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Volume 65 (1996)
- Issue 4 Pages 569-
- Issue 3 Pages 425-
- Issue 2 Pages 173-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 65, Issue 4
Displaying 1-22 of 22 articles from this issue
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Morio MATSUZAKI, Masakazu TOYODA1996 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 569-574
Published: December 05, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to study the relationship between climatic conditions and maximum viscosity (MV) in wheat flour, changes in MV and α-amylase activity by calendar day were investigated. Two winter and two spring wheat cultivars were harvested at 3-day intervals in 1992 and 1993. Spring cultivars flowered about two weeks later than winter cultivars, but MV of these cultivars decreased to below 300 B.U. at almost the same day in each year. MV decreased to below 300 B.U. from August 11 to 17 in 1992, and from July 21 to 27 in 1993. α-Amylase activity increased over 10 Abs/g during the same periods. In 1992, about 60 mm precipitation was recorded from August 8 to 10, and MV probably decreased due to this precipitation. However, the precipitation from July 18 to 26 in 1993 was 3 mm, and MV probably decreased to below 300 B.U. due to other climatic conditions. During the period when MV decreased in 1993, there were low temperatures and little sunshine. These conditions probably reduced MV by inhibiting grain desiccation. In 1993, MV was maintained at a high level in precipitation cut-off treatment. This suggested that a little rain or dew at night, which were not recorded as precipitation, affected MV. The following tendencies were observed with the decrease of MV in 1993: the maximum α-amylase activity was low, MV and α-amylase activity depended on cultivars, and other flour traits did not worsen. The climatic conditions when MV decreased to below 300 B.U. in 1993, were similar to that in 1988. From the results, it was suggested that the decrease in MV through lack of rainfall is not an exceptional phenomenon in the Tokachi district, and MV may decrease with lack of rainfall.View full abstractDownload PDF (745K) -
Yulong WANG, Youji NITTA, Yoshinori YAMAMOTO1996 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 575-584
Published: December 05, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing the materials in the previous report, factors determining winnowed hulled 1000 kernel weight (WHTKW) of the primary (PRB) and secondary rachis branch (SRB) at different parts on an ear in line 9004 (L9), which is bred in China, as well as high yielding japonica type glutinous rice, were analyzed in comparison with a Japanese non-glutinous rice var. Koganemasari (KM). 1) For WHTKW of each part on an ear, it was generally shown that grains on both PRB and SRB of the top part in KM were heavier than those of the bottom part, however, the reverse pattern was shown in L9. Moreover, L9 had less difference in WHTKW between PRB and SRB than that of KM. Although WHTKW of each part on an ear was heavier in L9 than in KM, regardless of PRB and SRB, thc degree of difference on an ear between the two varied according to the part in the order bottom>middle>top parts and SRB greater than in PRB, in spite of little difference in hull weight. 2) Volume and specific weight of hulled grains of both PRB and SRB on each part on an ear were L9>KNI, KM>L9, respectively. Volume was significantly correlated with WHTKW in KM and L9, when compared separately or together. 3) The ripening period of grains on PRB or SRB of each part on an ear in L9 was the same or shorter than in KM, but L9 had a faster dry matter accumulation rate per grain than KM in the first half of ripening period (until 16 days after full heading time) due to the high moisture content in the ear. 4) The results mentioned above suggested that L9 had a faster dry matter accumulation rate for a grain viz. sink activity during thc first half of the ripening period due to a higher moisture content in thc ear compared with that of KM, resulting in superior WHTKW of L9 in both PRB and SRB of each part on an ear to KM.View full abstractDownload PDF (1447K) -
Kumi F. OOSATO, Yuji HAMACHI, Yuji MATSUE, Tomohiko YOSHIDA1996 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 585-589
Published: December 05, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo develop cultivars with high and stable values of palatability in any growth environment, genotype x environment interaction of palatability in rice was statistically estimated from the replicated sensory test data. The following interactions of palatability were significant: genotype x year, genotype x cropping season, and genotype x storage duration. On the other hand, genotype x amount of fertilizer and genotype x soil type interaction of palatability were not significant. The results showed that varietal differences of palatability differed under different environmental conditions such as year, cropping season and storage duration. There was a cultivar which had high and stable values of palatability under different years, cropping seasons and storage duration conditions. For developing cultivars with high and stable values of palatability, it is efficient to estimate the palatability of rice grown under those environmental conditions in which genotype x environmental interactions were found.View full abstractDownload PDF (809K) -
