerates the cool weather resistance by improving the light-intercepting characteristics and the constitution of the rice plants.View full abstractDownload PDF (1038K) -
Yoshinori YAMAMOTO, Tetsushi YOSHIDA, Tetsuya ENOMOTO, Giichi YOSHIKAW ...1991 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 365-372
Published: September 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree high-yielding japonica-indica hybrid (JIH) and semidwarf indica (SDI) rice varieties, and ten japonica (J) rice varieties, including different plant types, were cultivated under sparse (30×30 cm) and dense (20×20 cm) conditions to clarify the characteristics for the efficiency of spikelet production and the ripening in these high-yielding rice varieties in comparison with japonica rice varieties. 1) Brown rice yields in JIH and SDI were generally higher than those in J in both planting densities, because the number of spikelets per m2 of JIH and SDI, which mainly depended on the number of spikelets per panicle, especially those on the secondary rachis-branch, were greater than those of J. 2) The number of spikelets per m2 for the same level of leaf area index, top dry weight or top nitrogen content at heading stage was greater in JIH and SDI bearing bigger panicles than in J bearing smaller ones. 3) The number of spikelets per m2 of JIH and SDI, or that of J showed significant negative correlation with the percentage of ripened grains. Although the decline of percentage of ripened grains in each varieties was due to the increase of spikelets on the secondary rachis-branch, the percentage of ripened grans in JIH and SDI was higher than that in J at the same level of the spikelets number. 4) From the results mentioned above, it was suggested the high-yielding character in JIH and SDI was based on the greater spikelets per m2 due to the higher number of spikelets per panicle, and the less decline of percentage of ripened grains at this greater spikelets, in spite of the increase of the spikelets on the secondary rachis-branch, as compared with J.View full abstractDownload PDF (908K) -
Bao-sen XIA, Kiichi HANADA, Fumio KIKUCHI1991 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 373-379
Published: September 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGene expression in tiller development by the semidwarfing gene sd-1 was studied under two different nitrogen levels. A Japonica tall variety Norin 29, its semidwarfing near isogenic line SC-TN 1, and an Indica variety Taichung Native 1 (TN 1) were used. SC-TN 1 was obtained by transferring the semidwarfing gene sd-1 from TN 1 into Norin 29. The appearance ratio of tillers in TN 1 was larger than that of the two Japonica varieties in primary and secondary tillers at upper nodes. SC-TN 1 had a greater appearance ratio of primary tillers at upper nodes under low nitrogen condition and that of secondary tillers irrespective of nitrogen condition compared with Norin 29. It seems that the semidwarfing gene sd-1 increases the appearance ratio of tillers and promotes the development of tillers. The primary tillers of the two semidwarf varieties tended to reach the age of 1 earlier than those of Norin 29. The age was expressed by the number of leaves whose leaf blade had completely emerged from the leaf sheath of the leaf immediately below it. The varietal difference in the increasing rate of the age of tillers was not always recognized clearly. The relative tiller age of the semidwarf varieties was greater than that of Norin 29, mainly due to the characteristic of reaching the age of 1 at an earlier stage.View full abstractDownload PDF (832K) -
Toshihiro MOCHIZUKI, Shigeo MATSUMOTO1991 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 380-384
Published: September 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective of this study was to examine the effects of excessive soil moisture on seed weight and yield components of autumn soybean cultivers and to find the varietal differences in their wet endurance. Twenty soybean cultivers, belonging to ecotypes of IIIc, IVc and Vc were grown in an upland field converted from paddy. The experiments were conducted in 1983 and in 1984. Excessive soil moisture treatment was conducted at the third or fourth foliage leaf stage and continued until the maturing stage. As the experiments yielded nearly the same results for both years, the data obtained in 1984 is presented in this paper. The seed weight of 12 cultivers was reduced but that of eight cultivers was not reduced by the treatment at the 5% significant level. The reduction ratio of seed weight, which was calculated as the mean value of excessive moisture plots divided by the mean value of control plots multiplied by 100, correlated positively with that of stem weight, branch number and total node number at the 0.1% significant level. As a result of regression analysis, the reduction ratio of the total node number had the greatest influence on the reduction ratio of seed weight. The results suggest that the smaller reduction in the seed weight of the wet endurance cultivers was caused by a smaller reduction in the vegetative growth e.g., the total node number, the stem weight and the branch number.View full abstractDownload PDF (640K) -
Tomoyuki YUKAWA, Yoshiaki WATANABE1991 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 385-391
