All issues
Successor
Volume 68, Issue 12
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
[in Japanese]1989 Volume 68 Issue 12 Pages 1005
Published: December 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (193K) -
Yoshiki SATO, Masami TAKAYASU1989 Volume 68 Issue 12 Pages 1006-1019
Published: December 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecent activities and R&D program on the direct liquefaction of coal in United States were reviewed. Liquefaction of Ohio coal and Texas lignite have been tested using 6t/d Closed-Coupled Integrated Two-Stage Liquefaction (CC-ITSL) mode PDU facility having two ebullated bed reactor with hydrogenation catalyst at Wilsonville, Alabama. Recent runs have been continued to clarify the effect of coal species and reaction conditions on liquid yield, activity control and recovery of catalyst etc.
CC-ITSL recorded highest liquid yield of 78 wt.% from Ohio coal. Hydrocarbon Research Inc.(HRI) has also been investigated the process condition on the bench scale Catalytic Two-Stage Process for coal liquefaction and coprocessing with bitumen.
Characteristics and recent progress on one-through coprocessing in Universal Oil Products (UOP) and one-through two-stage liquefaction in Amoco Oil Company were also presented.
On the other hand, as supporting and basic researches on coal liquefaction, several laboratory scale experiments such as liquefaction with new highly dispersed catalyst were carried out in Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center (PETC) and detailed design of nobel hydrous metal oxide catalyst on liquefaction at Sandia National Laboratories has been introduced.View full abstractDownload PDF (1567K) -
Sadayuki SHINOZAKI, Kazunori TANIGUCHI1989 Volume 68 Issue 12 Pages 1020-1032
Published: December 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAlthough the consumption of coal as a fuel for general industry has been rapidly increased recently in Japan, most, more than a hundred, of coal are imported from foreign countries. A coal firing boiler is usually designed for various coal, but it is important for users to evaluate coal properly to combust it efficiently without any trouble.
Conventional evaluation methods were developed for eastern coal in USA and not suitable for Japanese actual situation. Therefore, we, Idemitsu, have developed new evaluation indexes for combustion, handling and so on.
We can evaluate the combustibility more precisely than current fuel ratio analysing the combustion procedure of maceral in a experimental furnace and also estimate the NOx emission performance in a commercial boiler with “NOx Index” which was newly developed by Idemitsu. Furthermore, we introduce new indexes for handling property, ash slagging potential, electrostatic precipitability and grindability.
The development of clean and high efficient coal combustion technology is also introduced to solve the environmental problem over the world.View full abstractDownload PDF (1692K) -
Koyo MURAKAMI1989 Volume 68 Issue 12 Pages 1033-1044
Published: December 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSResearch and technology development are different from each other in the evaluation. It should be thought that technology development begins with the theme selection concerned and its completion is evaluated by the commercialization of the performance got through the development or by the possibility of the performance to the key technology.
Economic analysis is required when the development project moves from one phase to the next one. The analysis gives us useful informations such as R & D efficiency, return on investiment (ROI) and product cost performance in comparison with conventional processes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1409K) -
Takatoshi MIURA, Hiroyuki YOSHINO, Shozaburo SAITOH, Shigemori OHTANI1989 Volume 68 Issue 12 Pages 1045-1052
Published: December 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFissures in the coke layer have a great influence on the coke qualities, for instance, its strength and size, and the production cost. It is well-known that the thermal stress caused by the drastic contraction in the coke layer would be the major cause of fissures. But few analytical studies have been carried out on the thermal stress in the coke layer. We have then tried to estimate the thermal stress distribution in the coke layer, using the finite element method. We have applied an incremental theory to our FEM formulation. As a result, we have obtained the following results.
1. Comparing with x-ray photographs taken through the coking process, we find a good correspondence between the fissure formation behavior on the photograph and the estimated principal tensile stress distribution.
2. With the increase of the heating rate on the wall, we estimate the greater principal tensile stress in the coke layer, which indicates that higher heating rates lead to more and greater fissures in the coke layer.
3. The estimated results of the thermal stress distribution depend on temperature-dependencies of thermal property, contraction coefficient and Young's modulus.View full abstractDownload PDF (833K) -
Hideyuki AOKI, Tomohiko FURUHATA, Toshiaki AMAGASA, Shoji TANNO, Takat ...1989 Volume 68 Issue 12 Pages 1053-1063
Published: December 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA simulation method on characteristics of spray combustion for a Pitch-Water (PWM) and Coal-Water mixture (CWM) has been developed which was composed of the following seven frames; 1. the modified k-ε two equation model was used to estimate the flow pattern of recirculating zone in the swirling flow. 2. a trajectory of fuel droplets was calculated in the Lagrange method. 3. the interaction between fuel droplets and gas flows was considered by PSI cell model. 4. the combustion rate of PWM and CWM was determined by experiments for a single droplet combustion. 5. the combustion rate in gas phase was estimated by a eddy-dissipation combustion model. 6. NOx and Soot formation rates were computed by the previous models, respectively. 7. radiant heat transfer rate was obtained by the flux method.
Production rates of NOx and Soot in the two-stage combustion of PWM, the relation between a swirling number and unburned ratio and between atomization characteristics and unburned ratio of CWM were simulated in three different furnaces, respectively. Their computed results were successfully fitted with experimental ones. The simulation method was thus useful to predict the influence of various operating conditions on the combustion performance.View full abstractDownload PDF (1205K) -
Ryoichi YOSHIDA, Tadashi YOSHIDA, Hideo NARITA, Yoshihisa HASEGAWA, Yo ...1989 Volume 68 Issue 12 Pages 1064-1068
Published: December 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSShale oil is characterized by high nitrogen content, coal liquefaction product by high oxygen content and tar sand bitumen by high sulfur content. Shale oil contains a low content of hydrogens bound to aromatic carbons (Ha) and a high content of hydrogens bound to aliphatic carbons β or further from aromatic rings (Ho). The aromaticity is low, and the size of aromatic rings in the structural unit is small (1ring).
The hydrogen content of hydrotreated shale oil increases, and the atomic ratio H/C reaches 2.1. On the other hand, the nitrogen content decreases up to 22-56% of raw shale oil, and the oxygen content up to 25-88% of raw shale oil. During hydrotreatment, Ha and hydrogens bound to aliphatic carbons α from aromatic rings (Hα) decreases, and Ho increases. The resin component decreases remarkably, the aromatic component increases initially and then decreases, and the saturate component increases remarkably. Consequently, the hydroconversion of shale oil is considered to proceed as follows;
Resins→Aromatics→Saturates
The middle fraction (200-325°C) decreases and the naphtha fraction (IBP-200°C) increases. The yield of naphtha fraction is ca.40wt% independent of reaction conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (590K) -
[in Japanese]1989 Volume 68 Issue 12 Pages 1069-1080
Published: December 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2190K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1989 Volume 68 Issue 12 Pages 1084
Published: December 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (159K) -
[in Japanese]1989 Volume 68 Issue 12 Pages 1085
Published: December 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (132K) -
[in Japanese]1989 Volume 68 Issue 12 Pages 1086
Published: December 20, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (153K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|