Journal of the Fuel Society of Japan
Online ISSN : 2185-226X
Print ISSN : 0369-3775
ISSN-L : 0369-3775
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Volume 29, Issue 5-6
Displaying 1-18 of 18 articles from this issue
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  • [title in Japanese]
    [in Japanese]
    1950 Volume 29 Issue 5-6 Pages 103
    Published: June 28, 1950
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3775/jie.29.103
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • The Chemical Study of Coal, especially on the Chemistry of Humic Acids
    Kozo Higuchi
    1950 Volume 29 Issue 5-6 Pages 104-112
    Published: June 28, 1950
    Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3775/jie.29.104
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    The following researches about the chemical components of coal, especially about huMie acids, which were carried out by many investigators and author were summarized and criticized.
    (1) The definitions and separations of humic acids.
    (2) Methods of extaction and determination of humic acids.-The authors concluded that the most suitable reagent to extract humic acids from coal was dilute sodium hydroxide aqueous solution.In regard to determination methods, six methods, which included the author's were described.
    (3) The elemental constituefits, molecular weights and equivalents of humic acids.-Many reports reference to the elemental constituents, molecular weights and equivalents of humic acids, which included the author's studies were summarized and discussed.
    (4) The active radicals in humic acids.-The deteimination methods and results of carboxyl, phenol, ketone, methoxyl and methylene ketone radicals were summarized and criticized.
    (5) The derivatives of humic acids.-The derivatives of htunic acids which were obtained by the active radical reactions, the substitution reactions of the hydrogen of the aromatic rings, the reactions, included the partial decompositions of the humic acids molecule, and the coupling reactions were summarized.
    (6) Base exchange reactions of humic acids.-In regard to base exchanges of humic acids with various cation, especially the H-Na and H-Ca exchange reactions, the results of measuring equivalent weights and equilibrium constants of humic acids were described.
    (7) The decomposition reactions and products of humic acids.-Various reports reference to the thermal decompositions, oxidative decompositions and reductive decompositions were summarized.
    (8) The structures of humic acids.-As a rational formula of a model type of humic acids, [C106H88O16 (COOH)9 (OH)7 (CO)4 (OCH3)] x, [] =2, 282 was proposed.When the active radicals were converted to hydrogen the rational formula turned into [C106H106O16] x viz.C/H=1.From this result humic acids consisted of many simple benzene rings and had many piran rings, piron rings as well as furan rings.
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  • The Classification of Coal by Simple Adsorption Methods
    Katsuya Inouye
    1950 Volume 29 Issue 5-6 Pages 112-116
    Published: June 28, 1950
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3775/jie.29.112
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    As the simple methods for manifesting the features of innerstructure of coals, the measurements of iodine and methylene blue adsorption from the aqueous solutions are suitable.After the estimation of adequate conditions, these measure-ments were carried out using ca.40 kinds of coals of every rank as samples.The essential point is in comparing the specific surface areas of both series calculated from the adsorption data with the assumption of mono-molecular adsorption.Lignites, sub-bituminous, bituminous coals and anthracites are rather decidedly classified by this simple treatment.
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  • The Preparation of Active Carbon from Lignite
    Nobutoshi Asaoka, Wataru Ishibashi
    1950 Volume 29 Issue 5-6 Pages 117-120
    Published: June 28, 1950
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3775/jie.29.117
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    According to the rational analyses of the portions of different speciffc gravities separated from lignite, the so-called woody structure is concentrated in the portion of lower specific gravity, and the active carbon prepared from this fraction by carbonising and activating with steam, was superior in adsorption power to the carbon from the other fraction.Comparative tests were also carried out on the adsorption power, of active carbons from the woody as well as coaly lignites, and it was shown that the woody lignite, is more satisfactory than the coaly lignite.It may be concluded, therefore, that satisfactory active carbon can be made by choosing a lignite rich in the so-called woody structure.
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  • The Utilizations of α-Pinene
    Tozo Amemiya, Rikijiro Hatta, Siro Sakamoto
    1950 Volume 29 Issue 5-6 Pages 121-125
    Published: June 28, 1950
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3775/jie.29.121
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    Various studies on the chemical utilizations of α-pinene which is the principal constituent of pine root oil and most terpentine oils, were carried out by authors and the outlines of the experimental results on the syntheses of terpin hydrate and α-terpineol as medicinal or perfume materials and some polychloro-derivatives as insecticides were reported.
    On tse synthesis of terpin hydrate from α-pinene by means of sulfuric acid, the more suitable condition than those proposed by other authors was established and moreover by the addition of some promotors to surf uric acid the yield of terpin hydrate showed an increase of 15 to 20%.
    Then, in order to obtain a new effective insecticide from α-pinene, the chlorina-tions of α-pinene and its intermediates, such as bornyl chloride, p-cymene, etc.and the nitration of some intermediates were studied, and it was confirmed that the insecticidal effects of these derivatives of α-pinene were almost simillar or sometimes superior to those of DDT and BHC.Some of the effective constituents of these insecticides were isolated and identified.
