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Volume 64, Issue 12
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[in Japanese]1985 Volume 64 Issue 12 Pages 971-972
Published: December 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (337K) -
Cycle Power Generation (Cool Water Program)Shigemitsu ARAKI1985 Volume 64 Issue 12 Pages 973-982
Published: December 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIntegrated Coal Gasification Combined Cycle Power Generation (IGCC) is one of the most promising advanced power generation systems with its superior environmental acceptability and high thermal efficiency.
Cool Water Coal Gasification Program (CWCGP) is a project in which IGCC plant incorporating an entrained flow type Texaco gasifier is being demonstrated. Besides the participants in the United States such as Texaco, Southern California Edison and EPRI, a Japanese consortium (JCWP) led by Tokyo Electric Power is participating in CWCGP.
Construction of CWCGP plant was initiated in December 1981 and was completed in April 1984. Total construction capital was 263 million dollars, approximately 10% lower than the original budget.
After the commissioning operation and 10 days acceptance test, demonstration phase of CWCGP was started in June 1984.
Since then the plant has been operated successfully and the cumulative operation and the capacity factor at the end of September 1985 reached approximately 6000 hours and 44% respectively. And the run length record during this period was 640 hours.
Encouraged by the success of CWCGP, a plan of constructing a commercial IGCC plant in 1990's was announced in the United States this spring.View full abstractDownload PDF (2015K) -
Akira NOMURA, Joseph YAMADA1985 Volume 64 Issue 12 Pages 983-988
Published: December 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA characterization method of coal-derived asphaltene has been studied by preparative scale reversed-phase liquid chromatography using ODS-silica gel as stationary phase and THF- methanol eluent system as mobile phase. Asphaltenes derived from Taiheiyo coal and Yallourn coal were separated stepwise into five fractions, Fl-5, using each 100 ml of 0, 10, 30, 50 and 100 v/v% of THF in methanol solution at a flow rate of 5ml/ min on the 10 i. d.×500mm column packed with ODS-silica gel (25-45μm). Each fraction was investigated in terms of elemental analysis, molecular weight determination, fa value and UV absorptivity. The molecular weight of the separated fractions increases as the fraction number increases according to the hydrophobicity of the fraction. The plot of H/C vs. fa in Fig. 1 shows that the asphaltene samples are separated according to the degree of ring condensation rather than the carbon number of side chains judging from the gradient of the slope and the distribution of H/C values. The relationship between molecular weight of the fraction and the absorptivity at 220 nm (K1) or at 260 nm (K2) is linear except for Fl of K2, as shown in Fig. 2, which provides basic data for the characterization of asphaltenes by analytical scale HPLC determination using UV monitoring system.View full abstractDownload PDF (840K) -
Mikio MORITA, Kunio HIROSAWA, Totaro GOTO1985 Volume 64 Issue 12 Pages 989-996
Published: December 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is well known that hydroaromatics, possessing hydrogen-donating ability, effectively act in extractive chemical disintegration and hydrocracking of coals. On the other hand, hydrocracked coal liquids produced by use of zinc chloride catalyst could be expected to be suitable solvents in these reactions because they were confirmed to be rich in hydroaromatics. So, in the present study, coal liquid products were prepared by hydrocracking of Akabira and Taiheiyo coals with the catalyst, and properties and powers in extractive chemical disintegration of their fractions at 230-270°C, 270-340°C and above 270°C were investigated in comparison with those of tetralin and anthracene oil: it was found that solubility of coals in these fractions was far more than that in anthracene oil and comparable to or more than that in tetralin. But as fractions above 270°C contain components to be easily carbonized, their usage should be limited to a narrow range of reaction conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (1192K) -
Coloration of Nitrogen-Containing Model CompoundsKoji UKEGAWA, Akimitsu MATSUMURA, Etsuro NAKAMURA, Yoshio KAMIYA, Etsu ...1985 Volume 64 Issue 12 Pages 997-1002
Published: December 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe coloration of several nitrogen-containing compounds has been studied in connection with the aging of coal-derived liquid. It has been observed that the nitrogen-containing compounds having active N-H bonds are readily colored and the rate of coloration and reactivity toward 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl correlate well with each other. The irradiation of amines in methanol at visible light under air caused rapid coloration, but it was not observed in the absence of oxygen. Both peroxy and alkoxy radicals enhanced the coloration, but free radical scavengers were not effective in suppressing the coloration. The gel permeation chromatograms of the irradiated amines suggested the formation of high molecular weight compounds.View full abstractDownload PDF (718K) -
Gpc and Type AnalysisMasao NAKADA, Seiji ARITA1985 Volume 64 Issue 12 Pages 1003-1009
Published: December 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExcellent activity for coal liquefaction and low hydrogen consumption of deposited iron sulfide catalyst for coal liquefaction was reported in our privious report. Successive gpc and type analysis were conducted, to see characters of Wandoan coal's liquefied fractions (Benzene soluble fractions (BS) and benzene insoluble and pridine soluble fractions (BI-PS)) by deposited iron sulfide catalyst and three reference catalysts (iron sulfide powder, Ni-Mo/Al2O3 and ZnCl2). The molecular weight distributions turn lower in the following order, iron sulfide powder≅ deposited iron sulfide > Ni-Mo/Al2O3>ZnCl2. The polarity of BS turn weaker in the same order as the molecular weight distributions turned.