Published: September 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relationship between fructan (fructose polymer) level in early winter and overwintering ability in wheat varieties was studied by using 15 varieties and 14 lines related to pedigree of breeding. 1. The concentration of fructan in the shoot predominated over that of glucose, fructose or sucrose in all varieties or lines. Fructan concentration in stem base including leaf sheath was approximately twice as much as leaf blade, and the varieties were divided into two groups in accordance with the fructan concentration. 2. The fructan concentration was closely correlated with the overwintering ability. This result implies that this polysaccharide is influentially involved in the winter survival. 3. All the genotypes containing high fructan have a close linkage to the genotypes bred in cold regions, Turkey Red II, Hon-iku 49, Hokuriku 17, Yukichabo, F7 and Hokuriku 49, on pedigree.View full abstractDownload PDF (741K) -
Yusuke GOTO, Kiyochika HOSHIKAWA1991 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 392-399
Published: September 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing two types of nodal position of tiller development (counted acropetally from base and basipetally from panicle), relationships between the nodal position of tiller development and the final number of leaves emerged on the tiller (LN) were investigated. To compare the tendency of LN between different tiller positions, we used two indicators, the relative leaf position (RLP) of the flag leaf (RLP-FL) and the relative tiller position (RTP). RLP is the leaf position expressed with the acropetal position of the "synchronously emerging leaf" of the main stem according to the Katayama's theory (Katayama, 1951) and RTP is the acropetal tiller position arranged in theoretical order of tiller emergence. According to the Katayama's theory, there should be no differences in RLP-FL among individual tillers. But in actual measurement, RLP-FL increased with tiller order in each RTP and with emergence order after panicle initiation. The developmental position of tiller was rearranged in basipetal order (bT-position : bT 1 designated the tiller from the axil of the flag leaf), the relationship between bT-position and LN of each tillers was analyzed. At bT 6 position and lower, LN decreased 1.0 by 1.0 for every upward node order, while at bT 5 position and upper, LN was reduced 0.5 by 0.5 for every upward node order. We concluded that the cause of the difference of these decreasing patterns depends on that the time of the tiller bud development is situated before or after panicle initiation of its mother stem.View full abstractDownload PDF (778K) -
Kiyoshi TAKAHASHI1991 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 400-406
Published: September 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOne of the deepwater rice (Oryza sativa L.), cultivar. 'Habiganj Aman VIII' was used as materials. Elongation ability of deepwater rice is closely related to the phase change of the main stem from the primary phase (short non-elongated internodes are formed) to the secondary phase (long elongated internodes are formed). Here, NNEI (number of non-elongated internodes) is used as a new index to evaluate the rate of the phase change of main stem and the primary tillers on the different positions of the main stem. The phase change of the primary tillers was closely related to that of main stem. NNEI was greater in the tillers at the lower position of the main stem. NNEI was zero in the tillers at the higher position of the main stem. These tiller buds are formed during the secondary phase and usually do not grow because of their dormancy which is due to apical dominance. However, when the tiller bud growth was released, the longer dormancy period was, the more NNEI in these tillers was found. In conclusion, the phase change of tillers is greatly influenced by that of the main stem. On the other hand, the NNEI seems to be dependent on the developmental stage of the tiller itself at the time of phase change in the main stem.View full abstractDownload PDF (778K) -
Katsumi SUZUKI, Takeshi TANIGUCHI, Eizo MAEDA1991 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 407-412
Published: September 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRice coleoptile differentiated at ventral side of embryo and covered a shoot apex during 3 days to 5 days after anthesis. Then the epiblast and lateral scale initiated and surrounded the coleoptile. Simultaneously surface area of scutellum expanded, and the axis of plumule and radicle increased in diameter, and finally ventral scale differentiated as a scutellar appendix. During rice seed germination, lateral scale, epiblast, and coleorhiza grew and emerged from a rent of the seed coat. Then they had many hairs in the surface and the coleoptile appeared from the opened lateral scale. Seminal root pierced coleorhiza and emerged geotropically from surface of coleorhiza in touch with agar surface. Furthermore, a technical term of lateral scale is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1256K) -
Taiichiro OOKAWA, Eiki KURODA, Kuni ISHIHARA1991 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 413-420
