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Volume 56, Issue 8
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[in Japanese]1977 Volume 56 Issue 8 Pages 643-644
Published: August 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (311K) -
Hideo Fujita1977 Volume 56 Issue 8 Pages 645-656
Published: August 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAfter the oil crisis in 1973, it has become more important matter than ever to save the energy consumption in every field, and nowadays this matter is taken into account most seriously especially for the internal combustion engines.
The major trends of the technical progress and developments in the internal combustion engines have been concentrated to the realization of the following problems;
(1) Enhancing the power rate of the engines to improve their economic characteristics by reducing the production cost per output of the engines.
(2) Reducing the fuel consumption of the engines to improve their economic characteristics by cutting down the heat energy consumed.
(3) Rationalizing the selection and arrangements of the main engines and auxilially equipments to realize the higher economy as the whole system of the plant.
(4) Enhancing the reliability and durability of the engines to make the maintenance cost as economically as passible.
(5) Incorporating the modern automation system in the engine room to improve the environmental conditions and successfully to preserve such better conditions for engine operotors and also for other people.
This paper involves mainly a recent technical view on the above problems relating to the internal combustion engines for marine use and land use as well.View full abstractDownload PDF (1905K) -
Yasuzo Toba, Yoshihiro Ogisu, Yoshio Kawamura1977 Volume 56 Issue 8 Pages 657-665
Published: August 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRelation between NO formation and the condition of combustion in the experimental small size fluidized-bed combustor was studied using sub-bituminous coal which contains relatively high volatile matter.
Greater part of NO in the flue gas is supposed to be converted from fuel nitrogen because the reaction temperature is relatively low, but the ratio of nitrogen that converted to NO and the total fuel nitrogen is 10-20% and this is in low level. This low level conversion ratio is supposed to be because of lack of uniformity in the combustion chamber.
Formation of NO has intimate relation with the O2 concentration in the flue gas. In the region that O2 concentration is 2-10%, NO formation (calculated NO at O2=0%) increases with increase of O2 concentration.
To supply the secondary air into the free board region is very effective to destroy CO and unburned HC in the flue gas, and this causes a little increase in NO formation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1136K) -
Several Factors Affecting NO-NH3 Reaction over Precipitated Vanadium Alumina CatalystsKaoru Fujimoto, Tsutomu Shikada, Taiseki Kunugi, Hiroo Tominaga1977 Volume 56 Issue 8 Pages 666-673
Published: August 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOperational factors affecting the abatement of nitric oxide in flue gases by ammonia on precipitated vanadium-alumina catalysts were studied. Oxygen in the gas phase accelerated NO conversion rate, and one mole of NO reacted with one mole of ammonia in the presence of oxygen. Sulfur dioxide and steam showed a little adverse effect on the reaction rate but still more than 99% conversion of NO was attained at 250°C under the practicable reaction condition. However, in the presence of sulfur dioxide, the catalyst support (alumina) reacted with ammonium bisulfate produced on the catalyst giving rise to a gradual decline of the catalytic activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (866K) -
Reaction of Regenerated Humic Acid with Ethylene CarbonateHisayoshi Yoshida, Toshiharu Miki, Seiji Arita1977 Volume 56 Issue 8 Pages 674-680
Published: August 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reaction of ethylene carbonate with the regenerated humic acid prepared from Takamatsu coal (C: 75.7%) by oxidation with nitric acid has been investigated.
Hydroxyethylation of humic acid with ethylene carbonate easily occured and carboxyl group and phenolic hydroxy group in humic acid were converted into ester and ether, respectively.
In the case of alkali (Na2CO3) catalyst, the formation of polyether followed after hydroxyethylation of humic acid. In the case of acid (H2SO4) catalyst, the crosslinkage formation through ethylene group occured after hydroxyethylation of humic acid.
Humic acid became insoluble in an aqueous alkali solution by reaction with ethylene carbonate. In the case of acid catalyst, it was possible to obtain the product which was insoluble in an aqueous alkali solution but retained the most part of acidic group of the original regenerated humic acid.
The reaction products showed a strong absorption band at 1, 250cm-1 (C-O-C stretching vibration of ester) in IR spectrum so that the carboxyl group in the regenerated humic acid is considered to be the aromatic carboxyl group.View full abstractDownload PDF (815K) -
Production of the Alkali Insoluble Ion Exchanger by Pyrolysis of Ca, Mg and Na Salts of Regenerated Humic AcidToshiharu Miki, Hisayoshi Yoshida, Seiji Arita, Masanao Nakagawa, Yosh ...1977 Volume 56 Issue 8 Pages 681-685
Published: August 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to obtain an alkali insoluble ion exchanger from the regenerated humic acid prepared by oxidation of Miike coal with nitric acid, pyrolysis of metal salts of the regenerated humic acid has been investigated.
By heating Ca and Mg salts of the regenerated humic acid at 300°C for 1 hr in a stream of nitrogen, the pyrolyzed products became insoluble in an alkaline solution of pH 11. But the amount of carboxyl group (determined by Ca (CH3COO) 2 method) in the regenerated humic acid decreased only from 3.2meq/g to 2.2meq/g by the pyrolysis of Ca salt of regenerated humic acid.
The ion exchange capacity of the pyrolyzed product was not less than that of the original regenerated hurnic acid. Therefore, this pyrolyzed product can be used as an ion exchanger for treatment of the alkaline waste water containing heavy metal ions.View full abstractDownload PDF (653K) -
Hiroshi Sano, Ichiro Toyama1977 Volume 56 Issue 8 Pages 686-692
Published: August 20, 1977
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study concerns with a basic research on NOx emission from flames of the fuels consisted of H2 and various typical hydrocarbons (CH4, C3H8, C3H6, C2H2).
The NOx emission from H2 flame significantly decreased with an increase of airpremixing, in contrast with ordinary hydrocarbons which give the more NOx emission by the more air-premixing.
Without air premixing, linear relationships between the logarithum of NOx level and the H2 equivalence fraction in the mixed fuel were found. There are some extent of advantageous feature of mixing combustion of H2 with some hydrocarbons for the NOx depression. By a small addition of C3H8 to H2 for example, the NOx level easily decreased by 200-300ppm.
On the other hand in highly air-premixed combustion, H2 flame was extremely lower in NOx emission than every hydrocarbons in these experiments. In these cases the addition of hydrocabon to H2 always caused an increase of the emission of NOx.View full abstractDownload PDF (824K) -
1977 Volume 56 Issue 8 Pages 707
Published: 1977
Released on J-STAGE: February 23, 2011
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (80K)
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