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  • The Utilization of Furfural
    Masaharu Katsuno, Seiji Ashida
    1950 Volume 29 Issue 5-6 Pages 126-133
    Published: June 28, 1950
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3775/jie.29.126
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    Furfural can be utilized for various purposes as it is very abundant in its resources.In this review, production, property and main uses of furfural, es-pecially the application in the fuel industry are stated.In the fuel industry, fur-fural is first used for solvent refining.It has been used for refining of lubricant for many years, and recently of diesel oil, fatty oil and anthracene cake in coaltar.Furfural itself is not suitable as fuel but tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol and methyl tetrahydrofuran etc.are possible to be used for blending with gasoline.Methylfuran has high blending octane number.The others, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol and fur-furyl alcohol as anti-freezer of condensed water of a internal combustion engine and_synthesis of pyridine from furfural closely take part in the fuel industry.
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  • The Constituents of Lignite Tars(II)
    Comparative Studies of Several Lignite Tars
    Masaharu Katsuno, Takahisa Iwasaki
    1950 Volume 29 Issue 5-6 Pages 134-137
    Published: June 28, 1950
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3775/jie.29.134
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    Various lignite tars A, B, C, D, from woody lignite and E from coaly lignite were investigated.Among these, tar B was obtained by the carbonisation using superheated steam.
    Comparative studies were carried out on the determination of water, the frac-tional distillation, the treatments by alkali and acid, the determination of methoxyl group of the phenols boiling at .195°C and 235°C (guajacol and creosol), and the estimation of paraffin wax, etc.
    It was found that lignite tars were rich in phenols, especially in low boiling frac-tion, and generally contained methoxyl group, indicating the presence of phenols.having methoxyl group, such as guajacol and creosol, which was one characteristic feature of lignite-tar phenols.Lignite tars also contained considerable amounts of paraffin wax.
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  • The Standard Method of Testing Lignite Coke with special reference to Domestic Cooking Purpose
    Ichijirei Kato
    1950 Volume 29 Issue 5-6 Pages 137-140
    Published: June 28, 1950
    Released on J-STAGE: October 21, 2011
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3775/jie.29.137
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    It is the purpose of this study to establish the Standard Method of Testing (JIS) for Lignite Coke which is used for domestic cooking purpose.Fuels for domestic use is required to have high calorific value, moderate size and good combustibility.The method of this test is much practical and lignite coke is burned in a provided furnace, Japanese“Konro”, and a provided aluminium pan containing 4kg, of water (25°C) is settled on.
    The quality of lignite coke is evaluated by the combustibility, smokeless combus-tion and, evaporating power on the test.Many experiments were carried out so as to determine the most simple and practical testing conditions.Moreover, it was propotional to the calorific value of the sample, and this method was reliable for the testof the quality or, the rank of lignite coke.
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  • The Method of Burning Low Grade Coals on the Fire Grate
    Kusuyata Tanaka
    1950 Volume 29 Issue 5-6 Pages 141-144
    Published: June 28, 1950
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3775/jie.29.141
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    Coal must be heated up to its ignition temperature before it begins to burn, and the rate of heat supply above mentioned governs the rate of burning.Means of heat transmission from outside to coal is dissolved into various elements, and each element is discussed whether it is easy or difficult in buring low grade coals on the fire grate, and the methods to overcome those difficulties are described systematically.
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  • [title in Japanese]
    1950 Volume 29 Issue 5-6 Pages 145
    Published: June 28, 1950
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3775/jie.29.145
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [title in Japanese]
    1950 Volume 29 Issue 5-6 Pages 145a
    Published: June 28, 1950
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3775/jie.29.145a
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  • [title in Japanese]
    1950 Volume 29 Issue 5-6 Pages 145b
    Published: June 28, 1950
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3775/jie.29.145b
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  • [title in Japanese]
    1950 Volume 29 Issue 5-6 Pages 145c-146
    Published: June 28, 1950
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3775/jie.29.145c
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  • [title in Japanese]
    1950 Volume 29 Issue 5-6 Pages 146-147
    Published: June 28, 1950
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3775/jie.29.146
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [title in Japanese]
    1950 Volume 29 Issue 5-6 Pages 147
    Published: June 28, 1950
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3775/jie.29.147
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [title in Japanese]
    1950 Volume 29 Issue 5-6 Pages 147a
    Published: June 28, 1950
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3775/jie.29.147a
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [title in Japanese]
    1950 Volume 29 Issue 5-6 Pages 148-152
    Published: June 28, 1950
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3775/jie.29.148
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [title in Japanese]
    1950 Volume 29 Issue 5-6 Pages 153-154
    Published: June 28, 1950
    Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3775/jie.29.153
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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