Katsuhiro WAKABAYASHI, Tadashi HIRASAWA, Kuni ISHIHARA1996 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 590-598
Published: December 05, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSReductions in CO2 supply through stomata and photosynthetic capacity in mesophyll are the two major processes for depression of photosynthesis under water stress conditions. The objective was to clarify which process limits photosynthesis of rice and sunflower plants most dominantly by comparing rates of CO2 exchange by an infrared CO2 analyzer method as well as O2 evolution by an oxygen evolution method on leaves in the decreasing process of water potential. Since diffusive conductance of leaves under water stress is low, photosynthetic capacity needs to be measured at the highest CO2 concentration where there is no CO2 inhibition effect on photosynthesis. One hundred and twenty mLL-1 was the highest CO2 concentration at which photosynthetic capacity could be measured without the damage to leaves of both plants. It was also clear that diffusive conductance did not affect O2 evolution rate at 120 mLL-1 of CO2 concentration unless diffusive conductance decreased to lower than 0.09 mol m-2s-1. Leaf water potential, at which CO2 exchange rate at 350 μLL-1 of CO2 concentration started to decrease, was higher than the O2 evolution rate in both plants. These results suggested that the initial depression of photosynthesis due to water stress might be caused by stomatal closure only. As leaf water potential decreased further, the reduction of the photosynthetic capacity might also contribute to the depression of photosynthesis.View full abstractDownload PDF (1210K) -
Akihiro ISODA, Hiroshi NOJIMA, Yasuo TAKASAKI1996 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 599-604
Published: December 05, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo indeterminate early soybean cultivars, Tsurukogane and Huangbaozhu (Ib); and a comparative cultivar, Tachinagaha (IIc, determinate) were grown under two high planting populations (equidistant spacings of 20cm and 30cm) in the experimental field of the Faculty on Horticulture, Chiba University. The adaptability under high planting populations was examined in terms of growth pattern, canopy structure and radiation interception. The rate of increase of the leaf area indices in Tsurukogane and Huangbaozhu were slightly greater than that of Tachinagaha, though there was no significant difference. There was no increase in leaf and stem dry weight in Tsurukogane and Huangbaozhu in the 20cm plot by the end of August. Tachinagaha showed increased dry weight till the middle of September. Plant height of Tachinagaha was higher in the 20cm plot (100cm). Tsurukogane and Huangbaozhu were stunted to about 70cm in both plots. The leaflet area of Tachinagaha increased towards the stem terminal. In Tsurukogane and Huangbaozhu, leaflet areas at the upper nodes were small. In the 20cm plot, Huangbaozhu had smaller leaflets compared to those of the 30cm plot. Though there was no significant difference in intercepted radiation per unit leaf area among the three cultivars in the 30cm plot, Huangbaozhu had significantly greater values and Tachinagaha had smaller values in the 20cm plot. The two indeterminate early cultivars thus showed excellent characteristics in radiation interception.View full abstractDownload PDF (775K) -
Kunio OKANO, Hide OMAE1996 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 605-611
Published: December 05, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe root system of the tea (Camellia sinensis L.) tree consists of various types of roots with different diameters or ages. In order to control the growth of the root system, it is necessary to know the physiological functions of various types of roots within a root system quantitatively. Tea trees, two years after transplanting, were dug out from the field at the bud break stage of the first flush, then the roots were classified into four groups according to their diameter. Top/root ratio of the examined trees was around 1.5. Dry weight ratios of white rootlet (diameter<1.0mm), brown rootlet (1.0-2.0mm), medium root I (2.0-5.0mm) and medium root II (>5.0mm) in root systems were 30%, 10%, 15% and 45%, respectively. Rates of respiration and nitrogen uptake per unit dry weight were higher in the younger rootlets, while the content of total available carbohydrate (TAC) was higher in