The conclusions are as follows:
1) there is few fundamental difference between liquefied Wandoan coal structure by deposited iron sulfide catalyst and that by powdowered iron sulfide catalyst.
2) low hydrogen consumption using two iron sulfide catalysts is due to the fact that liquefied Wandoan coal structure is similar to that of original Wandoan coal.View full abstractDownload PDF (1063K) -
Yang Duk PARK, Yozo KORAI, Isao MOCHIDA1985 Volume 64 Issue 12 Pages 1010-1016
Published: December 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCarbonaceous mesophase pitches were prepared from two petroleum pitches by assuring homogeneous heating under vacuum and stirring.
The mesophase pitches were characterized in terms of their solubilities, optical anisotropy, softening temperature and the thermal stability to correlate to their structural characteristics. Among the characteristics, their contents of naphthenic groups which inherited their starting pitches appear to be a key factor controlling their properties.
Their roles in the carbonization are discussed from views of the carbonization reactivity and static properties. The carbonization behaviors of the pitch in the presence of sulfur are also discussed. Hydrogens in the pitch were identified by NMR and their reactivity against sulfur at the temperature rising.View full abstractDownload PDF (1634K) -
Shoji TANNO, Masao SAKAIZAWA, Toshimasa TAKANOHASHI, Takatoshi MIURA, ...1985 Volume 64 Issue 12 Pages 1017-1026
Published: December 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the investigation on the prediction of combustion characteristics within a furnace, the combustion model has not been developed adequately because the following aspects are tangled in the spray combustion process; 1) turbulent air and spray flows, 2) atomizing characteristics, 3) heat and mass transfer and 4) combustion. This paper proposed the practical combustion model which can be satisfactory to various combustion conditions.
Previous to combustion simulation, liquid fuel sprays characteristics, whose atomizing principle is based on a pneumatic nozzle with a swirling flow, (radial distribution of air velocity, dispersion, particle diameter) are measured. A computation method of the flow field with the swirling flow is carried out by SIMPLE method where a turbulence flow model (k-ε two-equation model) is used.
A simple reaction model is included in the above turbulence equations from the points of application of the prediction whose model is made that the one-step reaction occurs between fuel vapor and oxygen with an infinite reaction rate. And NOx production rate is computed on the extended Zeldovich mechanism. The combustion characteristics are measured by these modelings using the differential method.
Kerosene spray is fired under the excess air ratio of 1.2 distributions of gas temperature and of gas composition (O2 and NOx) are measured.
The calculated gas temperature and composition within the furnace agree qualitatively with these experimental values. The simulation based on the model can be applied a variety of combustion conditions such as furnace type and kinds of fuel.View full abstractDownload PDF (1376K) -
Masafumi MATSUMOTO, Katsuhide MURATA1985 Volume 64 Issue 12 Pages 1027-1031
Published: December 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe preparation of coal-oil slurry for the coal liquefaction plant has been studied using a ball mill (batch). The particle size distribution and the slurry viscosity, which vary with the grinding time, were measured for these three coals of Horonai, Taiheiyo and Wandoan.
Anthracene oil and creosote oil were used as the vehicle oil to be mixed with coals.
The following results were obtained.
1) The particle size distribution of the ground coal in the coal derived oil can be expressed by Rosin-Ra mmler's equation and the coefficient “n” in that equation does not vary with the grinding time.
2) The particle size varies with the grinding time to the power of 0.7∼0.84.
3) Slurry viscosity increases linearly with the decrease in the average particle size of coal. And the greatest increase in the slurry viscosity was observed in the case of Horonai coal. It appears that the swelling of coal causes the increase in the slurry viscosity.View full abstractDownload PDF (572K) -
Koji CHIBA, Hideyuki TAGAYA, Shimio SATO, Kazuo ITO1985 Volume 64 Issue 12 Pages 1032-1036
Published: December 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo elucidate the mechanism of sulfur participation on coal liquefaction, Yallourn coal was liquefied at 400°C. Even in the absence of catalysts, the addition of sulfur was very effective in tetralin, and the increment of conversion to BS reached to 13%. It was confirmed that during heating up period, sulfur abstracted hydrogen from tetralin to produce hydrogen sulfide and naphthalene. Reaction intermediates such as tetralyl radical and hydrogen sulfide might act as hydrogen donor for coal. Sulfur in the liquefaction residue was three times that of original coal. It suggested the presence of reaction of sulfur with coal. Such a reaction and hydrogen abstraction reaction by sulfur from coal might be detrimental for coal liquefaction, especially without any donor. It was concluded that sulfur and sulfur-derived compounds played important roles as hydrogen donor, shuttler and consumer, and intermediate radicals might accelerate the rupture of chemical bonds in coal.View full abstractDownload PDF (722K)
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