Published: September 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe photosynthetic rates of the leaves at the equivalent positions on the main stem and its tillers, that is, the photosynthetic rates among the synchronously expanded leaves on the main stem and tillers in Nipponbare (short culm and ear number type rice cultivar) were compared. Immediately after the leaves fully expanded, little difference was noticed between the photosynthetic rates of the leaf on the main stem and the synchronously expanded leaves on the primary tillers except with those on the 5th tiller which emerged just after transplanting. Two or three weeks after expansion, the photosynthetic rate of the leaf on the main stem was higher than that of the synchronously expanded leaves on the primary tillers. The extent of the decrease in the photosynthetic rates with leaf aging was larger in the leaves on the primary tillers than those on the main stems, and also larger in the leaves in those tillers that emerged from the higher node of the main stem. The photosynthetic rates at 2 or 3 weeks after leaf expansion highly correlated with the diffusive conductance, chlorophyll content and RuBPCase content in the leaves on the main stems and the primary tillers. These results indicate that one of the factors responsible for the difference in the photosynthetic rates of the leaves at the equivalent positions on the stems in a hill was the difference between the periods of senescence of the leaves on the main stem and those on the primary tillers. The extent of the decrease in the photosynthetic rates with leaf aging in the primary tillers was different between Nipponbare and Tainung 67, a high yielding cultivar (long culm and ear weight type) in Taiwan, when the extents were compared with those in the main stem. However the extent of the decrease in the photosynthetic rates with leaf aging was not different between the leaves on the main stem and those on the primary tillers in Tainung 67. These results suggest that the photosynthetic rates of the leaves at the equivalent positions on the stems in a hill were almost the same between the main stem and their primary tillers in Tainung 67.View full abstractDownload PDF (933K) -
Shao-Hui ZHENG, Jun INOUYE1991 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 421-426
Published: September 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEtiolated seedlings (1 cm height) of several epigeal leguminous crops, grown in the soil with 13% moisture at 25°C, were used to investigate the response against the imitated pressure of covered soil after sowing. Changes in hypocotyl length. stem thickness and ethylene production were measured 48 hs after placing various weights on the tip of the seedlings. Accompaning with the increase of weights, decrease in hypocotyl length and increase of ethylene production as well as hypocotyl thickness were observed. The minimal sensitive weight (M. S. W.), in which the elongation of hypocotyl was inhibited significantly (at 5% level), was 5 g in moth bean and black gram, 7.5 g in soybean cv. Asoaogari, 10 g in mung bean and cowpea, 20 g in soybean cv. Akisengoku, 30 g in kidney bean and hyacinth bean and 160 g in peanut. The ethylene production was found to increase significantly (i) at smaller weights than the M. S. W. in the seedlings of moth bean, kidney bean and peanut, (ii) at about the same M. S. W. in the seedlings of mung bean and soybean cv. Akisengoku, and (iii) at larger weights than the M. S. W. in the seedlings of other species. Hypocotyl thickness increased significantly at the same or larger weights than those of inhibited elongation and enhanced ethylene evolution of the seedlings. The M. S. W. was found to correlate positively with seed weight (r=0.851**), stem thickness (r=0.978***) and maximal elongation force (r=0.922***). The M. S. W. per unit stem thickness was smaller in the seedlings of black gram and cowpea, larger in the seedlings of peanut and kidney bean compared with those of the other species. The weights that inhibited hypocotyl elongation mostly were smaller than maximal elongation force and correlated significantly with the M. S. W. in all species except cowpea.View full abstractDownload PDF (663K) -
Hiroshi SUGE, Ismail TURKAN1991 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 427-433
Published: September 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGrowth analysis was performed on a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) mutant line showing an abnormal gravity response, and also on the original normal line. The reproductive structures of mutant plants were quite different from the original normal plants. Analysis by stratified clip method revealed difference in distribution of leaves, stems, and heads, as well as leaf area index (LAI) in the mutant line caused by diagravitropic or plagiogravitropic growth. Mutant plants showed an abnormal gravity response even in the seedling stage. In mutant but not normal plants, the direction of first-leaf growth depended on the position of the embryo. Seed production of mutant plants was about 60% compared with normal plants, even though net assimilation rate (NAR) and relative growth rate (RGR) were not decreased. Seed fertility of mutant plants was correlated with the angle between heads and ground level. However, when plants were turned upside down, all heads, both mutants and normal, were nearly vertical, and seed fertility recovered to a level that not significantly different from normal plants. From these results, it was predicted that barley plants may not produce seeds normally under microgravity.View full abstractDownload PDF (731K) -
Akio MATSUZAKI, Tomomi NAKAMOTO, Hiroyasu MACHIDA1991 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 434-440