the lignified thick roots. Quantitatively, 75% of the respiration and 90% of nitrogen uptake in the root system was conducted by the rootlets less than 2.0mm in diameter. Contribution of the white rootlets to the total nutrient uptake of the root system was especially large. On the other hand, 84% of TAC in the root system was localized in thc lignified roots more than 2.0mm in diameter. A higher level of theanine, a main palatable substance of tea, was detected in the white rootlet as compared to the lignified roots, indicating that the synthesis of this substance occurred in the newly developing roots. In the lignified roots, a large amount of arginine accumulated instead of theanine. From these results, ideotype of the root system in the tea tree was considered to be different according to the purpose of tea cultivation. A root system with higher proportion of rootlets would be desirable for increasing the yield and quality of the leaves. On the contrary, existence of well-developed lignified roots would be necessary for tolerating environmental stresses.View full abstractDownload PDF (1009K) -
Takayuki NAKANO, Akio MORITA, Hiroshi TANI, Norio SUZUKI1996 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 612-617
Published: December 05, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSome factors which might relate to yield and quality were inverstigated by stratiform analysis in order to estimate the most suitable plucking height in the mechanically-plucked tea bush. During a period of new shoot growth of the first crop in 1992, new shoots were harvested at 1cm intervals from the top to the bottom of each tea bush. Weights of leaves and stems were heavier at the lower layers than the upper layers. The total nitrogen concentration was higher at thc upper layers. The free amino acid concentration was higher at the middle layers in the early harvest, and was higher at the upper layers in the late harvest. The neutral detergent fiber concentration was higher at thc lower lavers. These results show that at the upper plucking height, yield decreases but quality is enhanced. On the basis of these results, an attempt was made to modify the qualitative deterioration caused by the delay in harvesting time. In the plucking at the last skiffing height, the harvest on May 8th showed higher neutral detergent fiber concentration and less total nitrogen and free amino acid concentration than the harvest on May 4th. However, when plucked 2∼4cm higher on May 8th, the harvest showed the same level of chemical concentrations as the plucking at the last skiffing height on May 4th.View full abstractDownload PDF (816K) -
Katsuya MATSUBA1996 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 618-625
Published: December 05, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRice cv. Koshihikari was seeded and grown for three years. Seedlings were dissected under a stereoscopic microscope for anatomical studies at the following stages; in n.1 age when the (n+1)-th lamina of the main shoot emerges from the n-th leaf sheath of the same main shoot, and in the middle of n.1 age and (n+1). 1 age through the vegetative phase. Appearance of a protuberance at the peripheral zone of the shoot apex was used as the sign of differentiation of a leaf primordium. Through 1.1 age to 10.1 age, the main shoot of the plant at n.1 age developed at the axil of its (n+1) leaf a hemisphere primordium which evolves into a primary tiller bud. This relationship was true for the development of the 2nd to 9th primary tiller buds. During the phyllochron (leaf emergence interval) of the (n+1) leaf, two leaf primordia for the prophyll and the 1st leaf were formed on the above tiller apex. During the three successive phyllochrons, the number of leaf primordia formed on the tiller apex was two, one and two, respectively. When the above last leaf primordium corresponding to the 6th leaf of the tiller differentiates in the third phyllochrons, the 2nd lamina of the tiller starts to emerge from its 1st leaf sheath. Generally, the 2nd to 9th tiller buds evolved into tillers.View full abstractDownload PDF (1052K) -
Yoshinobu KAWAMITSU, Waichi AGATA, Shin-ichi HIYANE, Seiichi MURAYAMA, ...1996 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 626-633
Published: December 05, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe measured stomatal frequency and guard cell length in the Gramineae and compared these components among the photosynthetic types and/or the subfamilies. The mean stomatal frequency of the Eragrostoideae was 418.5 no. mm-2 and that of the Panicoideae was 243.9 no. mm-2, which is a half to one third of C3 summer types. On the other hand, C3 plants growing in the winter season exhibited low stomatal frequency and large guard cell sizes. Rice plants, C3 types in the Oryzoidease, had an extremely large number of stomata, but smaller guard cell sizes. In addition, the stomatal frequency in the flag leaves was higher than that of the fully expanded leaves at thc maximum tiller number stage. In particular, this tendency was pronounced in the japonica-indica hybrids. The reciprocal relation between stomatal frequency and length of the guard cells was demonstrated, indicating that the distribution of the subfamily in the figure to be coincident with the direction in the evolution of the grass family.View full abstractDownload PDF (991K) -
Han Yong KIM, Takeshi HORIE, Hiroshi NAKAGAWA, Kuniyuki WADA1996 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 634-643
Published: December 05, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhenological development, biomass production and the related growth characteristics of rice (cv Akihikari) in canopy were measured over the entire growth period under different CO2 concentrations and air temperature regimes in temperature gradient chambers (TGCs), in order to clarify the effects of anticipated global climate change on rice production. The TGC is a plastic tunnel with the dimensions of 26m in length, 2.05m in width and 1.7m in height in which air was ventilated at varying rates to created a 4°C temperature gradient along its longitudinal axis. Two TGCs were used for this experiment; one was kept at ambient CO2(≅350 μLL-1) concentration and the other at 690 μLL-l throughout the entire growth period. CO2×temperature treatmets were applied to potted rice plants displaced in TGC at the density of 20 hills m-2 in 1991, and on transplanted plants on soil bed in TGC at 25 hills m-2 in 1992. In both years, a sufficient amount of nutrition was applied in split. The nearly doubled CO2 concentration (690 μLL-1) accelerated phenological development of rice toward heading with more pronounced effects at higher temperatures. The number of days to heading of elevated CO2 plants at 30°C was 11% less than that of ambient CO2 plants. The elevated CO2 concentration remarkably promoted both total and productive tiller numbers, whereas it gave a negligibly small effect on plant height. Also, the clevated CO2 concentration gave minor effects on leaf area index except at the initial growth stage, coinciding with the previous workers' results. The elevated CO2 concentration markedly promoted crop dry matter production, on which temperature appeared to give negligibly small effects. The relative enhancement rate by the doubled CO2 on crop dry weight at maturity was estimated to be 24% as average over the entire temperature range (26∼30°C) in both years. The insensitive temperature response in the enhancement rate was contrary to previous workers' results. This is considered to be due to previous workers' results being based on largely isolated plants where radiation might less limit the growth than in the present experiment in the canopy condition.View full abstractDownload PDF (1211K) -
Han Yong KIM, Takeshi HORIE, Hiroshi NAKAGAWA, Kuniyuki WADA1996 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 644-651
Published: December 05, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSYield and its component organs of rice (cv. Akihikari) were examined for populations grown under two different CO2 concentrations (350 and 690μLL-1)×four temperature regimes in temperature gradient chambers (TGCs) in two cropping seasons of 1991 and 1992. The temperature treatments ranged 27.2∼31.1°C in 1991 and 26.0∼29.3°C in 1992 on average over the entire growth period. The relative yield increases by nearly doubling the CO2 concentration under the lowest temperature conditions were 40% and 22% in 1991 and 1992, respectively. These yield increases were mainly attributable to the increased spikelet number per unit area by elevated CO2, whereas the CO2 effects on ripening percentage and weight of single grain mass were relatively small. The difference in the CO2 enhancement rate in the spikelet number and hence in the yield between the two years was considered to reflect the difference in the nitrogen (N) application rate, as total amounts of N applied were 24 g m-2 in 1991 and 12 g m-2 in 1992. With the increase in temperature, yields at ambient and elevated CO2 concentrations decreased drastically with a more pronounced reduction with elevated CO2, resulting in no CO2 enrichment effect on rice yield at higher temperatures. The yield decline at higher temperatures was primarily due to an increase in the number of sterile spikelets and slightly due to the increase in imperfectly ripened grains. The spikelet sterility was most closely related to the daily maximum temperature averaged over the flowering period.View full abstractDownload PDF (1195K) -
Tohru KOBATA, Tomomi OKUNO, Takanobu YAMAMOTO1996 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 652-662