Published: September 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen the number of leaves on the main culm is known, the number of leaves on secondary to quarternary tillers can be determined based on the following growth characteristics and procedures, even if the lower leaves are no longer on the stem. Growth characteristics : a) The leaves are located on stem alternately. b) Left tip outside and right tip outside sheath wrapping also appear alternately. c) The tillers which emerged from the node of left (right) tip outside of sheath wrapping have left (right) tip outside sheath wrapping at the first leaf. Procedures : 1) Mark the leaves of the main culm and record heading date of all tillers in a plant on the flag leaf. 2) Dig out the plant at maturity and separate it into its primary tiller groups. 3) Arrange odd-numbered primary tillers on the left side of the main culm and even-numbered tillers on the right side, in order of emergence, from outside to inside. 4) If the main culm has an odd-numbered flag leaf with right tip outside sheath wrapping, or an even-numbered flag leaf with left tip outside sheath wrapping, the first leaf of primary tillers appears on the front side of the primary tillers. 5) The first tertiary tiller points toward the main culm and in the same way, the first quarternary tiller points toward its parental primary tiller. Investigation findings : 1) Number of leaves on secondary and tertiary tillers of Moritawase and Norin 1 increased over the number of leaves of primary and secondary tillers, respectively. 2) Main culm of Moritawase heads first, whereas, in Norin 1, primary tillers head first. 3) Heading date of secondary tillers tend to be delayed when the number of leaves increased over that of the primary tillers.View full abstractDownload PDF (657K) -
Motoyuki HAGIWARA, Mitsuo IMURA1991 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 441-446
Published: September 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEmergence and establishment of seedling of paddy rice sown into flooded soil are poor but promoted when seeds are coated with O2 generator CaO2. It has been commonly understood that this is because CaO2 supplies O2 to the seed germinating in the anaerobic flooded soil. However, it is known that even in CaO2-coated seed, emergence of foliage leaf is restrained unless O2 is supplied from flooded water or air through coleoptile after seedling emergence. The effect of seed coating with KNO3, which generates no O2 by itself but oxidizes soil, on emergence and establishment of seedling of paddy rice sown into flooded soil was investigated. In KNO3-coated seeds, emergence and establishment of seedling began earlier, and the percentage of seedling emergence and of foliage leaf emergence were higher than in non-coated seeds. KNO3 showed much the same or a rather more conspicuous effect than CaO2 at lower temperature. These results suggest that the major cause of the poor emergence and establishment of seedling in paddy rice sown into flooded soil is not O2 deficiency in flooded soil. Thus, whether O2 supply to a seed is essential for, and why CaO2 is effective for, promotion of emergence and establishment of seedling would have to be examined in further more details.View full abstractDownload PDF (671K) -
Junko YAMAGISHI, Hiroshi KOUCHI, Tadakatsu YONEYAMA1991 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 447-452
Published: September 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe time course change of the shoot respiration rate, the percentage of currently assimilated carbon in respiration and the amounts of current and reserved compounds in the shoots of rice plants were examined using the steady-state 13CO2 assimilation technique, in an attempt to evaluate the change of respiratory substrates with time during darkness. The shoot respiration exhibited midnight rise of respiration rate (MRR), and then a sudden decrease around 13 hours after the onset of darkness. The percentage of CO2 derived from 13C-labeled current assimilates in respiration was high during the first 6 hours, and followed by a continuous decrease. Therefore, current assimilates took priority over reserved compounds to support midnight respiration with MRR in the dark period, and as being consumed current photosynthates the respiration using reserved materials increased to compensate the respiration. Since the 13C-labeling and the content of sucrose were high during the early dark period, it was suggested that sucrose was the principal source of respiratory substrates, and thereafter, starch and other compounds gradually became the major source of CO2. The integrated value of the percentage of 13C-labeled CO2 in total respired CO2 during the first 12 hours was 51%, suggesting respiration dependency on current assimilates was almost equivalent to that on reserved materials.View full abstractDownload PDF (631K) -
Teruhisa UMEZAKI, Tadahiko FURUYA1991 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 453-454
Published: September 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (331K) -
[in Japanese]1991 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 455-458
Published: September 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (525K) -
[in Japanese]1991 Volume 60 Issue 3 Pages 459-465
Published: September 05, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (849K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|