Published: December 05, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDry matter production rate in plants is indicated by transpiration rate (Tr) multiplied by water use efficiency (WUE). Our objectives were to establish which of WUE or Tr is dominant in contributing to maintenance of. dry matter production of rice cultivars in drought conditions. Four rice cultivars with different drought resistance rankings (from susceptible to resistant) were grown in upland field conditions and suffered soil desiccation during the reproductive stage. Dry matter production of the shoot (SDP) when irrigation was withheld was different for each cultivar; SDP was higher in drought resistant cultivars and lower in sensitive cultivars. There was a close relationship between SDP and the consumption of soil water between 0 and 40 cm below the soil surface during the soil drying period. Water consumption showed a high correlation with root density in deep soil layers. There were not, however, large cultivar differences in WUE, calculated from the transpiration rate which was estimated from the soil water consumption minus the soil evaporation rate. When three cultivars selected from these field tested cultivars were grown in pots and suffered different degrees of soil desiccation during the early reproductive stage, there were also scarcely any differences in WUE between the three cultivars. We suggested that the high dry matter production of those rice cultivars known to be drought resistant under field conditions is caused not by high WUE, but by high ability to maintain Tr, which is supported by deep root systems.View full abstractDownload PDF (1377K) -
Josefina O. NARCISO, Kazumi HATTORI, Tomikichi WADA1996 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 663-671
Published: December 05, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHistological observation was conducted to evaluate the origin, initiation site and development of callus in mungbean cotyledon culture. Results showed that callus formation in mungbean occurred in three sites: 1) in the peripheral area of the provascular strands where the initiation of endogenous callus was noted; 2) at the cut portion of the cotyledon where external primary callus developed; and 3) in the ruptured epidermal layer where the primary callus emerged. Callus formation differed in each site. Endogenous callus formed due to the rapid cell division of the cells in the peripheral zone of the provascular tissues. The primary callus from the cut portion of the cotyledon and reptured portion of the epidermal layer were mostly formed out of cell enlargement of the parenchymatous cells. Although the primary callus cells soon became highly vacuolated, this does not seem to contribute to the increase in callus cell mass. Owing to low dividing activity of the primary callus cells, the cytoplasm-rich and meristematic callus cells are apparently derived from the small callus cells which were located on the periphery of the original provascular tissues. And so, some cells in the provascular cells could be seen as the prominent origin of callus in the excised cotyledon system of mungbean.View full abstractDownload PDF (5678K) -
Mohammad Noor Hossain MIAH, Tetsushi YOSHIDA, Yoshinori YAMAMOTO, Youj ...1996 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 672-685
Published: December 05, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA field experiment was carried out to investigate the dry matter production characteristics before and after heading, the partitioning of dry matter to panicles, and some related factors in high yielding semidwarf indica (SDI) and japonica-indica hybrid (JI) varieties in comparison with those of japonica panicle weight (JP) and panicle number (JN) type varieties transplanted in early and late cropping seasons (ET and LT). Leaf area indices (LAIs) of the JI and SDI varieties in both ET and LT were higher at full heading, but decreasing percentages were much more prevalent in these varieties after heading, which resulted in much lower LAIs than those of japonica varieties at maturity. Total top dry weights at full heading of SDI and JI varieties were higher than those of JP and JN varieties in ET and LT, except for Akenohoshi in LT. However, the difference in dry matter increment during the period from full heading to maturity (LIM) among the varieties were not found to be significant. Crop growth rates (CGR) during HN of SDI varieties both in ET and LT were the lowest among thc varietal groups due to the highest decreasing percentage of LAIs and SPAD readings at the later grain filling stage. Panicle dry weights of SDI and JI varieties were about 125∼190gm-2 (20∼31%) and 105∼115gm-2 (18∼20%) higher than those of japonica varieties in ET and LT, respectively. Mean ratios of panicle dry weight to total top dry weight at maturity of the SDI and JI varieties in both ET and LT were about 56%, which were significantly superior to the corresponding mean ratios of JP and JN varieties (i.e., about 47%). These higher mean ratios resulted in panicle weight differences between the high yielding varieties and japonica varieties. The shoot dry matter partitioning percentages to panicles of SDI and JI varieties were more than two times higher in ET, and those of SDI varieties were about four times higher than those of the japonica varieties in LT. The panicle dry weight at full heading (sink capactiy) was found to be closely related to the panicle dry weight at maturity. When the sink capactiy was high, the increment in top dry weights during HM tended to be lower. It was also observed that the partitioning ratios of the accumulated assimilates in shoot to panicles were closely related to the sink capacity.View full abstractDownload PDF (2055K) -
Kang Su KWAK, Morio IIJIMA, Akira YAMAUCHI, Yasuhiro KONO1996 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 686-692
Published: December 05, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPlant roots produce abscisic acid (ABA) and zeatin riboside (ZR) which are known to counteract the aging of plant organs. Changes in ABA and ZR levels were determined by an enzyme immunoassay method in rice roots, in order to evaluate their roles in root system development, especially of seminal root axis (SRA) and lateral roots (LR). Rice plants were grown for 35 days after sowing (DAS) under submerged soil conditions in root boxes. In the seminal root system, ABA and ZR levels reached the highest peaks at 10 and 21 DAS, respectively. The ABA peak corresponded with the times when the nitrogen concentrations in LR decreased to the lowest level and the ZR peak coincided with the 2nd peak of the nitrogen level, as indicated by our previous finding. A drastic increment in ZR level in the seminal root tip at 6 DAS coincided with rooting of 2nd order LR and closely related to emergence of 4th leaf and 1st node nodal roots, which. indicated the significant role of ZR in the early development of rice seedlings. Comparison of LR and SRA revealed that SRA showed a much higher ZR level and much lower content ratio of ABA to ZR than those of LR. Furthermore, the ratio in the seminal root tip was very similar to that of SRA. This indicates that the hormonal characteristics of LR and SRA would be far different.View full abstractDownload PDF (1055K) -
Yoshie S. MOMONOKI, Suguru OGURI, Shigeru KATO, Hideo KAMIMURA1996 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 693-699
Published: December 05, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA basic understanding of the mechanism of salt stress tolerance in plants is crucial to the utilization of salt tolerant crop varieties. The present work was an investigation of NaCl accumulation at the organ level in Salicornia plants. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in various different organs was also determined, by chemical and histochemical methods, in order to determine the possibility that acetylcholine (ACh) functions in Na+ and Cl- transport between organelles. High NaCl accumulation occurred in roots and in lower stems. At 5 months after germination, Salicornia plants had accumulated approximately 160 nmol and 320 nmol/100 g fresh weight of Na+ and Cl- respectively in roots. High AChE activity was also observed in roots and in lower stems. The enzyme activity in stems was higher at nodes than internodes. Histochemically, AChE activity in roots was detected in the cortex, including endodermal cells around the vascular system, and strongly in endodermis, cortex and epidermis at the parting portion of lateral root from the main root. In stems, AChE activity was detected in endodermal cells around the vascular system and concentratively at the node connected with the branch in the stem. These results suggest the possibility that ion transport at the node connected with the branch in the stem, and thc parting portion of the lateral root from the main root is facilitated by ACh function. Furthermore, excessive NaCl may be excreted through the epidermal cells of roots.View full abstractDownload PDF (1382K) -
Akihiro ISODA, Lawrence Misa ABOAGYE, Hiroshi NOJIMA, Yasuo TAKASAKI1996 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 700-706
Published: December 05, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLeaf movement and its relations to radiation interception, transpiration and leaf temperature in peanut cultivars were examined. Five cultivars (Chibahandachi, Tachimasari, Kanto 56, Valencia and Kintoki) were grown under field conditions. At the pod filling period, leaf movement was restrained by covering with a nylon net. The diurnal changes of leaf temperature, the intercepted radiation of leaflets in the uppermost layer of the canopy, and the infrared thermal images were compared with those of the control. Transpiration rate and stomatal resistance were measured in the control plants. The leaf temperature of the treated plants of Tachimasari, Valencia and Kintoki were higher than those of the control. The control had a similar leaf temperature to the air temperature. Chibahandachi and Kanto 56 had higher leaf temperature in the control during the afternoon. The leaf temperature of the treatment decreased in the afternoon. The control plants intercepted greater radiation than the treatment in Kanto 56, Valencia and Kintoki on cloudy days. On clear days, a greater amount of radiation was intercepted in Tachimasari and Kanto 56. Chibahandachi had the greatest transpiration rate, followed by Valencia, Kanto 56 and Tachimasari. The infrared thermal images of Tachimasari and Kintoki were higher than those of Chibahandachi and Kanto 56. It was therefore assumed that a cultivar with high transpiration ability showed active diaheliotropism and a cultivar with low transpiration ability exhibited active paraheliotropism.View full abstractDownload PDF (1075K) -
Kunio OKANO, Kiyoshi MATSUO1996 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 707-713
Published: December 05, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to know the seasonal changes in nitrogen requirement of tea plants, hydroponically-grown young plants were pulse-labelled with 15N during each month throughout the year in a glasshouse. Uptake, distribution and redistribution of 15N-nitrogen were investigated every month. Nitrogen uptake was active in April and May, then declined during the summer season. Vigorous nitrogen uptake was restored in October and November, thereafter, it decreased again during the winter season. The considerable uptake of nitrogen, which was observed even in winter, was maybe due to the relatively high temperature in the glasshouse. During the active growing period from April to September, a large amount of nitrogen was partitioned to the leaves, especially to the sprouting shoots. On the contrary, a large part of the absorbed nitrogen stayed in the roots during the dormant period from November to February. After the bud break, the nitrogen temporally reserved in the roots was translocated to the first flush shoots. Contribution of nitrogen absorbed at each month to the first flush shoots, which was evaluated by the isotope dilution technique, was low during the spring to summer months of thc preceding year, then gradually increased during autumn to winter months. The contribution further increased in early spring months of this year. Sum of the contribution from February to March amounted to 60%. Thus, the most recently absorbed nitrogen showed the largest contribution to the nitrogen in the first flush shoots. This means that nitrogen taken up during early spring was most effective for improving the quality of the first flush shoots. Importance of the nitrogen absorbed the year before was also discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1085K) -
Yu-Chun DU, Akihiro NOSE, Yoshinobu KAWAMITSU, Seiichi MURAYAMA, Kikuo ...1996 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 714-721
Published: December 05, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSpectrophotometric assay of ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate carboxlase, Rubisco, is a very useful method for the routine determination. However, when the freshly synthesized ribulose 1, 5-bisphosphate, RuBP, is used as substrate there is a lag time between the carboxylation and NADH oxidation in the assay. In this study, we found firstly that the lag time was closely related to thc concentrations of phosphoglycerate kinase, PGK, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GAP-DH, and phosphocreatine kinase, PCK, in the assay mixture. After increasing thc concentrations of the coupling enzymes of PGK and GAP-DH, the lag time was shortened, but could not be eliminated completely. By increasing the concentration of PCK, lag time decreased significantly until there was no lag time. So, to overcome the lag time, the key is to increase the use of PCK but not the coupling enzymes. In addition, the accumulation of ADP in the assay mixture proved to be the most important factor in the assay mixture that produced the lag time in the spectrophotometric assay, and an optimum condition for activation and catalysis of Rubisco were also established. With the assay conditions established, high initial and total Rubisco activities were obtained.View full abstractDownload PDF (1026K) -
Fumitake KUBOTA, Kazuyoshi NADA, Kenji HIRANO, Kazuyuki SAITOU1996 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 722-723
Published: December 05, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (427K) -
Varietal Difference in Coleorhiza Shapes of Germinated Italian Millet (Setaria italica Beauv.) SeedsOsamu MORITA, Hiroshi EHARA, Takako MORITA1996 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 724-725
Published: December 05, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (441K) -
[in Japanese]1996 Volume 65 Issue 4 Pages 726-730
Published: December 05, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1079K)
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